Electric Machines IIIA

COURSE EPM 405A

FOR
4th Year Power and Machines
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Lecture 01

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

Contents

Reference Frame Theory

Three Phase Induction Machine
Modeling
Synchronous Machine Modeling
Dynamic Preformance of
Synchronous machines.

Grading System

30 grade for term activities

Mid Term Exam 15 grades

Section evaluation 10 grades
Lecture and Matlab Reports 5 grades

70 grade for final exam

Teaching assistant: Eng. Mokhtar
Lectures: Saturdays 2nd slot

References

Analysis of Electric Machinery and

Drive Systems, Paul C. Krause.

Reference Frame Theory

Introduction
The voltage equations that describes the performance of
the induction and synchronous machines are based on
the differential equation

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

Reference Frame Theory

Introduction
Some of the machine inductances are function of the
rotor speed (position) whereupon the coefficients of
the differential equations that describe the behavior of
these machine are time varying.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

Reference Frame Theory

Introduction

A change of variables is often used to reduce the complexity of

the differential equations.
There are several changes of variables that are used.
All changes of variables used to transform real variables are
contained in one transformation.
This general transformation refers machine variables to a frame
of reference that rotates at an arbitrary angular velocity.
All known real transformations are obtained from this
transformation by simply assigning the speed of the rotation
of the reference frame.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

Reference Frame Theory

Background:
Parks transformation

It formulates a change of variables which, in effect, replaced the

variables (voltages, current and flux linkages) associated with
the stator winding of a synchronous machine with variables
associated with fictitious windings rotating with the rotor.
The synchronous machine has inductances which are time varying
due to
1- Electric circuits in relative motion
2- Electric circuit with varying magnetic reluctance (due to rotor saliency).

This transformation has the unique property of eliminating the

time varying inductances from the voltage equations of the
synchronous machine.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

Reference Frame Theory

Background:
Stanleys transformation

It formulates a change of variables to the time varying

inductances in the voltage equations of the induction
machines (due to electric circuits in relative motion).
It eliminates the time varying inductances of the induction
machine by transforming the variables associated with the
rotor windings (rotor variables) to variables associated with
fictitious stationary windings.
This means that the rotor variables are transformed to a frame
reference fixed in the stator.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

Reference Frame Theory

Background:
Krons transformation

It formulates a change of variables to the time varying

inductances in the voltage equations of the induction
machines (due to electric circuits in relative motion) by
transforming both the stator and rotor variables to a
reference frame rotating in synchronism with the
rotating magnetic field.
This reference frame is commonly referred to as the
synchronously rotating reference frame.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Reference Frame Theory

Background:
Brereton's transformation

Employed a change of variables that eliminate the time

varying inductances of a symmetrical induction
machine by transforming the stator variables to a
reference frame fixed in the rotor.
This is essentially Parks transformation applied to
induction machines.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Reference Frame Theory

Background:
All in One; arbitrary reference frame:

Park, Stanley, Kron and Brereton transformations are

actually a derivation -as previously mentioned- from
one general transformation that eliminates all time
varying inductances by referring the stator and rotor
variables to a reference frame that may rotate at any
arbitrary angular velocity or remain stationary.

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Reference Frame Theory

Equations of Transformation:
Change of Variables:

where

It can be shown that the inverse transformation is given by:

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Reference Frame Theory

Equations of Transformation:
Change of Variables:

where

It can be shown that the inverse transformation is given by:

or

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Reference Frame Theory

Equations of Transformation:
Change of Variables:

Although the transformation of the arbitrary reference frame is a

change of variables and needs no physical connotation, it
often convenient to visualize the transformation equations as
trigonometric relationships between variables.
fas, fbs and fcs, can be thought as the direction of magnetic axes of
the stator windings.
fds and fqs can be considered as the direction of the magnetic axes
of the new windings created by the change of variables.
It is important to notice that f0s variables are not associated with
the arbitrary reference frame. It is related to the abc variables
independent on .

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Reference Frame Theory

Equations of Transformation:
Change of Variables:

The total instantaneous power may be expressed in abc variables

as:
The total power expressed in the dq0 variables must equal the
total power expressed in the abc variables;
Applying the transformations yields for:
The 3/2 factor comes due to the choice of the constant in the
transformation.
It will be noticed that the waveform of the total power is the
same regardless of the reference frame in which it is
evaluated

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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Next Lecture

CHAPTER I
Reference Frame Theory Contd

Dr. Amr AbdAllah

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