Department Of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name
Designation
Branch
Institute
Year / Semester
Subject
Subject Code
Topic
Duration
Sub Topic
Teaching Aids
Revised by

: Praveen Kulkarni
: Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering
: Mechanical Engineering
: Q.Q. Govt. Polytechnic, Hyderabad
: IV semester
: Hydraulics & Fluid power systems
: M406
:Properties of fluids
:50 Minutes
:Fluid-Compressible & incompressible
fluids
: Diagrams
: Ch.Ramjee, HMES, APT, Kakinada
9M406.1

Objectives
On the completion of this Period, you would be able
to
Define Fluid
Differentiate between compressible and incompressible fluids

9M406.1

Definition Of A Fluid
A fluid is a substance
which is capable of
flowing under the action
of shear stress (however
small it may be)

Matter

Solids

Fluids

Liquids

9M406.1

Gases

Compressible And Incompressible Fluids

A fluid is said to be compressible, if its density
varies with pressure
A fluid is said to be incompressible, if its density
does not vary with pressure
Gases are compressible fluids
Liquids are considered as incompressible for general
purposes

9M406.1

Types of fluids
1) Ideal fluids:
The fluid which is incompressible and has no viscosity is
known as the ideal fluid. Since the ideal fluid has no
viscosity there wont be any effect of temperature on it.
However, the ideal fluid is only an imaginary fluid,
because all the fluids have viscosity and there is no fluid
that doesnt have viscosity

9M406.1

Types of fluids
2) Real fluid:
The fluid which has certain value of the viscosity is called
as the real fluid. In practice all the fluids are real fluids
because all of them have viscosity, small or high. For the
real fluids which are liquids the viscosity reduces as the
temperature increases and for the real fluids which are
gases, the viscosity increases as the temperature increases

9M406.1

Types of fluids
3) Newtonian fluid:
The real fluid that obeys that Newtons law of viscosity is
called as Newtonian fluid. As per the Newtons law of
viscosity the shear stress between various layers of the
fluid is proportional to the rate of shear strain or the
velocity gradient

9M406.1

Types of fluids
4) Non-Newtonian fluids:
The real fluids that do not obey the Newtons law of
viscosity are called as non-Newtonian fluids. In such fluids
the shear stress between the various layers of fluid is not
proportional to the rate of shear strain or the velocity
gradient

9M406.1

Types of fluids
5) Ideal plastic fluid:
The fluid in which the shear stress is more than the yield
value and shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear
strain or velocity gradient is known as ideal plastic fluid

9M406.1

Summary
In this class, we have discussed

Concept of fluid
Difference between compressible and incompressible fluids
Types of fluids

9M406.1

10

Quiz
1) A fluid is a Substance that
(a) is always incompressible
(b) always expands until it fills any container
(c) Flows under the action of any shear force
(d) none of the above

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Quiz
2. Consider the following Statements
(i) Liquids are generally incompressible
(ii) Gases are generally Compressible
(iii) A fluid is said to be compressible if its density remains
constant w.r.t. pressure
of these statements
(a) (i) alone is correct
(b) (ii) alone is correct
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) Correct
(d) (i) and (ii) are correct

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12

Frequently Asked Questions

1.

What is a fluid?

2.

What do you mean by a compressible fluid, give

examples
What do you mean by a incompressible fluid. Give
examples

3.

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