OWJ100101 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning ISSUE1.0

Internal
OWJ100101 WCDMA
Radio Network Coverage
Planning
ISSUE1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
All rights reserved
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the contents and process of network planning.

Understand the uplink budget and its elements.
Understand the downlink budget and its elements.
Familiarize the coverage enhancement technologies. .
All rights reserved
Page 2
Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

Chapter 2 Uplink Budget
Chapter 3 Downlink Budget
Chapter 4 Coverage Enhancement Technologies
All rights reserved
Page 3

1.1 Overview of Radio Network Planning
1.2 Huawei Concept of Radio Network Planning
1.3 Process of Radio Network Planning
All rights reserved
Page 4
Definition and Category of Network Planning

Definition:
Network planning means that proper network elements (NEs) are

selected according to the network target, network evolution
requirement, and cost, and then the quality, configuration, and
connection mode of the NEs are determined to facilitate engineering
implementation.
Categories:
Planning of core network

Planning of radio network
Planning of transmission network
Focus of the train:
Planning of radio network.
All rights reserved
Page 5
Importance of Radio Network Planning in 3G

Importance:
The construction cost of the mobile

communications network mainly lies in the
equipment investment. Among the three parts
of the 3G network (radio access network,
transmission network, and core network), the
radio access network takes more than 70%
investment. The investment in the radio
access network depends on the number and
configuration of the BSs, which are determined
by the radio network planning.
All rights reserved
Page 6
Compare WCDMA with GSM Network Planning

WCDMA uses the spread spectrum
In the GSM system, the structure and
frequency of the cellular network are planned

in order to ensure that the co-frequency and
adjacent-frequency interference meet the call
quality requirement.
If the interference requirement is met, the
number of supported subscribers can be

deducted based on the number of carrier
frequencies and the number of timeslots.
technology, so it can realize 11 frequency

multiplexing without frequency planning.
The capacity of each carrier in WCDMA is
"soft" because it is related to factors such as

environment and adjacent-cell interference.
The coverage of the WCDMA system is related
to the system load. If the system load

increases, the coverage will shrink.
The coverage of the GSM system depends on

The WCDMA system supports services with
the transmit power of the transmitter and the

demodulation performance of the receiver.
The GSM mainly offers voice service, and the
GOS and design objective are relatively

simple.
f1
f1
f2
f2
f3
f1
f2
f3
f1
f2
f1
f2
different rate and QoS, including voice service,

and their coverage capacity is different. In the
network planning, the system performance
shall be optimized through reasonable
planning and radio resource management.
f1
f3
f1
f1
f3
f1
f1
All rights reserved
f1
f1
f1
f1
f1
f1
f1
Page 7
f1
f1
f1
f1
f1
f1

All rights reserved
Page 8
Huawei Concept of Wireless Network Planning

Optimal coverage for profitable services
The 3G network is a multi-service network, so the network resources need be

distributed among different services. The cell radius and coverage scheme
shall be determined after the profitable services and their coverage quality
shall be determined. At the early stage of the 3G network, if the planning
focuses on high-speed data service, it will result in waste of many services; for
example, the BSs may go to waste because there are not enough services.
Optimal quality of core service
Core service refers to the service that have a long-term effect on the network
development. It is possible that the core service is not profitable in a short
period, but is the attraction of the subscriber increase and service
development, for example, high-speed data service. Therefore, the quality of
the core service should be guaranteed in order to exhibit the service and
performance advantages of the 3G network and promote the operator's brand.
All rights reserved
Page 9

Highest capacity based on limited resources
The capacity of the 3G network is mainly affected

by interference. Reasonable parameter planning
may help to reduce intra-cell and inter-cell
interference, improve the cell capacity, and make
full use of the limited resources. Huawei provides
reliable and effective power control and radio
resource management algorithm by using
abundant test data and advanced simulation
means. They are proved in many customer pilots
of Huawei around the world. Huawei has drawn
rich related experience.
All rights reserved
Page 10
Lowest overall cost of network construction
The construction of the radio network goes through

the lifecycle of the network. In the planning, further
development shall be considered, in order to
reduce the overall cost of network construction.
All rights reserved
Page 11

All rights reserved
Page 12
Process of Wireless Network Planning

Radio Network Dimension (RND)
At the early stage of the project planning, the future

network is preliminarily planned, and the configuration and
the number of RAN NEs are output for preliminary project
communion and for cost dimension in contract making.
Pre-planning of radio network
At the mid stage of project planning, based on the

dimension output, the future network is planned in detail,
and the accurate network scale and theoretical site
location are determined. A pre-planning report is output for
mid-stage project and cost dimension in contract signing.
All rights reserved
Page 13
Process of Wireless Network Planning

Cell planning of radio network
At the later stage of project planning, based on the

pre-planning output, each selected site is surveyed,
and the related cell parameters are determined. If the
result is quite different from the planning, the cell
parameters and planning effect should be checked
through simulation, and the output report shall be the
final radio network planning scheme that can guide
the project construction.
All rights reserved
Page 14
Process of Radio Network Planning

Process of radio network planning
All rights reserved
Page 15
Radio Network Dimension

Radio Network Dimension is a simplified analysis of the
future network.
Objective:
To obtain the network scale (Approximate BS
quantity and configuration), to obtain the
construction period, and to obtain information such
as electronical cost and human resource cost.
Method:
Select a proper propagation model, and subscriber
mobility, distribution, and traffic models, and then
estimate the site quantity, cell quantity, coverage
size and capacity.
All rights reserved
Page 16
Requirement of RND parameters

Information of coverage area
The engineers of RNP should know exact information about

coverage area ,for example :
Area , economy, population
Distribution of clutter
The information of mobile communication market
Target of network
The target of network should include several factors:

Service
Coverage area & Coverage quality
Network Capacity
Target lording of cell
All rights reserved
Page 17
Requirement of RND parameters
Limit to network scale & Building plan in different phase
Base on commercial contract

Base on RND result if without commercial contract
Information of available site
For a new operator that has no 2G mobile communication

network should not abundant site .So the engineer of RNP
should know exact information about available site.
All rights reserved
Page 18
Radio Network Dimension

Input
Output
Coverage information
System scale
Coverage area
Coverage probability
Capacity information
Site quantity
Coverage dimension
System configuration
Traffic model
Sector structure
Service model
Carrier quantity
Subscriber density
Quality information
QoS requirement
Network construction
Capacity dimension
Site cost
GoS requirement
Equipment cost
Demodulation threshold
cost
All rights reserved
Page 19
Radio Network Pre-planning

Based on radio network
dimension, the network preplanning intends to determine

the initial layout and theoretical
location of the BSs and select
engineering parameters (BS
location, network hierarchy,
transmit power, antenna
layout/type/direction/tilt angle,
and so on) and some cell
parameters (common channel,
transmit power of traffic
channel, orthogonal factor, cell
scramble, and so on) .
All rights reserved
Page 20

Base on the result of RND,
theoretical location of site,

parameters of project, parameters of
cell, We should carry out coverage
simulation.
We should carry out more careful
adjust (for example amount of

NodeB, configuration of NodeB,
antenna altitude, antenna azimuth)
after analyzing the results of
coverage simulation.
Finally ,we should get perfect
coverage result.
All rights reserved
Page 21

Radio Network Pre-planning report
We should output Radio Network Pre-planning report after finishing

foregoing jobs. Radio Network Pre-planning report should involve
several factors:
Introduce of project background
Information of planning area :area, population, cluster
Project of radio network pre-planning: site distribution map, site list
( include site name, latitude ,longitude, parameters)
Performance of project :base on the result of the simulation
Appendix: statistical diagram about performance
All rights reserved
Page 22
Radio Network Cell Planning

Flowchart of cell
planning
All rights reserved
Page 23
Radio Network Cell Planning site survey

In fact , perfect site position could not be acquired. We must select some spare
site. But how can we select the spare site?
Base on experience , spare site is selected in SEARCH RING scope , SEARCH
RING =1/4*R, at the same time ,we still consider altitudinal factor
We still pay attention to some factor when we select the spare sites :
Radio promulgation
Spare site position
Spare site latitude
ambient
Work implement
Space of room
Antenna install
Transmission factor
Power factor
Commercial factor
Rent
All rights reserved
Page 24
Radio Network Cell Planning System Simulation

System Simulation class
Static simulation
Static simulation should gain the
performance of radio network base
on snapshot
The example of Monto Carlo

simulation
Dynamic simulation
Dynamic simulation should gain the
performance of radio network base
on analysis to mobile subscribe.
At present, Static simulation is in common
use. Monto Carlo simulation is one type of

static simulations
All rights reserved
Page 25
The example about Monto Carlo simulation

Access ratio
100% 20%
0%
All rights reserved
75%
60% 100%
60%
Page 26
40%
Distribution of NodeBs
All rights reserved
Page 27
Simulation diagram pilot coverage intensity
All rights reserved
Page 28
Simulation diagram pilot coverage quality (Ec/Io)
All rights reserved
Page 29
Coverage probability of 12.2k voice service
All rights reserved
Page 30
Coverage probability of 64k video phone service
All rights reserved
Page 31
Coverage probability of 144k Net Meeting service
All rights reserved
Page 32
Coverage probability of 384k HTTP service
All rights reserved
Page 33
simulation result about pilot pollution
All rights reserved
Page 34
Summary of the Chapter

This chapter covers the following:
Category of radio network planning

Huawei concept of radio network planning
Difference between GSM network planning and WCDMA
network planning
Process of radio network planning
Input and output requirements of the radio network pre-planning
All rights reserved
Page 35

All rights reserved
Page 36
CapacityCoverageQuality
Relation among capacity, coverage, and quality of the WCDMA
system
The WCDMA system is a self-interference system, and its
capacity, coverage, and quality closely related to each other.
Capacitycoverage (e.g. cell breath)
If the load increases, the capacity and interference also
interference, and the coverage shrinks.
Capacityquality (e.g. outer loop power control)
The system capacity may increase by lowering the quality of
some connections.
Coveragequality (e.g. AMRC)
The coverage may increase by lowering the quality of some

connections.
All rights reserved
Page 37
Process of Coverage Budget

Create link budget
Maximum path loss
Obtain cell radius
Minimum cell radius
Environment features of the
planned area
Site capacity
Indoor coverage
Coverage probability
Propagation model
Calculate site area

Maximum site
Equipment performance
coverage area
Specify site quantity
of the area
Site quantity=planned area/site coverage area

All rights reserved
Page 38
Fundamental Principle
NodeB
TX
Ga_BS
Link Budget: Link
Pout_BS
Lc_BS
Combiner
Duplexer
Lf_BS
Feeder
L
_D
PL
L
_U
PL
RX
Ga_UE
UE
TX
Fading
Margin
Pout_UE
Combiner
Duplexer
Body Loss
Penetration
Loss
RX
All rights reserved
Budget intends to
estimate the
system coverage
by analyzing the
factors of the
propagation of the
forward signal
and reverse
signal, in order to
obtain the
maximum
propagation loss
after certain
communications
quality is ensured.
Page 39
Algorithm Introduction
Uplink (reverse)
PL_UL=Pout_UE +Ga_BS+Ga_UE Lf_BS+Ga_SHO Mpc Mf
MI Lp Lb S_BS
PL_UL: Maximum propagation loss of the Uplink
Pout_UE: Maximum transmit power of the traffic channel of the UE
Lf_BS: Cable loss
Ga_BS: Antenna gain of the BS; Ga_UE: Antenna gain of the MS
Ga_SHO: Gain of soft handover
Mpc: Margin for fast power control
Mf: Slow fading margin (related to the propagation environment)
MI: Interference margin (related to the designed system capacity)
Lp: Penetration loss of a building (used if indoor coverage is required)
Lb: Body loss
S_BS: Sensitivity of BS receiver (related to factors such as service and
multi-path condition)
All rights reserved
Page 40
Elements of WCDMA Uplink Budget

Max Power of TCH
Margin for Background Noise
Body Loss
SHO Gain over Fast Fading
Gain of UE Tx Antenna
Fast Fading Margin
EIRP
Minimum Signal Strength
Gain of BS Rx Antenna
Cable Loss
Noise Figure (BS)
EbvsNo Required (BS)
Sensitivity of BS Receiver
UL Cell Loading
Required
Penetration Loss
Std. dev. of Slow Fading
Edge coverage Probability
Slow Fading Margin
SHO Gain over Slow Fading
Interference Margin
Background Noise Level
All rights reserved
Page 41

1.Max Power of TCH (dBm)
For a UE, the maximum power of each traffic channel is usually the
nominal total transmit power. There are many types of UE in a
commercial network, so this parameters should be reasonably set in
the link budget according to the specifications of a mainstream
commercial cell phone and the requirement of the operator.
Grade of UE power TS 25.101 v3.7.0 2001-06 6.2.1
Power Class
Nominal maximum output power
Tolerance
+33dBm
+1/-3dB
+27dBm
+1/-3dB
+24dBm
+1/-3dB
+21dBm
+2/-2dB
All rights reserved
Page 42

2. Body Loss (dB)
For voice service, the body loss is 3 dB.

Because the data service mainly involves read and video, so
the UE is relatively far from body, and the body loss is 0 dB.
3. Gain of UE Tx Antenna (dBi)
In general, assume that the receiver gain and transmitter gain

of the UE antenna are both 0 dBi.
4. EIRP(dBm)
UE EIRP (dBm)
= UE Tx Power (dBm) - Body Loss (dB)
+ Gain of UE Tx Antenna (dBi)
All rights reserved
Page 43

5. Gain of BS Rx Antenna (dBi)
Kathrein 741794
Kathrein 741790
1710~2170MHz (dual
band for DCS and
UMTS)
Frequency range
1920~2170MHz
Polarization
Vertical
Polarization
+45, -45
Gain
11dBi
Gain
18.5dBi
HPBW
Vertical: 7
Horizontal: 63
Electrical tilt
Fixed, 0
Vertical:6.5
Dimension (Height)
1387 mm
Electrical tilt
Fixed, 2
Weight
5kg
Side lobe suppression for 1st side

lobe above horizon
>14dB
Front-to-back ratio, co-polar
>30dB
Dimension (Height / Width /

Depth)
1302 mm / 155 mm / 69
mm
Weight
6.6kg
Frequency range
HPBW (1920~2170MHz)
All rights reserved
Page 44

6. Cable Loss (dB)
It includes the loss of the feeders

and connectors between the cabinet
top and the antenna connector.
Lower jumper
Connector
Feeder
Upper jumper
Etc.
Except for the feeder, the loss is
relatively constant. Assume that the
feeder loss is 0.8 dB @ 2GHz.
7/8-inch feeder: 6.1 dB / 100m
5/4-inch feeder: 4.5 dB / 100m
All rights reserved
Page 45

7. Noise Figure (dB)
Noise figure (NF): It is used to measure the noise

performance of an amplifier. It refers to the ratio of the input
SNR to the output SNR of the antenna.
NF = SNRi / SNRo
= (Si / Ni) / (So / No)
Thermal noise of receiver (unit bandwidth):
PN = KTBWNF
= -174 (dBm/Hz) + 10lg(3.84MHz / 1Hz) + NF(dB)
= -108 (dBm/3.84MHz) + NF (dB)
All rights reserved
Page 46

8. EbvsNo Required (dB)
It is obtained through link simulation. It is related to the following:

Configuration of receive diversity
Multi-path channel condition
Bearer type
9. Sensitivity of BS Receiver (dBm)
Sensitivity of Receiver (dBm)

= -174 (dBm/Hz) + NF (dB) + 10lg(3.84MHz/1Hz)
+ EbvsNo required (dB) - 10lg[3.84MHz/Rb(kHz)]
= -174 (dBm/Hz) + NF (dB) + 10lg[1000 * Rb (kHz)] + Eb/No (dB)
All rights reserved
Page 47

10. Background Noise Level (dBm)
External electromagnetic interference sources:

Wireless transmitters (GSM, microwave, radar,
television station, and so)
Automobile ignition
Lighting
For the planning for a specific area, it is

recommended to estimate the local interference
through noise test.
All rights reserved
Page 48
11. Margin for Background Noise (dB)
Assume that the noise of a device (NodeB or UE) is X

dBm, and the external interference power is Y dBm, the
margin for the external interference can be calculated:
Margin for Background Noise =
10log (10^(X /10 )+ 10^(Y /10 )) dBm- X dBm
All rights reserved
Page 49

12. Penetration Loss (dB)
Indoor penetration loss refers to the difference between the average

signal strength outside the building and the average signal strength
of one layer of the building.
The penetration loss is related to building type, entrance angle of
the electric wave, and so on. In the link budget, assume that the
penetration loss is subject to the lognormal distribution. The
penetration loss is indicated by average penetration loss and
standard deviation.
It is uneconomical to provide better indoor coverage through an
outdoor BS. The indoor coverage shall be provided through a
pertinent indoor coverage solution.
In the actual construction of a commercial network, the penetration
loss margin is usually specified by the operator in order to compare
the planning results of different manufacturers.
All rights reserved
Page 50

13. Fast Fading Margin (dB)
In the link budget, the demodulation performance of the used receiver is

the simulation result based on the assumed ideal power control. In an
actual system, because of the limited transmit power of the transmitter,
non-ideal factors are introduced in the closed loop power control.
Effect of power control margin on the uplink demodulation performance:
The simulation shows the following: When the HeadRoom is large,
the target EbvsNo set in the outer loop power control is appropriate
to the simulation result under the ideal power control. As the power
margin decreases, the EbvsNo gradually increases (if the power
margin decreases by 1 dB, the required EbvsNo increases by about
1 dB). If power control performance is almost not available, the
BER/BLER cannot be ensured.
All rights reserved
Page 51

14. Edge coverage Probability
When the transmit power of a UE hits the threshold, but the path loss does
not meet the requirement for the lowest receive level, the link will be
disconnected.
For a UE at a distance of d, the link disconnection probability is as follows:
Pr_ outage( d ) Pr{Pmax _ UE PL( d ) S min }
Pr{Pmax _ UE 10 lg(d ) S min }
Pr{Pmax _ UE S min 10 lg(d ) }
Pr{ ( d ) }
(d) = Pmax_UE S_min 10lg(d) It refers to the difference between

the average loss of the paths at a distance of d and the allowed maximum
path loss for ensuring the connection.
The average fading component is 0, and the standard variation is
All rights reserved
Page 52

15. Slow Fading Margin (dB)
Key point: Property of normal distribution.
SF x dnorm x 0
SF_M x pnorm x 0
1
0.9
0.8
0.06
0.7
SF( x 8)
SF_M ( x 8)
0.6
SF( x 10) 0.04
SF_M ( x 10) 0.5
SF( x 12)
SF_M ( x 12) 0.4

0.3
0.02
0.2
0.1
30
20
10
10
20
30
20
16
12
Slow Fading Margin (dB) = required Edge coverage ProbabilityStd.

dev. of Slow Fading (dB)
All rights reserved
Page 53
12
16
20

16. Uplink Cell Loading
N
UL 1 i L j 1 i
EbvsNo
Rjv j
Uplink cell loading is used to measure the uplink load of a cell.

The higher the uplink cell loading, the higher the uplink interference.
If the uplink load is about 100% , the uplink interference becomes infinite,
and the corresponding capacity is the utmost capacity.
All rights reserved
Page 54

17. Uplink Interference Margin (dB) NoiseRise
I TOT
PN
1
N
1 Lj
1
1 UL
50% Load 3dB

60% Load 4dB
75% Load 6dB
All rights reserved
Page 55

18. SHO Gain over Fast Fading (dB)
The soft handover gain includes two parts:

Multiple related soft handover branches low the
required margin for fading, which results in multi-cell
gain.
Gain for the link demodulation of the soft handover
marco diversity combining gain.
The SHO Gain over Fast Fading refer to the macro
diversity combining gain.
This value is obtained through simulation. The typical
value is 1.5 dB.
All rights reserved
Page 56

19.SHO Gain over Slow Fading (dB)
As mentioned above, the soft handover gain

includes two parts:
Multiple irrelated soft handover branches low the
required margin for fading, which results in multicell gain.
Gain for the link demodulation of the soft
handover marco diversity combining gain.
The SHO Gain over Fast Fading refers to the macro
diversity combining gain.
This value is obtained through simulation.
All rights reserved
Page 57

20. Minimum Signal Strength Required (dBm)
After the interference factors and the factors

degrading the performance are considered, the signal
strength required by the correct demodulation is
receiver sensitivity in the network.
Minimum Signal Strength Required
= Sensitivity of Receiver (dBm) - Gain of Antenna
(dBi)
+ Body Loss (dB) + Interference Margin (dB)
+ Margin for Background Noise (dB) - SHO Gain over
fast fading (dB) + Fast Fading Margin (dB)
All rights reserved
Page 58

Summary: Cell edge path loss
Based on the maximum path loss allowed by the link,

the path loss median at the cell edge can be
calculated if the fading margin and soft handover gain
for providing the required edge/area coverage
probability and the penetration loss of indoor coverage
are considered.
Path Loss (dB) = [ EiRP (dBm) - Minimum Signal
Strength Required (dBm) ]- Penetration Loss (dB) Slow Fading Margin (dB) + SHO Gain over Slow
Fading (dB)
All rights reserved
Page 59

All rights reserved
Page 60
Fundamental Principle
NodeB
TX
Ga_BS
Pout_BS
Lc_BS
Combiner
Duplexer
Link Budget: Link
Lf_BS
Feeder
L
_D
PL
L
_U
PL
RX
Ga_UE
UE
TX
Fading
Margin
Pout_UE
Combiner
Duplexer
Body Loss
Penetration
Loss
Budget intends to
estimate the system
coverage by
analyzing the factors
of the propagation
of the forward signal
and reverse signal, in
order to obtain the
maximum
propagation loss after
certain
communications
quality is ensured.
RX
All rights reserved
Page 61
Algorithm
Downlink (forward)
PL_DL=Pout_BS Lf_BS+Ga_BS+Ga_UE +Ga_SHO Mpc Mf MI Lp
Lb S_UE
PL_DL: Maximum propagation loss of the downlink
Pout_UE: Maximum transmit power of the traffic channel of the BS
Lf_BS: Cable loss
Ga_BS: Antenna gain of the BS; Ga_UE: Antenna gain of the MS
Ga_SHO: Gain of soft handover
Mpc: Margin for fast power control
Mf: Slow fading margin (related to the propagation environment)
MI: Interference margin (related to the designed system capacity)
Lp: Penetration loss of a building (used if indoor coverage is required)
Lb: Body loss
S_UE: Sensitivity of UE receiver (related to factors such as service and
multi-path condition)
All rights reserved
Page 62
Elements of WCDMA Downlink Budget

Max Power of TCH
Margin for Background Noise
Cable Loss
SHO Gain over Fast Fading
Gain of BS Tx Antenna
Fast Fading Margin
EIRP
Minimum Signal Strength
Gain of UE Rx Antenna
Body Loss
Noise Figure (UE)
EbvsNo Required (UE)
Sensitivity of UE Receiver
DL Cell Loading
Required
Penetration Loss
Std. dev. of Slow Fading
Edge coverage Probability
Slow Fading Margin
SHO Gain over Slow Fading
Interference Margin
Background Noise Level
All rights reserved
Page 63

1.Downlink Cell Loading
Downlink cell loading factor is defined in two ways:

Downlink cell loading load at the receiver:
DL 1 j i j EbvsNo j j v j
W
1
N
This definition is similar to that of the uplink cell loading:

The higher the downlink cell loading, the higher the cell transmit
power, and the higher the receiver interference.
When the downlink cell loading is 100% , the corresponding capacity
is the utmost capacity of the downlink.
Downlink cell loading at the receiver: The ratio of the current cell transmit
power to the maximum BS transmit power. Characteristics:
The higher the downlink cell loading, the higher the cell transmit
power. The downlink cell loading is related to service type, UE
receiver performance, cell size, and BS capability.
Currently, the later definition is used in the link budget tool.

All rights reserved
Page 64

2.Downlink Interference Margin (dB)
Downlink interference at UE receiver:

NoiseRise( j )
I total
PN
N
PT
1
(1 j )
PT
PN
n 1 PL
PL j
j ,n
PN
The downlink load factor is:

J
E / N V R
DL b o j j j (1 j ) f DL , j
j 1
W
PL j ,own
n 1
PL j ,n
,where f DL , j =
The link budget tool uses the following typical values:

orthogonal factor : It is obtained through simulation. It is related to
j
environment type and cell radius.
Cell edge adjacent-cell interference factor : 1.78
All rights reserved
Page 65

All rights reserved
Page 66
Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA)
TMA
A TMA locate the position

under the antenna
A TMA is Low noise amplifier
A TMA helps to improve the
uplink receive sensitivity and
enhances the uplink coverage
A TMA usually has 0.7dB loss
in the downlink.
All rights reserved
Page 67
Academic calculation about TMA

Academic calculation about TMA improve the uplink receive sensitivity
All rights reserved
Page 68
The example of academic calculation about TMA

The example of academic calculation about TMA
improve the uplink receive sensitivity
Noise Figure
Gain
TMA
1.45
12
7/8"Cable30m + 0.6dB Connector

Loss
2.433
-2.433
NodeB
2.2
Gain 3.063dB for uplink when using TMA

Receiver Chain Noise Figure
Without TMA: 2.433+2.2 dB
With TMA 1.57 dB
All rights reserved
Page 69
4-antennas Receive Diversity

4 Antenna receive diversity
4 Antenna receive diversity has
two types
Two Cross-polar antennas
Four antennas
4 Antenna receive diversity
helps to improve the uplink receive

performance
improve the uplink coverage and
capacity performance
4 Antenna receive diversity need
equipment support
All rights reserved
Page 70

4RxDiv principle diversity gain
Resist fast fading

Correlation combination
Gain relates to multi-path
,service ,speed, antenna
performance
2RxDiv > 4RxDiv
Reduce the requirement about

Eb/No
All rights reserved
Page 71

Compared with a double-antenna receive diversity, 4-antenna
receive diversity requires lower Eb/No.

Gain of 4-antenna receive diversity (compared with double-
antenna receive diversity)
Area
Channel
Eb/No improvement
Capacity-based
gain
Coverage-based
gain
High-density
urban area
TU3
2.4
1.73
1.37
Common urban
area
TU3
2.4
1.73
1.37
Suburb
RA120
2.5
1.77
1.39
Rural area
RA120
2.5
1.77
1.39
All rights reserved
Page 72
Thank You
www.huawei.com

OWJ100101 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning ISSUE1.0

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

OWJ100101 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Planning ISSUE1.0

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the contents and process of network planning.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Definition and Category of Network Planning

Network planning means that proper network elements (NEs) are

Planning of core network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Importance of Radio Network Planning in 3G

The construction cost of the mobile

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Compare WCDMA with GSM Network Planning

In the GSM system, the structure and

frequency of the cellular network are planned

number of supported subscribers can be

technology, so it can realize 11 frequency

"soft" because it is related to factors such as

to the system load. If the system load

The coverage of the GSM system depends on

the transmit power of the transmitter and the

The GSM mainly offers voice service, and the

GOS and design objective are relatively

different rate and QoS, including voice service,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Huawei Concept of Wireless Network Planning

The 3G network is a multi-service network, so the network resources need be

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Huawei Concept of Wireless Network Planning

The capacity of the 3G network is mainly affected

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Huawei Concept of Wireless Network Planning

Lowest overall cost of network construction

The construction of the radio network goes through

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Process of Wireless Network Planning

At the early stage of the project planning, the future

At the mid stage of project planning, based on the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Process of Wireless Network Planning

At the later stage of project planning, based on the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved