eddy purnomo / 620438

jatinangor november 2006

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MATERI KULIAH
PENDAHULUAN
PRINSIP2 DASAR CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Cekungan sedimen vs Plate tectonic
Mekanika lithosfer
MEKANISME PEMBENTUKAN CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Lithosperic stretching
Flexure
Strike slip deformation
THE SEDIMENTARY BASIN FILL
Faktor pengontrol
Depositional style
EVOLUSI CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Subsidence history
Thermal history
APLIKASI DALAM INDUSTRI E & P MIGAS

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Cekungan Sedimen vs Plate Tectonic

Lithospheric Stretching / Divergent Plate Movement : rifting
& passive margin basin
Lithospheric Flexure / Convergent Plate Movement : foreland
basin, oceanic trench basin
Transform / Strike Slip Related Basin : pull apart basin
Cekungan dengan genesa pembentukan yang sama akan
mempunyai kesamaan sejarah pengendapan yang sama

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Lingkungan Pengendapan
Akumulasi dari faktor internal dan eksternal
Kondisi lingkungan pengendapan tercetak didalam batuan sedimen,
satuan batuan dengan karakter fisik, kimia dan biologi tertentu ~
facies (Steno, 1669)
Gressly, 1938 ~ facies : satuan batuan dengan karakteristik litologi
dan paleontologi tertentu
Facies modelling ~ analisis dari data batuan dikaitkan dengan proses sedimentasi modern
Profil vertical batuan ~ profil lateral

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CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Faktor Autigenic (Tectonic)

Faktor Allogenic (MAL, Iklim, Organisme)

Terrestrial Continental : Fluvial, Aeolian, Lacustrine
Transitional : Delta siliciclastic , Coastal carbonat
& evaporite
Marine : Shelf (siliciclastic carbonate) , Deep Marine

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CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Terrestrial Continental : Fluvial, Aeolian, Lacustrine
Transitional : Delta siliciclastic , Coastal carbonat
evaporite to siliciclastic
Marine : Shelf (siliciclastic carbonate) , Deep Marine

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Fluvial System
Sensitif thd iklim & tektonik (rate of subsidence up lift slope)
Meandering, Braided, Straight & Anastomosed
Braided river : high variable discharge, steep slope, bed load
Meandering river : stable discharge, low slope, suspended load
Straight river : low high discharge, steep slope, subsidence>>
Anastomosed river : Stable channel, up lifting >>>

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Aeolian System
Low rainfall, low humidity, fluktuasi temperatur >>, Arid area
Physical weathering >> chemical weathering
High energy sandstone (700 meter thick Permian Jurasic
Navayo sst Utah Arizona), through X bed
Gurun (Erg) Sabkha

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Lacustrine System
Sensitif thd iklim
Isolated basin
Chemical biochemical sediment : organic rich shale,
anhydrite, stromatolitic lst, oolitic pisolitic grainstone
Kerogen type I / oil prone
Rift basin pull apart basin
Laut mati (salinity >>>>)

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CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Terrestrial Continental : Fluvial, Aeolian, Lacustrine
Transitional : Delta siliciclastic , Coastal carbonat
evaporite to siliciclastic
Marine : Shelf (siliciclastic carbonate) , Deep Marine

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Delta System
Sensitif terhadap pengaruh fluvial & marine
River dominated delta, wave dominated delta, tidal dominated delta
Transgressive delta : TAF, Fm Tanjung, Fm Ngimbang
Regressive delta : Fm Keutapang, ABF, Fm Balikpapan
Fm Tabul Santul Tarakan
Passive margin basin

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Coastal System
Sensitif thd MAL (wave & tidal)
Siliciclastic carbonate to evaporite sediment
Siliciclactic Coastal System
Active tectonic area
Carbonate evaporite Coatal Syatem
Stable area (relatif)

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CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
Terrestrial Continental : Fluvial, Aeolian, Lacustrine
Transitional : Delta siliciclastic , Coastal carbonat
evaporite to siliciclactic
Marine : Shelf (siliciclastic carbonate) , Deep Marine

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Shelf System
Sensitif thd MAL (wave, tide, oceanic current & storm)
Siliciclatic carbonate (platform reefs)
Siliciclastic shelf system
Wave, tide, oceanic current & storm dominated shelf
Tide dominated shelf ~ tidal channel
Wave dominated shelf ~ clean and coarse sands
Storm dominated shelf ~ muddy sediment @ innershelf
Oceanic current dominated shelf ~ longitudinal ribbons
coarse sediment

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Shelf System
Carbonate (platform reefs) shelf system
Rimmed shelf & open shelf (ramp )
Rimmed shelf : ideal place for reefs growths (pinacle)
Open shelf : patch reef (sensitif terhadap wave & tidal
current). Contoh : Arabian shelf
Reefs ~ organism growth
Growth stages : Pioneer, Colonization, Diversification
Domination stage
Keep up, Catch up & give up phase

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BARAT

TIMUR

BUDIYANI2000

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Deep Marine System

Slope apron, Submarine fan & Basin plain
Very fine grain sediment coarse grain / turbidit
Low stand system track
Reservoir ~ thick v thick
Source rock
Seals
Stratigraphic structural trap

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BASINS RELATED TO DIVERGENT MOTION

Intra cratonic sags early rifting basin
Rift basin
Failed rift basin
Passive margin basin

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INTRACRATONIC SAGS
Slow subsidence rate

No or very weak tectonic activity

Continental depositional system shallow marine system
Siliciclastic (fine v coarse grain) shallow carbonate / reefs
anhydrite

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RIFT BASIN
Slow subsidence rate in early phase rapid subsidence in main rift

Syn sedimentation structures was developed intensively

Terrestrial Lake / Lacustrine in early phase, deltaic sediment in main
rift phase & shallow marine in post rift phase
Rifting phase followed by volcanic activities
Fm Talangakar, Fm Balikpapan Kampungbaru, Fm Tabul Santul
Nigerian delta (12.000 meter thick)

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NORTHWEST JAVA BASIN

Seribu
Platform

ARJUNA SUB-BASIN

JAVA SEA
JAKARTA

TNG-JTN
High

RDK
High

North Cemara
Low

Jatibarang
Low

SUB BASIN
CIPUTAT

SUB BASIN
JATIBARANG

Kepuh
Low Pasirbungur
Low

Babadan
Low

AJW High

Sumber data: rekayasa94

PASIR PUTIH SUB BASIN

CIPUTAT SUB BASIN

Tangerang-Jatinegara
High

C i p u ta t
Low

Rengasdengklok
High

Kepuh
Low

Cilamaya
High

Pasirbungur
Low

JATIBARANG SUB BASIN

Pamanukan
High

Cipunegara
Low

KandanghaurGantar High

Arjawinangun High

Jatibarang Low

Build-up carbonat
Parigi

Cisubuh
Formation

Parigi carbonate
build-up

Baturaja

Cisubuh
Formation

Upper Cibulakan

Talangakar

Volkanik
Jatibarang

Talangakar Formation

Basement

CIPUTAT LOW

KEPUH LOW

CIPUNEGARA LOW

SUB CEK. JATIBARANG

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NE

NE

SW

Top Parigi
Top Upper Cibulakan

TUM TOP TAF

Top BRF
TAF
JTB
BSMNT

PASIR BUNGUR LOW

INDEX MAP

CIPUNEGARA LOW

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FAILED RIFT BASIN ~ AULACOGEN

Rifting has been aborted before sea floor spreading &

passive margin development

Miocene rift (western part of Sunda land)
Generally capped by shallow marine sag sedimen

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NE

NE

SW

Top Parigi
Top Upper Cibulakan

TUM TOP TAF

Top BRF
TAF
JTB
BSMNT

PASIR BUNGUR LOW

INDEX MAP

CIPUNEGARA LOW

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PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN

Delta deep Marine depositional system

Growth structures (listric normal fault, slumps, slides)

Shale diapirism
Prolific petroleum system
Oil gas prone source rock
intraformational shale as a seal
Rollover listric normal fault

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BASINS RELATED TO CONVERGENT MOTION

Convergent arc related basin : fore arc & back arc
Foreland basin (peroipheral vs retroarc type)
Oceanic trench

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FORE ARC BACK ARC BASIN

Dipisahkan oleh magmatig arc

Fore arc basin more stable than back arc basin

Fore arc basin : low heat flow, fine grain sediment carbonate,
shallow marine / shelf (Sunda land), lean basin except @
siliciclastic Myanmar basin
Back arc basin : high heat flow, siliciclastic carbonate, very
prolific basin, terrestrial deep marine facies

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FORELAND BASIN
Related to the collision zone
Rapid depositional system : immature sediment,
rapid subsidence, normal fault related
Terrestrial deep marine
Zagros folded belt
Peripheral vs retroarc type

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Critical
Ma
Petermoment:
& Cassa,250
1984)

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SE

NW
Ofiolit
Fm. Pooh

Tiaka
Field

Donggi Field
Fm. Biak

?
?

Geological Cross Section

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OCEANIC TRENCH BASIN

Deep Marine depositional system
Related to the subductin zone
Olistrotome - melange sediment
Basalt, peridotite, chert, pelagic Lst, turbidite etc
Highly tectonized area
Less potential for oil & gas

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STRIKE SLIP BASIN

Pull apart basin
Narrow deep basin
Lacustrine shallow marine
Rapid facies change
Non marine sediment at basal sequence and transitional /
shallow marine at the top sequence
Central Sumatra basin

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Samuel & Gultom, 1984

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Samuel and Gultom (1984)

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Samuel and Gultom (1984)

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TERIMA KASIH
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