The 3rd Generation (3G)

Standardization:
International
Telecommunication
Union
Global Mobile
Personal
Communication
by Satellite

Time & Frequency

Future Public Land Mobile
Telecommunication Systems

International Mobile
Telecommunications

IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications
Fig. 1 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 3)

1G

2G

(analog)

(digital)

Paging Systems,
e.g. City Call

Paging Systems
e.g. ERMES

Cordless Telephone
e.g. CT1, 1+

Cordless Telephone
e.g. DECT, PACS, PHS

wireless
Telephone cell

Wireless
Local Loops
WLL

Private Mobile Radio

PMR

PMR
e.g. TETRA

Cellular systems
e.g. C450, NMT, AMPS

Cellular systems
e.g. GSM, D-AMPS,
IS-95, PDC

MSS
e.g. INMARSAT

MSS
e.g. IRIDIUM, ICO,
Globalstar

different, incompatible standards for

different applications, countries & regions

IMT-2000
3G
1 family of standards
for all
applications
countries

e.g. UMTS, cdma2000, UWC-136

worldwide, seamless access
terrestrial & MSS component
Compatibility: IMT-2000 family
downwards-compatible with 2G
Fixed Mobile Convergence FMC
high data rates
Multi Media applications
CS & PS
low price & flexible access for
developing countries!
Fig. 2 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 5)

IMT-2000 Development:
regional Standards Development Organisations

ETSI

TIA, T1

(Europe)

ARIB, TTC
(Japan)

(USA)

0
0
0
2
T
M
I
:
ITU

CATT
(China)

TTA
(South Korea)

ESA, Iridium
(MSS)

ICO, Inmarsat
(MSS)
TIA: Telecommunication Industry Association
T1: Standards Committe T1 Telecommunications
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standardization Institute
ICO: Intermediate Circular Orbits
Inmarsat: International Maritime Satellite Organisation

1985: Start ITU studies on FPLMTS (IWP8/13)

1992: Frequency reservation in WARC`92
1990 - 95: TG 8/1 defines FPLMTS requirements
ESA: European Space Agency
TTA: Telecommunications Technology Association
CATT: China Academy of Telecommunication Technology
ARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Business
Fig. 3 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 7)

ITU-Deadline
fr RTT Proposals:
30.06.98

RTT proposals
for IMT 2000

South Korea

Europe
ETSI:

TTA: CDMA II
CDMA I
SAT-CDMA

UTRA
DECT

China
CATT: TD-SCDMA

Japan

USA
TIA: UWC-136
WIMS W-CDMA
cdma2000
T1: NA: W-CDMA
T1, TIA: WP-CDMA

ARIB: W-CDMA

MSS
ICO:

ICO RTT

Inmarsat: Horizons
ESA:

SW-CDMA
SW-CTDMA

Iridium: INX
RTT: Radio Transmission Technology

Source: ITU
Fig. 4 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 9)

Proposal

Description

Indoor

Pedestrian

DECT

Digital Enhanced Cordless

Telecommunications

ETSI

UWC-136

Universal Wireless Communications

USA TIA

WIMS
W-CDMA

Wireless Multimedia and Messaging

Services Wideband CDMA

USA TIA

TD-SCDMA

Time-Division Synchronous CDMA

China CATT

W-CDMA

Wideband CDMA

Japan ARIB

CDMA II

Asynchronous DS-CDMA

South Korea TTA

UTRA

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access:

W-CDMA

ETSI

NA: W-CDMA

North American: W-CDMA

USA T1P1

cdma2000

W-CDMA (IS-95+)

USA TIA

CDMA I

Multiband synchronous DS-CDMA

South Korea TTA

SAT-CDMA

49 LEO sats in 7 planes at 2000 km

South Korea TTA

SW-CDMA

Satellite wideband CDMA

ESA

ESA

SW-CTDMA Satellite wideband hybrid CDMA/TDMA

VehiSatellite
cular

Source

ICO RTT

10 MEO sats in 2 planes at 10390 km

ICO

Horizons

Horizons satellite system

Inmarsat

WP-CDMA

Wideband Packet-CDMA

T1 & TIA

INX

Iridium Next Generation

Iridium

R
T
T
P
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
s

Source: ITU

Fig. 5 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 11)

IMT-2000
RTT Harmonization
CDMA II, W-CDMA
NA: W-CDMA
UTRA, WIMS

Source: ITU

CDMA2000
CDMA I

TD-SCDMA

CDMA FDD

TDMA/CDMA

UTRA (FDD)
WP-CDMA
CDMA2000

(Hybrid TDD)

June `98

TDMA
UWC-136
DECT

TD-CDMA
(UTRA TDD)

March `99

TD-SCDMA

Paired:

Unpaired:

EDGE
UTRA TDD
UTRA FDD TD-SCDMA
MC-CDMA

FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

TDD: Time Division Duplex
DS-CDMA: Direct Sequence CDMA
MC-CDMA: Multicarrier CDMA
TD-SCDMA: Time-Division Synchronous CDMA

UWC-136
DECT

(former
CDMA2000)

December `99
12/99 ITU:
TG 8/1 closed &
WP 8F founded: 3.5G / 4G studies

Fig. 6 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 13)

Frequency reservation
Europe,
Africa,
Australia

250

500

1G & 2G systems

750

1G (NMT, C450,..)
possibly 2G: GSM450

1000

1250

1500

GSM900
+ GSM-R

1750

2000 frequency [MHz]

DECT
MSS
GSM1800

America
1G: AMPS,
2G: D-AMPS, IS-95

MSS

2G: GSM1900,
IS-95, D-AMPS

Japan
1G + 2G: PDC
Remaining frequencies < 2 GHz:
Military, Industry, Broadcast, TV, Research,
private (households, amateurs),...

2G:
PDC

MSS

PHS

WARC-92: 3G Plans
1980 2010

cellular
1885

2170

MSS

cellular MSS
2110

2025

Frequency range [MHz]

2200

WARC: World Administrative Radio Conference

Fig. 7 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 15)

Regional 3G Reservation
1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

2010 MHz
IMT 2000

WARC-92

GSM 1800 DECT

MSS

UMTS

1880 MHz
1918 MHz

Japan;
S. Korea

2110 MHz

2025 MHz

1885 MHz

Europe

IMT 2000

MSS

PHS

like WARC-92

2170 MHz

MSS

UMTS

1980 MHz

IMT 2000

MSS

2170 MHz

MSS

IMT 2000

MSS

1895 MHz

USA,
Canada

(C,E reserved)

PCS1900
MSS
A C B EF C
A CB E F C
1910
1850

1900

1930
1950

reserved

1990 MHz
2000

MSS

2160 MHz
2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

Source: UMTS Forum Report #5

Fig. 8 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 17)

WRC-2000

additional 3G frequency ranges

to be used from 2005

05/2000 in Istambul

world-wide Harmonisation
of 3G frequency ranges

only some
countries

Harmonisation / Extension:
Refarming 2G frequencies

cellular
698

806

(important for rural service areas)

Frequency range [MHz]

960
Harmonisation / Extension:
Refarming 2G frequencies

cellular
1710

1885
1980 2010

cellular
1885

2170

WARC92

MSS

2025

cellular MSS
2110

cellular
2500

China only:
2300 - 2400 MHz

2200

Extension band
2690
Fig. 9 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 19)

The 3rd Generation (3G)

Universal Mobile

World-wide,
seamless
Multimedia access

Telecommunication System

UMTS
Standardisation & Concept
Fig. 10 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 21)

ETSI
UMTS: GSM
successor standard
devised in SMGs
(Special Mobile Groups)
GSM900/1800/1900
GSM-R, UMTS

1996/97: studies on UMTS

(1. Phase UTRA conception)
06 - 12/97: Evaluation of
5 Concepts
(2. Phase UTRA conception)
01/98: Select & concept
01 - 06/98: Harmonisation
FDD & TDD
(3. Phase UTRA Conception)
06/98: Submission of UTRA
RTT proposal to ITU
05/98: Harmonisation by
ETSI / ARIB

12/98: 3GPP founded

for
developing, approving
& maintaining
common UMTS specification

Fig. 11 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 23)

Start of UMTS Standardization

UMTS
Standardization

ETSI
European Telecommunication
Standards Institute

ARIB/TTC

TTA

Association of Radio Industries

& Business / Telecommunication
Technology Committee, Japan

Telecommunications Technology
Association, South Korea

TSACC

GSA

Telecommunication
Standards Advisory Council
of Canada

Global Mobile Supplier

Association

3GPP

TIA

3rd Generation
Partnership Project

Telecommunication
Industry Association,
USA

ACIF

UMTS
Forum

UWCC
WMF

Australian Communications
Industry Forum

Universal Wireless
Communications
Consortium

Wireless Multimedia
Forum

CWTS

3G.IP
Forum

China Wireless
Telecommunications
Standards

ANSI T1
Committee T1
Telecommunications

IPv6
Forum

MWIF
Mobile Wireless
Internet Forum

GSM
Association
Organisational Partner
MPR: Market Representation
Partner
Observership status

Fig. 12 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 25)

3GPP
Structure
TSG CN

PCG

TSG SA

Core Network

Services & System

Aspects

CN WG 1

SA WG 1

MC/CC/CS (Iu)

Services

CN WG 2

SA WG 2

CAMEL

Architecture

CN WG 3
Interworking with
External Networks

SA WG 3
Security

CN WG 4

SA WG 4

MAP/GTP/BCH/SS

Codec

CN WG 5
OSA (Open
Service Architecture)

TSG: Technical
Specification Group

Project Co-ordinating Group

TSG RAN

TSG GERAN

Terminals

Radio Access
Network

GSM EDGE
RAN

T WG 1

RAN WG 1

Mobile Terminal
Conformance testing

Radio Layer 1
specification

TSG T

T WG 2

RAN WG 2

Mobile Terminal
Services & capabilities

Radio Layer 2 & 3

(RR) spec.

T WG 3

RAN WG 3

USIM
(Universal SIM)

Iub, Iur, Iu spec. &

UTRAN O&M requirem.

RAN WG 4
Radio performance &
Protocol aspects

GERAN WG 1
Radio Aspects

GERAN WG 2
Protocol Aspects

GERAN WG 3
BS Testing and O&M

GERAN WG 4
MS testing

SA WG 5
Telecom Management

Fig. 13 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 27)

Source: 3GPP

The UMTS Standard

Numbering:

GSM
Rel. 99
Specification

Specification
TS: Technical Specification
ab.cde: Series . Number

3G
Release 1999
Specification

Derived from GSM-Spec.:

GSM-Series +20; c = 0

e.g.: GSM 07.07 3GTS 27.007

Fig. 14 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 29)

3G only

3G TS ab.cde

3G TS: Series
21-Series: Requirements Specifications (Overview, Infos,..)
22-Series: Service Aspects
23-Series: Technical Realisation
24-Series: Signalling Protocols (UE - CN)

GSM
GSMSeries
Series11- -12
12
closed
with
Rel.
99
closed with Rel. 99

25-Series: UTRA Aspects

26-Series: Codecs (Speech, Video,..)
27-Series: Data
28-Series: Signalling Protocols (RSS - CN)
29-Series: Signalling Protocols (NSS)
30-Series: Program Management

GERAN:
GERAN:Series
Series41
41- -55
55
R4
R4(Rel.`2000)
(Rel.`2000)onwards
onwards

31-Series: USIM
32-Series: Operation & Maintenance
33-Series: Security Aspects
34-Series: Test Specifications
35-Series: Confidentiality & integrity algorithms

TS: Technical Specifications

Fig. 15 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 31)

UMTSconcept:
4 zones

Zone 4: Global
Zone 3:
Suburban / Rural
Zone 2:
Urban

MSS

144 kbit/s
1000 km/h

Macro
Cell

Micro
Cell

144 kbit/s

384 kbit/s

500 km/h

120 km/h

Zone 1:
Indoor
Pico
Cell

max.
2048 kbit/s data rate

10 km/h

max.
speed

Fig. 16 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 33)

UMTS
Fixed network
Terminal

100

Applications
Data rates
2G / 3G comparison

MBS

0.1

Fixed network

Data rates [Mbit/s]

10

(Mobile Broad
Band System)

WLAN

3G

UMTS
(FDD & TDD Services)

2G TDD

(DECT, W-PBX, WLL)

2G FDD

0.01

cellular systems (GSM, IS-95,..)

office / floor

Building, halls

Hot Spots

Pedestrian

Vehicles

stationary

stationary

stationary

Low mobility

High mobility

Indoor

Outdoor
Source: UMTS Task Force Report
Fig. 17 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 35)

UMTS
Licensing
Licensing in:

Finland 03/99
Spain, GB: 1Q2000
NL, D, F, I: 3Q2000
EU15: closed until
end of 2000
Japan: 1Q2001

UMTS
TDD
1900

1920

UMTS FDD (UL)

Licensing methods / conditions

free of charge / beauty contest
(e.g. Finland, Spain)
Auctioning: e.g. GB, D, NL, I
annual fee: e.g. France
available (mostly) for 15 years

Licenses
Licenses(EU15):
(EU15):

22xx60
60MHz
MHzpaired
pairedband
band(FDD)
(FDD)
35
35MHz
MHzunpaired
unpaired(TDD)
(TDD)
bandwidth:
bandwidth:55MHz
MHz

12
FDD
packets
12 FDD packets++77TDD
TDDpackets
packets
UMTS
Forum
SAG
requests
per
UMTS Forum SAG requests peroperator:
operator:
min.
2
x
15
MHz
FDD
+
1
x
5
MHz
min. 2 x 15 MHz FDD + 1 x 5 MHzTDD
TDD
EU15:
EU15:44- -66Licenses
Licenses
(e.g.:
F,
Fin.,
Spain:
(e.g.: F, Fin., Spain:4;4;GB,
GB,NL:
NL:5;5;D:
D:6)6)

UMTS
TDD
1980 2010

UMTS FDD (DL)

2025

2110

frequency range [MHz]

2170

Fig. 18 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The Third Generation (3G), 37)