Never

happened
in history
First time
to be
happened

...

Most worst
attack of
humanity
Had never
expected
by anyone

What is MANAGEMENT ????

THE word MANAGEMENT is divided into 3 parts i.e.

MANAGE- MEN- T here T denotes for things.

Management is a art of getting work done by others

effectively & efficiently for the achievement of organization
goal

Management thought has a long history. It is as old as

human civilization itself. Management in one form or the
other has been a significant feature of economic life of
mankind throughout ages. Management thought is an
evolutionary concept It has develop along with and in line
with the growth of social, political, economic and scientific
institutions.

Importance of
Management
1. It increases the efficiency of
workers
2. Making good relation
3. It helps in decision making
4. It helps in coordination

Evaluation of Management
Thought

CLASSICAL SCHOOL NEO CLASICAL SCHOOL MODERN SCHOOL

-: Scientific
management

-:Human
relation
approach

-:System
approach

-:Administrative
-:Contingeapproach
-:Behavioural
ncy
Science
approch
-:Bureaucratic
approach
approach

CLASSICAL APPROACH
Focuses on the
individual workers
productivity

Focuses on the
functions of
management

Focuses on the
overall
organizational
system

A) Bureaucracy
Max Weber (1864-1920)
A German Social Scientist
Legitimate
Authority

Principles
o Division of work
o Rules and Regulations
o Hierarchy of Authority Traditional
o Technical Competence
o Record Keeping
Rational
o Impersonal Relations

Charismatic

B) SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT: Taylor

B) SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT: Taylor
FOUR PRINCIPLES

C) Administrative Theory
Henry Fayol (1841-1925)

Father of Adminstrative Management

His Contributions
o 6 Business Activities
o 5 Management Functions
o 14 Principles
Business Activities
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

Technical
Commercial
Financial
of business
Accounting
Security
Managerial Activity

Operating activities

Most Neglected

FAYOLs PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT

1. Division of work

Neo classical Approach

It is also called BEHAVIORAL

APPROACH. The behavioral
approach to management
began with the Howthorne
experiment.

Neo Classical
Theories
It includes:1. Elton Mayos Human Relation
Management (1927-1932)

2. Douglas Mc-Gregars contribution in

X and Y theory
3. Abraham Maslow's contribution

Human Relations Approach

-:Focus on the social environment of a job
-:Refers to the manner in which managers

interact with
subordinates
-:Managers must know why subordinates behave
as they do
-:Importance of individuals in success or failure of
an organization
-:Management should recognize employees need
for recognition and social acceptance
-:Management should look on work group as a
positive force.

HIERARCHYs HUMAN NEEDS

NEED FOR SECURITY
PHYSIOLOGICAL
SELF ESTEEM
SOCIAL
NEEDS
RELATIONS

Theory X v. Theory Y
Figure 2.3

Theory X
Employee is
lazy
Managers
must
closely
supervise
Create strict
rules &

Theory Y
Employee is
not lazy
Must create
work setting
to build
initiative
Provide
authority to
workers

Theory Z

William Ouchi researched the cultural

differences between Japan and USA.
USA culture emphasizes the individual, and
managers tend to feel workers follow the Theory
X model.
Japan culture expects worker committed to the
organization first and thus behave differently than
USA workers.

Theory Z combines parts of both the

USA and Japan structure.

Managers stress long-term employment, workgroup, and organizational focus.

Contribution of ELTON MAYO

Hawthorne Experiment
Four phases

Illumination experiment
Relay room experiment
Bank wiring observation
Interview program

Effect of Hawthorne Studies

Employees are
motivated by social
needs and association
with others

Employees performance
is more a result of peer
pressure than
managements incentives
and rules

Employees want to
participate in decisions
that affect them

Managers need to
involve subordinates
in coordinating their
work to improve
efficiency

CONTINGENCY THEORY
There is no One Best Way to manage all the situations.