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AI HOC A NNG

TRNG AI HOC KY THUT


KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN - IN T VIN THNG

TAI:

NG DUNG VI IU
KHIN VAO
THIT B IN DN
GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn
DUNG
Phong

SVTH : ng Ngoc c
Lp
A NNG
2003

: 98T1

Cho n nay, xu hng hin ai hoa, a dang hoa cac thit b


phuc vu san xut, sinh hoat ngay cang phat trin manh me, trong
o vi iu khin ong vai tro ht sc quan trong, c bit la ng
dung vi iu khin lam tng tnh thng minh, linh hoat, tnh
mm deo cho cac thit b in dn dung. at c muc ch
o em c giao tai: ng dung vi iu khin vao thit b
in dn dung.

Thit b in c iu khin trong an nay la quat in.

Trong tai cua em se giai quyt c nhng vn ma


cac loai quat in khac cho n nay vn cha th ap ng c
nh: thay i sc gio theo hng gio yu cu ma sc gio nay
c cam nhn ngay trn LED 7 oan bng tc cua quat, iu
khin tt m quat t xa.

10/14/15

NHIM VU
TAI:

Giam sat hoat ng cua thit


b (quat in).
Thay i tc cua quat theo
hng gio yu cu.
iu khin tt m
quat t xa.

10/14/15

PHN I: C S LY THUYT

I. Gii thiu v quat in va cac phng phap iu


kh
in tc cua quat.

II. Tng quan v h thng o lng va iu khin.


III. Cac loai cam bin.

IV. Vi iu khin AT89C51.

V. Cac vi mach s dung trong an.


PHN II: THIT K VA THI CNG

I. Thit k phn cng.

II. Thit k phn mm.


10/14/15

I.

PHN
I:

GII THIU V QUAT IN VA CAC PHNG


PHAP IU KHIN
TC CUA QUAT.
Quat in la thit b in dn dung lam vic
da trn nguyn tc cua ng c in xoay chiu
mt pha, do o phn chnh cua quat gm: stato va
rto; trn quat con co c cu truyn ng bng banh
rng giup quat thay i hng gio khi hoat ng.
thay i tc cho quat th co nhiu
phng phap:
Thay i in ap t ln stato.
Thay i tn s ngun cung cp cho quat.
Thay i in tr rto. .v.v.

10/14/15

BACK
BACK

CAC NGUYN TC IU KHIN GOC KCH


.
thay i in ap t ln stato ta thay i goc
kch cho triac cng sut lam triac dn manh hay yu
dn n in ap t ln stato la ln hay nho.
Co hai nguyn tc iu khin thay i goc kch
cho triac:
Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh va
phap iu khin thng ng arccos.

Ub U
b
phng
Uk

Ub, Uk,
UT1 T2

Ubm

UT1T2

Uk
t

Uk

t
0

Ub

Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng


n tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh.

10/14/15

arcco

BACK
BACK

IU KHIN TRIAC BNG PHNG


PHAP IU KHIN PHA.
Trong an nay se s dung nguyn tc iu khin
thng ng tuyn tnh vi phng phap iu khin
pha (la phg phap thay i goc kch cho triac lam
triac dn manh hay yu).
Uli
t

0
Triac

Uli

U0

U0

Phng phap iu khin kiu pha.


10/14/15

BACK
BACK

II. TNG QUAN V H THNG O LNG VA


IU KHIN.
Cam bin

Thit b

Cam bin t
xa

Cng sut

X ly va iu
khin

Hin th

DAC

S khi tng quat h thng o lng va iu


khin .
BACK
BACK
10/14/15

III. CAC LOAI CAM BIN


CAM BIN TC
:

Khi a quay, transistor se ch


dn nu v tr cua LED, l cua a
va transistor thng hang. Khi transistor
dn se a in ap ra V0 v mc
thp. Khi a ngn anh sang th
transistor b khoa, kt qua la in
ap ra V0 c a ln mc cao. Vy
khi a quay c mt vong th trn
u ra V0 ta c 12 xung hnh ch
nht. Tn s xung phu thuc vao
tc cua a cung co ngha la
N tc cua ng c
phu thuc60vao
N 0Tn
.
Tc n cua ng c c
tnh theo cng thc:
n=
10/14/15

Vi N: la s xung m c

VCC

R1

R2

VO
D

B cam bin quang t


vi a ma hoa.

BACK
BACK

CAM BIN T XA VA
CAM BIN V TR
5V

5V

5V

5V

4,7 k

R 21

P3.5
K1

R22 4,7 k
P3.6
K2

Tia hng
ngoai
n t
Removed

5V

R2
6

10/14/15

D Pr

Rle

555

Clk cl Q

R3
Q1

R1
2

C1

Cam bin v tr.

8
7

C2

P3.7

S mach thu hng ngoai.

BACK
BACK

IV. VI IU KHIN AT89C51


IC AT89C51 la mt h vi tnh 8bit n chip CMOS co hiu sut
cao, cng sut ngun tiu thu
thp va co 4 K byte b nh
ROM Flash xoa c/lp trnh
c.

128 byte RAM.

4 KB ROM.

4 cng vao ra 8 bit.

2 b m thi gian 16 bit.

Giao tip ni tip.

64K khng gian b nh


chng trnh ngoai.

64K khng gian b nh d


liu ngoai.

B vi x ly hoat ng
trn tng bit ring le.

10/14/15 210 v tr co th anh a


ch theo bit.

31
19

EA/VP

39

P0.0

38

P0.1
X1

37

P0.2

36

P0.3
18

35

P0.4
X2

34

P0.5

33

P0.6
9

32

P0.7
RESET

21

P2.0
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

INT0
INT1

89C51

22

P2.1

23

P2.2

24

P2.3

T0

P2.4

T1

P2.5

25
26
27

P2.6
P1.0

28

P2.7

P1.1
P1.2

RD

P1.3

WR

P1.4

PSEN

P1.5

ALE/P

P1.6

TXD

P1.7

RXD

17
16
29
30
11
10

S chn AT89C51.

BACK
BACK

V. CAC VI MACH S DUNG TRONG


AN.
- Vi mach chuyn i s tng t DAC0808.
- Vi mach 74LS123.
- Vi mach NE555.
- Vi mach 74LS74.
- KTT A741.
- Va cac loai linh kin khac nh: transistor,
diode . . .

10/14/15

BACK
BACK

PHN
II:
S KHI PHN CNG:
Cam bin
tc

Quat
in
iu khin

Tao xung

Cam bin
v tr

iu khin
trung tm

Cam bin
t xa

DAC

Hin th

Ngun cung cp

10/14/15

S khi kit VK 89C51.

BACK
BACK

KHI CAM BIN TC VA TAO


XUNG.
5V

R18
D1

180

5V

R20

R19 470

1,5F
C6

CEXT
74LS123

1,5k

Q1

REXT/CEXT

5V
Mach cam bin tc .

A
B
CLR

T0 /89C51

Q
Q

Mach tao xung.

y la mach thu hng ngoai ng dung trong iu khin t xa dung Rermode .


Mi khi Rermode phat ra tia hng ngoai th LED thu hng ngoai se tao ra mt
xung m kch cho mach monostable mt in ap nho hn 1/3V cc, mach
monostable se tao ra mt xung kch cho DFF i trang thai, t o co th kch
dn hoc tt transistor keo theo rle ong hoc ngt ngun cung cp cho
quat.
Nguyn ly hoat ng :
Gia s ban u ngo ra cua DFF mc 1, khi o transistor se dn va rle ong
cho quat quay.
Khi co tia hng ngoai phat ra t Rermode th DFF lai nhn c mt xung
10/14/15
kch t mach monostable do o ngo ra Q cua DFF c i trangBACK
thai t
BACK
mc 1 v mc 0 lam transistor tt, role ngt va quat ngng quay.

KHI CAM BIN V TR VA CAM


BIN TC .

R 21
4,7 k
P3.5
K1

Vcc 5V

5V

Vcc

R22
P3.6 4,7k
K2

R25 220

Tia hng
ngoai n
t
Removed

5V

R24 180

3
6 NE555

R26

C7

Q6
D468

2,2F

C8

10/14/15

Rle

4,7k
2

D2

Cam bin v tr.

D Pr Q
74LS74
Clk cl Q

0.1

P3.7

Mach thu hng ngoai.

BACK
BACK

3.3K

3.3K

Mach chuyn i stng t.

8
n

a
b
c
d
e

c
d
e

fg

2
1
10
f
g

a
b
c
d
e

d
e

DAC0808

DEN3
DEN4

A1015
Q5

9
7
6
4

COMP

P3.2
P3.3

DEN1
DEN2

fg

P3.1

P3.0

VR-

0,01F

10/14/15

89C51

Q4

a
b
c

C4

P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7

2
A1015

9
7
6
4
2
1
10

16

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

gf

R3 4,7k

VR+

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

a
b
c
d
e

15

IOUT

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

fg

14

Q3

9
7
6
4
2
1
10

R4 4,7k

A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1

10

12V

IOUT

a
b
c
d
e
f
g

Cn
g P0/

fg

U23

a
b
c
d
e

R
4

Q2

4,7 k

2
A1015

9
7
6
4
2
1

2
A1015

fg

R5

DEN 4

3.3K

3.3K

C5 0,01F

R10

a
b

Udk

R9

a
b
c
d
e

R8

a
b
c
d
e

VCC

R7

fg

R6 10

DEN 3

DEN 1

DEN 2

KHI CHUYN I DAC VA KHI


HIN TH.

Mach hin th.

BACK
BACK

S MACH KIT 89C51.


Udk
VCC

10

LED
SW2

R9

R10

3.3K

3.3K

3.3K

VR-

R3
16

C4

COMP

28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

VCC

0.01uF
C1
VCC

SW1

R1
100

9
R42
4.7K

R43
4.7K

RST

C2

AT89C51

P3.6

18
K2

ALE/PROG

XTAL2

R19

R20

180

470

1.5K
1.5uF

30pF

15

D1
Q1

D2
2

TR
U12

CV

3
5

Q
CLK

K2
R25

74LS74
Q

5
4.7K

Q6
D486

C9
0.1uF

10/14/15

1
Q

U13A

NE555

P3.

4
3

1
2

CL

DIS
THR

PR

C7

4
7
6
2.2uF

PHOTODIODE

220

R24
180

A
B
CLR

13

74LS123

VCC

VCC

T0/89C51

REXT/CEXT
1
2
3

VCC
R25

CEXT

C7

31

EA/VPP

U25A

14
R18

C3

K1

XTAL1

30

12MHz

P3.5

VCC

30pF
19

3
8
n

8
n

DEN1
DEN2
DEN3
DEN4

A1015

Q5

29

PSEN

R2
10K

a
b
c
d
e
f
g

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INTO
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/TO
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD

P2.7/A15
P2.6/A14
P2.5/A13
P2.4/A12
P2.3/A11
P2.2/A10
P2.1/A9
P2.0/A8

10uF

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32

P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

DAC0808
15

P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7

10
9
7
6
4
2
1

VR+

R4
4.7k

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

IOUT

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

14

A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1

10
9
7
6
4
2
1

2
4.7k

U23
IOUT

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

4
VCC

A1015

Q4

D4

A1015

Q3

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

A1015

Q2

10
9
7
6
4
2
1

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

LED

4.7K

R5

D3

P2.0

6
5
4

R8

3.3K

1
2
3

R7

SW DIP-BCD/SM

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

0.01uF

10
9
7
6
4
2
1

C5

DEN4

220

DEN3

R23

g
f
a
b
c
d
e

VCC

DEN2

R6

DEN1

7
3

12V

RELAY SPST

PORT0
PORT1

BACK
BACK

S MACH KHI IU
KHIN.
3

12V

1
2
1K

R33

7
1

U1

100

120
7
6

D13

DIS
THR

R27

uA741

1N914

Q7

1K

D468
D7

uA741

1K

1N914

4.7uF

C18

TR
U2

2.2uF

CV

5
C19
0.1uF

C15

4
5

R31

C17

Q
NE555

D11

7
1

U4

-12V

JP1

R32

4
5

A1015
Q9

R29

12V

R34

12V

11

3V

1K

12V

D9

Udk

VR1

15uF

1N914

3
2
1
-12V

12V

D8

Q8

D468

U5

3
2

3V

Q10
A1015

D10

Q13
C1815

MOC3020

10K

BTA12
JP3
TRIAC

1
2
220V ~

VR2

1K

JP5
1
2
3

12V

HEADER 3

TAI

D12

1N914

-12V

R35

R30

12V

10/14/15

15uF

7
1

1K

12V

1
2

220

R28

JP4

390

uA741

R37

13

R36

C16

4
5

1N914

BIEN AP + - 12V

BACK
BACK

II. THIT K PHN


MM.

Bt u

Xut in ap iu
khin quat chay
nhanh nht
Y

LEFTMAX

P2.0 = 1

RIGHTMAX

N
P3.7 = 0

P3.7 = 1

N
Y

N
P3.6 = 0

N
Y

GIAM

10/14/15

P3.6 = 0

N
TNG

Dng
?

N
P3.5 = 0

P3.7 = 1

P3.7 = 0

P3.5 = 0

GIAM

TNG

Kt thuc

Dng
?

Lu thut toan chng


trnh chnh.

BACK
BACK

TNG

GIAM

Xut in ap
iu khin nho
nht

Xut in ap
iu khin ln
nht

Giam dn gia tr in
ap k sau mi 0,1s

Tng dn gia tr in
ap k sau mi 0,1s

N
P3.7 = 0

P3.7 = 1

N
Y

P3.7 = 0

N
N

P3.7 = 1

N
N

in ap k max

Y
P3.6 = 0

in ap k min
Y

Dng
? Y

Kt thuc
10/14/15

GIAM

P3.5 = 0

Dng
? Y

TNG

Kt thuc

Lu thut toan chng trnh tng va giam


in ap iu khin.
BACK
BACK

Bt u

nh
thi 1s

oc thanh
ghi nh thi

ACALL TINH_TOAN

Kt thuc

Lu thut toan chng trnh


phuc vu ngt.
10/14/15

BACK
BACK

KT LUN

Sau ba thang tm hiu, thc hin tai, em a c


ban hoan thanh tai c giao: ng dung vi iu
khin vao thit b in dn dung.
Vi cac im a hoan thanh la:
- Thit k c chng trnh iu khin tc
cua quat theo hng gio yu cu.
- Co th iu khin tt, m quat t xa.
- Thit k c mach iu khin in ap trn
stato cua ng c bng cach iu khin goc m cho triac
cng sut (bng phng phap iu khin pha theo nguyn
tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh).
Tuy nhin vi kinh nghim thc t va kin thc co
han nn vic thc hin tai con tn tai nhng han
ch:
- Cha lp trnh hen gi m, tt quat.
- Cha th dung iu khin t xa (Removed) thc
hin
iu khin nhiu cng vic: chon v tr hng go,
10/14/15
hen gi. Do o cha s dung ht kha nng cua vi BACK
iu
BACK

HNG PHAT TRIN TAI


iu khin tc ng c bng
phng phap thay i in ap trn stato cua
ng c la kho iu khin theo moi tc .
Nu phng phap nay c kt hp vi
vic thay i tn s in ap xoay chiu cp
cho stato th vic iu khin tc se d
dang hn, thun li hn. Tuy nhin mun thay
i c tn s phai dung b bin tn,
tt nhin cn co thm b chnh lu, nh vy
phng phap nay se tn kem hn, nhng vic
iu khin la chnh xac hn va se tin li
hn khi s dung phng phap nay ng
dung trong vic iu khin nhiu ng c
cung
BACK
10/14/15 thay i tc theo mt quy lut BACK
chung.

II. THIT K PHN


MM.

Bt u

Xut in ap iu
khin quat chay
nhanh nht
Y

LEFTMAX

P2.0 = 1

RIGHTMAX

N
P3.7 = 0

P3.7 = 1

N
Y

N
P3.6 = 0

N
Y

GIAM

10/14/15

P3.6 = 0

N
TNG

Dng
?

N
P3.5 = 0

P3.7 = 1

P3.7 = 0

P3.5 = 0

GIAM

TNG

Kt thuc

Dng
?

Lu thut toan chng


trnh chnh.

BACK
BACK

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