Sexually Transmitted

Diseases
Chapter 18

Acquired
Immunodeficency
Leading cause of death in many
Syndrome
(AIDS)
parts of the world.

36 Million people around the world

are infected with Human
Immunodeficency Virus (HIV).
HIV is the virus which causes
AIDS.
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Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
(STDs)

Gonorrhea, genital warts,

chlamydia, herpes, and syphilis
have a high incidence among
Americans.
United States has the highest rate
of STDs among any developed
nations.
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HIV Infection and AIDS

By 2000, an estimated 650,000 1,000,000

Americans were believed to be living with HIV.
1 in 600 males and 1 in 800 females over the
age of 12.
What is HIV Infections?

HIV attacks and invades CD4 T-cells.

AIDS opens the possibility for a opportunistic
infections.
Once initial symptoms resolve, the asymptomatic
period may last from 2 to 20 years.

Transmitting the Virus

HIV lives only within cells and body fluids.

Transmitted by blood, blood products,
semen, vaginal and cervical secretions,
and breast milk.
Sexual contact.
Direct contact with infected blood.
Mother-to-Child transmission.
Not through casual contact.
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Symptoms of HIV Infection

HIV RNA assay.

Flu like symptoms.
Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia.
Kaposis sarcoma.

Diagnosing AIDS

Infection defined as an AIDS indicator.

Severely damaged immune system (CD4 T-cell counts).
Reporting.
Treatment.

Antiviral drugs.

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Zidovudine (AZT).
Protease inhibitors.
Highly active antiretrovial therapy (HAART).
Structured intermittent therapy.

Post-Exposure prophylaxis.
Treatment for opportunistic infections.

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Prevention

Make careful choices about sexual

activity.
Do Not share drug needles.
Participate in an HIV educational
program.

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Common Sexually
Transmitted Infections in
It is estimated that 20-25% of
College
college students are or have been
infected with an STD.

Most common:
Chlamydia.
Genital warts (HPV).
Herpes.

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Signs and Symptoms

If You or Your Partner Show
Any of These Signs See a
Physician

Bleeding
Boils
Burning sensation
Irritations
Odors
Pains
Pus
Sores
Tenderness
Urine changes

Warts
Blisters
Cervicitis
Growths
Itches
Painful intercourse
Rashes
Swellings
Ulcers
Vaginal yeast
infections

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Chlamydia Trachomatis

Bacterial infection

Can cause sterility in men and women

WOMEN infects the cervix and to urethra,
fallopian tubes & ovaries, PID, bladder
infections.
MEN- Epididymitis, urethra to testes, bladder
infections, watery discharge.

Symptoms ASYMPTOMATIC :

Discharge,
pain and burning while urinating, vaginal bleeding,
painful intercourse, abdominal pain, nausea, fever,
inflammation of rectum or cervix, swelling and pain in
the testes.

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Chlamydia Trachomatis

Spread - vaginal and anal intercourse,

from the
fetus

birth canal to the

Diagnosis - Examination of tissue

samples
or urine
Treatment - Both partners treated fully
with
antibiotics
Protection - Condoms and safe sex
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Chlamydia: Male

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Gonorrhea

Bacterial infection - Can cause sterility,

arthritis and heart problems

PID, can cause ectopic pregnancy,
premature labor and still birth,
arthritis, rashes
Symptoms Asymptomatic - Frequent
burning urination, menstrual irregularities,
pelvic pain, discharge
Males thick yellow-white discharge,
painful urination,
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Gonorrhea

Spread - Vaginal, anal and oral sex.

Diagnosis - Microscopic exam of

discharge.
Treatment - Oral antibiotics - People
often have chlamydia at same time.
Protection - Condoms and safe sex.

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Gonorrhea: Female

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Gonorrhea: Male

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Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease
Progressive infection that harms a
womens reproductive system. Can lead
PID
to sterility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic

pain - treated or not.

Caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Symptoms - long and painful periods,
discharge, spotting, low abdominal pain,
fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, pain
during intercourse.
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Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease
Treatment - Antibiotics, bed rest, sexual
PID
abstinence and maybe surgery to remove

scarring
Diagnosis - Pelvic Exam, cultures,
laparoscopy
Protection - Condoms and safe sex

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Human Papilloma Virus

Genital Warts

20 million men and women are

infected
Symptoms
How is it spread
Diagnosis
Treatment
Protection
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Genital Warts: Female

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Warts: Male

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Genital Herpes

Herpes-1 cold sores and fever blisters

Both can cause miscarriages or still births
along with serious health issues of newborns
Symptoms
How it is spread
Common symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Protections
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Herpes

Two forms - Herpes simples virus-1 and -2.

Type 1 is associated with cold sores and fever
blisters.
Both are sexually transmitted.
45 million have been diagnosed - 1 million per
year.
Remains in the body for life.
Symptoms - Recurring rash, pain ulceration's.

Primary outbreak - pain and discomfort around

infected area, itching, burning during urination.
2-20 days after infection - may years before outbreak.

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Herpes
Spread

- Touching, sexual intimacy -

including kissing, vaginal, oral and

anal sex
Diagnosis - Examination of sores and
culturing of fluid taken from sores
Treatment - No cure - symptoms are
relieved by drugs
Protection - Refrain for sex during out
break
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Herpes: Female

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Herpes: Male

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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Can cause liver disease and death

-Preventable with vaccination. 750,000
total acquired sexually

Symptoms - Extreme fatigue,

headache,
fever, hives, lack of
appetite, nausea,
vomiting,
tenderness in lower abdomen
Spread - Semen, saliva, blood and urine
Diagnosis - Blood Test
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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Treatment - None, clears up within 4-

8
weeks. Some remain
contagious for the
rest of their
lives.
Protection - No contact during infection.

Children and adults who do not have HBV

can get permanent protection with a
series of HBV vaccinations.

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Syphilis

Syphilis organism remains in the body for

life and leads to disfigurement, neurological
disorders, or death.
Effective antibiotics and condom use.
Symptoms - Primary phase- 3 weeks - 90 days -

painless sores and wet ulcers, swollen glands.

Secondary Phase - 3-6 weeks - up to 2 years
body rash, mild fever, fatigue, sore throat, hair
loss.
Late phase - Damage to organs and nervous
system.

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Syphilis: Female

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Syphilis: Male
Chancre on Penis

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Other STDs

Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Chancroid
Pubic Lice
Scabies

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Protection

Knowledge.
Communication.
Use a barrier defense.
Know your potential partner.
Ask. Are you ready to have sex?
Know the symptoms and know
your body.
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What You Can Do?

Education
Changing attitudes and sexual
behavior
Condom use

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Diagnosis and Treatment

Be alert for symptoms

Get tested
Inform your partners
Get treated

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Thank You

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