PHASES AND STAGES OF

TEACHING
Submitted by
ANJUMOL SHAJU
1st year B.Ed
Physical Science

Phases of teaching
Teaching is a complex task. For performing this
task, a systematic planning is needed. Teaching
is to be considered in terms of various steps and
the different steps constituting the process are
called the phases of teaching.

Jackson divides the teaching act into three

phases

TEACHING

Pre-Active Phase
(Planning Stage)

Interactive Phase
(Implementation
Stage)

Post-Active
Phase
(Evaluation
Stage)

teaching
operations

phase

PREACTIVE
PHASE 1

FIXING UP THE GOALS

AND CONTENT

DECISION ABOUT STRATEGY

DIAGNOSIS OF THE
LEARNER

TEACHING

INTERACTIVE
PHASE-2
ACTION AND
REACTION

POST ACTIVE
PHASE-3

Phase of teaching

APPROPRIATE
TESTING
DEVICES
FEEDBACK
TO
TEACHING

PRE-ACTIVE PHASE
Pre-active stage is before actual classroom
teaching.
A teacher has to perform many tasks such as
Preparing lesson plans
Arranging furniture and equipment within the
classroom
Manning papers, studying test reports.
Reading sections of a textbook and thinking
about the aberrant behavior of a particular
student.

T.O.( TEACHING
OBJECTIVES)

L.E. (LEARNING
EXPERIENCES)

C.B. (CHANGE OF
BEHAVIOUR)
Teaching operations at pre-active

stage

Following operations or sub stages are involved

1. Forming or fixing up goals.
2. Taking decisions about the content
3. Managing or sequencing appropriate means and ways
of presentation
4. Deciding about appropriate strategies and tactics of
teaching
5. Developing teaching strategies for the specific subject
matter.

Inter-active stage
This is actual classroom teaching
The teachers uses a number of
strategies for achieving the goals
already set.
Behavior of the teacher is more or
less spontaneous.
Things happen quickly during the
teaching session.

Operations at the Inter-active Stage

The inter-active stage of teaching involves the following
1. perceiving the size of the class by the teacher to identify
students.
2. diagnosing the achievements of the learners.
3. action or achievements (initiation or response). This involves the
following operations
In the above paradigm:
a. Selection of stimuli.
b. Presentation of the stimuli.
c. Feedback of reinforcement.
d. Development of strategies of teaching.

teaching operations at inter-active stage

T
TEACHER

P
PRESCRIPTIVE

D
DIAGNOSIS

S
STUDENT

A
ACHIEVEMEN
T

Post-active Stage
The post-active stage concerning
evaluation provides necessary
feedback too the teacher and the
students in bringing desirable
improvement in their performance.
It is related with both teaching and
learning.
It is in the fact the assessment of the
interactive process.

Following operations are involved at the post-active stage of

teaching
1.
2.

Assessing the suitability of the objectives determined.

Deciding regarding reteaching the content or further taking up the
contents.
3. Assessing the suitability of the instructional material and aids.
4. Assessing the impact of the classroom environment and effecting desired
changes.
INTER-ACTIVE
All the above mentioned three phases
of teaching are closely inter-related.
PRE-ACTIVE

LINGUISTIC
Dp
Rp
Pt

FIXATION OF
GOAL

Dt

Pp

POST-ACTIVE

Rt

PERFORMATIVE

Pp

FEED BACK

Rp

DETERMNATIO Pt
Dt
Rt
N OF CONTENT
EXPRESSIVE

Dp

Pp

Dp
Rp
BEHAVIORAL
CHANGES OF
Pt
Dt
Rt

1. Pt stands for the teachers perception of the pupils behaviour.

2. Dt is the teachers diagnosis of the pupils state of interest readiness
knowledge etc., made by interference from the behaviour of the pupil.
3. Rt is the action taken by the teacher in the light of his diagnosis
4. Pp is the pupils perception of the teachers behaviour.
5. Dp is the pupils diagnosis of the teachers state of interest what he is
saying and is the inferred from the teachers behaviour.
6. Rp is the reaction of the pupil to the action of the teacher.
Each unit marked off by the double vertical line is an example
of a teaching unit.
Each unit consists of a teacher-pupil interaction. There are two
sub-units within the teaching cycle which are divided by single vertical line.
The sub unit (Pt
Dt
Rt) is referred to as an act of teaching.
The sub unit (Pp Dp
Rp) is what we call the act of learning or
taking instruction.
The act of teaching and the act of taking instruction are reciprocating
acts and when performs under appropriate conditions they result in behavioral
changes or achievement.