Elective Subject: I

B. Tech. IV (Civil Engg.) Semester - VII

CE 413 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

Dr. G. J. Joshi
Associate Professor
Section Head (Transportation Engg. & Planning)
Department of Civil Engineering
S.V.National Institute of Technology
Surat 395 007.
gj@ced.svnit.ac.in
09879564862

Background

Industrialisation: Whole mark of 20th Century

Accelerated Urbanisation

IT Wave in 21st century

Impact on urban landscape: Transformations in Form & Structure

Dynamics of Human Settlement System: Household Growth Rate

Predictions

Intricacies of Transportation Planning in Metropolitan Cities: Travel

Demand Assessment

National Urban Transport Policy (MoUD)

Institute of Urban Transport India

B.Tech. IV (Civil) Semester-VII

L

CE413: URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING (ES-I)

3
0

INTRODUCTION
(04 HOURS)
Urban transportation in India, need for planning, land use and traffic & their
interrelation, transportation planning process, systems approach.
TRANSPORTATION SURVEYS
(06 HOURS)
Study area, zoning, inventory, Classificational studies, cordon surveys, screen line
surveys, O D surveys, traffic impact studies, survey methods, sampling.
DEMAND FORECASTING
(15 HOURS)
Trip generation factors, trip generation models, rates, trip distribution and models,
Assignment techniques, modal split, mode choice modeling, land use transport
interaction models, Lowry and other models.
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
(10 HOURS)
Classification of public transportation system, Rapid transit, Para-transit, City bus
services, transport demand, planning & scheduling bus route network, public
transportation in India issues.
EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANS
(10 HOURS)
Transport economics fundamentals, Economic evaluation, Environmental Impact
Assessment, HDM-IV

COURSE OBJECTIVES
Students will be able to..
(Knowledge):List the surveys needed for transportation
planning, outline systems approach, urban area types and
urban roads, state transportation problems in cities, define
travel demand, outline guiding principles of National Urban
Transport Policy
(Comprehension):Classify the type of travellers, discuss the
principles of zoning, state sampling requirements, describe
urban transportation planning procedure, explain four stage
travel demand modeling methods and outcomes, classify
public transport systems, discuss land use transport
interaction models, explain concept of accessibility

COURSE OBJECTIVES
(Application): Prepare survey plan for travel behaviour study, apply
four stage demand models for travel demand forecasting, illustrate
role of different public transport systems depending on demand,
interpret link flow values for LoS analysis, apply Lowry land use
model for allocation of households and service employment
(Analysis): Analyse the effect of trip characteristics, travel mode
characteristics and trip makers characteristics on travel demand,
calculate share of different types of travel modes and routes,
illustrate effect of change in mode and route characteristics on the
modal split, Compare impact of various land use types on traffic
demand, examine influence of distribution of basic employment on
inter-zonal trip interchanges, analyse economic viability of transport
projects
(Synthesis):Construct transport improvement plan for short and
long term for the cities, derive transport system design variables, ,
synthesise population and employment location decisions

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Das Animesh, Chakraborty Parth, Introduction to Transportation Engineering,
Prentice Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003
Hutchinson B.G., Principles of Urban Transportation Systems Planning, Mc
Graw Hill Publishers, 1974
Kadiyali L. R., Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning, Khanna
Publishers, Delhi. 2008.
Khisty C.J., Lall B.K., Transportation Engineering An Introduction, Prentice
Hall, NJ, 2005
Papacostas C. S. , Prevedouros P. D. Transportation Engineering &
Planning, Prentice Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002
Sarkar P.K., Vinay Maity, Joshi G.J., Transportation Planning
Principles,Practices and Policies Prentice Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd,,New Delhi,
2015

COURSE OUTCOMES
Students will be able to plan and carry out transport
planning surveys in cities
Students will be able to synthesise NUTP goals with
transport planning practice
Students will be able to generate travel demand patterns
for a city based on the land use, transport network and
socio-economic data.
Students will be able to design transit system for a city
Students will be able to carry out economic evaluation of
transport projects

Module I: INTRODUCTION

The process of urbanisation involves tension

between the centripetal forces that tend to
pull population into urban agglomerations and
the centrifugal forces that tend to break up
such agglomerations.
Paul Krugman, 1996

Urbanisation

Physical growth of rural land into an urban area or the

expansion of an urban area

Census definition:
All statutory places with a municipality, corporation,
cantonment board or notified area committee, etc
A place satisfying three conditions simultaneously
A minimum population of 5000
At least 75 per cent of male working population
engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
A density of population of at least 400 persons per
sq. km.

Objective
ECONOMIC
GROWTH

INSUSTRIALISATION
URBAN
TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE

URBAN
HOUSING
INFRASTRUCTURE

GROWTH IN
POPULATION DENSITY
VEHICULAR POPULATION
AREA OF CITY
HUMAN ACTIVITY

URBANISATION CYCLE

URBANISATION

Urbanisation Scenario
Parameter

1951

2001

2011

Population (million)

361

1027

1210

Urban Population
(million)

62.4

285

375

Metropolitan Cities

35

41

Metro Population
(% of Total Population)

3.3%

10.5%

12.74%

Metro Population
(% of Urban Population)

18.8%

37.8%

41.1%

Ave. Population / Metro

2.35 mill.

3.08 mill.

3.76 mill.

TREND OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA

Class

Growth of urban areas in India

Population
No. of UAs
1971

1981

1991

2001

Above 1,00,000

148

216

296

423

50,000 to 1,00,000

173

270

341

512

20,000 to 50,000

558

738

927

1372

10,000 to 20,000

827

1053

1135

1560

5,000 to 10,000

623

739

725

1071

Less than 5000

147

229

185

227

2476

3245

3609

5165

Total

Source: Census of India Reports

TREND OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA

Growth of population of Metropolitan Cities

Ministry of Urban Affairs

TREND OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA

Population Growth Rate (% per annum)

Year

Urban-Rural
Growth Rate
Difference

Total

Rural

Urban

1951-1961

1.96

1.87

2.35

0.48

1961-1971

2.22

1.98

3.24

1.25

1971-1981

2.20

1.76

3.80

2.04

1981-1991

2.14

1.82

3.12

1.30

1991-2001

1.93

1.66

2.70

1.04

2001-2011

1.65

1.16

2.80

1.64

Population Projections
2011

2021

Total Population
(Million)

1257

1451

Urban Population
(Million)
Urbanisation

419

538

33 %

37%

41

51

Metro - cities

BASIC FEATURES OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA

Urbanization is mainly a product of demographic explosion
and poverty induced rural - urban migration.
Rapid urbanization leads to massive growth of slum followed
by poverty, unemployment, degradation in the quality of
urban life.
Urbanization occurs not due to urban pull but due to rural
push.
Poor quality of rural-urban migration leads to poor quality of
urbanization
Distress migration initiates urban decay

Transportation Engineering is the application of technological and

scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and
management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to
provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical and
environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
- The Institute of Transportation Engineers, USA (1987)

Roles of Transportation
Economic
Social & Cultural
Military
Political

Generic Functions of Transportation System

Accessibility
Movement Efficiency (Mobility)

Place Utility
Time Utility
Quality Utility

Accessibility

What is Planning ?
Activity or process that examines the potential of future
actions to guide a situation or a system towards a desired
direction.
Aspects of Planning:
For attainment of positive goals or avoidance of problems
Concerned with future actions
Implementation of actions as conceived and on schedule is
not guaranteed
Time lag between actions taken and effects felt

Principle Divisions
Urban Transportation
Rural Transportation

LAND USE

INTERACTION

TRAFFIC

TRANSPORTATION

Evolution of Understanding : Land Use And

Transport
Urban Traffic is a function of land use.
Mitchel and Rapkin,1954
Different kind of land use generate different amounts
and kinds of Traffic
The Pattern Traced By Traffic is closely related to the
manner in which building are arranged.
Buchanan, 1963
Commuter flows are closely dependent up on the
location and size of the work place and of the home
areas.

MISC.
SOCIAL

FUN

EDUCATOIN

HOME

BUSINESS

SPORTS

INTRA- CITY ACTIVITIES

WORK

Census 2011
Decadal population growth rate has
declined to 17.64%
Pop 2011: 1.21 billion
Rural population growth rate 12.18%
Urban pop growth rate 31.80%
Bihar: Highest decadal pop growth rate:
23.90%

URBANISATION & TRANSPORT DEMAND

Economic Growth Industrialisation Urban Growth Transport Demand

Growth

Urban Areas : Growth Engines: 55% to 85% share in GDP

Rural Urban Migration

Average URGD (1951 2001) : 1.22 %

Trip Rate increment: 2 2.5% p.a.

Simultaneous densification and expansion in spatial dimension

Changes in the socio economic characteristics of city households, land

use and travel pattern.

Urban Transportation Issues:

Indian Context

Urban population and number of class I cities expected to be double and

urban transport demand expected to be triple by 2021.

Supply Demand Gap

Inadequate public (mass) transportation

Role of intermediate Public Transport (IPT- Para Transit) for small and
medium sized towns

Absence of organized bus service in most of the cities

Major travel by personal modes of travel like 2W, 4W

Severe congestion excessive automobile pollution energy consumption

Neglect of pedestrians and bicyclists; the large segment of urban transport

Non / sub optimal use of road capacity: traffic engineering & management

Urban Transport Policy

Preparation of integrated land use-transport plan

Establishment of institutional arrangement(UMTA)
Strengthening of public transport
Provision of non-motorised transport
Traffic management measures
Facilities like peripheral expressways, bypasses, flyovers
and cycle tracks
Provision of transport nagars , bus terminals
Intelligent transport systems

Circa 2051

Towards Sustainable Development.