12 Gbas

G B A S
Table of contents
1. GBAS Definitions
2. GBAS Overview
3. GBAS Basic Configuration
4. GBAS Data Messages
5. Differential Corrections
6. FAS
7. GAST Definitions
Table of contents
8. GAST elements
9. Differences of Safety and Reliability
10. Signal-in-space performance requirements
11. Differences of GBAS and ILS in safety
12. Inspection and Certification
13. GBAS Threat
14. Magnetic latitude
Table of contents
15. SED
16. Plasma bubble
17. Ionospheric effects at GBAS
18. Current GBAS Program (USA)
19. Current GBAS Program (EURO)
20. Current GBAS Program (JAPAN)
21. Kansai INTL GBAS Prototype by ENRI
Table of contents
22. GBAS Aircraft Equipage
23. ISTF
GBAS Definitions
GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation System
An augmentation system in which the user receive
augmentation information directly from a ground-based
transmitter. (ICAO Annex10 )
GBAS Functions (ICAO ANEEX10 )
a) provide locally relevant pseudo-range corrections
b) provide GBAS-related data
c) provide final approach segment data when supporting
precision approach
d) provide predicted ranging source availability data
e) provide integrity monitoring for GNSS ranging sources
The Project for the Capacity Development for Transition to the New CNS/ATM Systems in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam
http://www.newcnsatm.com
GBAS Overview
Core satellite
(GPS,GLONASS)
Ionospheric delay
Tropospheric delay
Aircraft subsystem
Augmentation information
Ground subsystem
GBAS Basic Configuration

Aircraft subsystem
Position
and
Navigation
Processing
unit
Core satellites
(GPS,GLONASS)
GPS Antenna
VDB Antenna
VDB
Receiver
Augmentation information
VDB Antenna
GPS Antenna
VDB
Transmitter
Data
processing
unit
Reference
Ground
Ground
Ground
Receivers
Stations
Stations
Stations
Ground subsystem
GBAS Data Messages

Message
Type
Message Name
Differential Corrections
(100sec smoothed pseudoranges)
GBAS Related Data
Null Message
Final Approach Segment (FAS)

Construction Data
Terminal Area Path (TAP)
Construction Data
Ranging Source Availability (optional)
Reserved For Carrier Corrections
Reserved For Military
Reserved For Test
11
(30sec smoothed Pseudo-ranges)
101
GRAS Pseudo-range Corrections

(As defined in ICAO SARPs Annex 10)
Source: RTCA DO-246D
Corrected Pseudo-range
Pseudo-range Correction
Range Rate Correction
Message Type 1
Compute positioning
(x, y, z) above WGS-84
VDB
Facilities
ICAO SARPs ANNEX10 APPENDIX B
RTCA DO-246D
10
FAS
FAS (Final Approach Segment)
WGS-84 ECEF coordinate system
(x, y, z)
RUNWAY coordinate system

(x, y, z)
Y
RUNWAY
Message
Type 4
VDB
Facilities
TCP
Source: RTCA DO-246D Figure 2-8

11
FAS
Lateral deviation
Vertical deviation
RUNWAY coordinate system

(x, y, z)
Lateral DDM (LOC)

Vertical DDM (GS)
B787 PFD
(Primary Flight Display)
RUNWAY
GARP
CW
GRP
Lateral DDM
Lateral deviation
Vertical DDM
Vertical deviation
GRP
GPA
Earths
surface
WGS-84
Ellipsoid
TCP
Source: ENRI GBAS Introduction JUN,2012
12
GAST Definitions
GAST (GBAS Approach Service Types)
As matched set of airborne and ground performance and
functional requirements that are intended to be used in
concert in order to provide approach guidance with
quantifiable performance. (RTCA DO-253C)
GAST-A
for operations to APV l performance
GAST-B
for operations to APV ll performance
GAST-C
for operations to CAT l performance
GAST-D
for operations to CAT II/ lll performance

with specific aircraft integration assumptions
Source: EUROCOMTROL GBAS Introduction Technical and Operational Overview
RTCA DO-253C
13
GAST elements
Core satellite
Aircraft
subsystem
Ground
subsystem
AAST
FAST
GAEC
GFC
GAST
Source: RTCA DO-253C
14
Differences of Safety and Reliability

Safety and Reliability is another concept.
Reliability is high, Safety is high. It is almost correct. But
a) Reliability
Ability of a system to perform the required functions
For example, MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures),
MTTR (Mean Time To Repair)
b) Safety
State in which the risk is suppressed to an acceptable level
ENRI Electronic Navigation Research Institude

15
Signal-in-space performance requirements

ICAO SARPs Annex 10 requirements
a) Accuracy
b) Integrity
c) Continuity
Safety
d) Availability
Source: ICAO SARPs

Annex 10 Table 3.7.2.4-1
16
Differences of GBAS and ILS in safety

a) The integrity fault in ILS
For example, ILS radiates false guidance signals
Monitor do not work.
That radiation can not cease.
The integrity fault can be calculated from rate
of the monitor unit of ILS.
Integrity can be calculated from the failure rate of the unit of ground equipment.
b) The integrity fault in GBAS

For example, Increase in error due to the ionospheric effects
only at aircraft
The alert does not occur in the aircraft and
Ground subsystem.
It is necessary to ensure the alert by the external factors.
ENRI
17
Inspection and Certification

Traditional navigation equipments (ILS, VOR, DME, NDB)
a) Manufacturing inspection of the factory
b) Flight inspection of installation adjusted
Inspection: Performance evaluation at a point in time
GNSS systems (SBAS, GBAS)
a) Verification during development
b) Verification of product
c) Verification of operation
Certification: By evaluating the risk, and verify that it satisfies
the requirements for safety.
ENRI
18
GBAS Threat
< Internal factors >
a) GBAS ground subsystem failure
< External factors >
a) Core satellite or satellites stations failure
Satellite orbit
Systems with satellite (Transmission, Atomic clock )
Broadcasting data
b) Ionospheric effects
SED
Plasma bubble
Larger Impact
19
Magnetic latitude
Magnetic latitude is a geomagnetic coordinate system based
on geomagnetic field.
Geographical
latitude
Magnetic latitude
Magnetic equator
Geographical longitude
ENRI
20
SED
SED (Storm Enhanced Density)
a) Ionospheric disturbances associated with geomagnetic
storm
b) Rapid increase in the ionospheric electron density
c) It accompanies that large gradients in the ionospheric
delay
In the North American continent, in 2002
ENRI
21
Plasma bubble
Plasma bubble
a) Bubble that occurs after sunset
b) Rapid decrease in the ionospheric electron density
c) It accompanies that sharp gradients in the ionospheric
delay.
Source: ENRI Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC) EN-042

22
Ionospheric effects at GBAS

The delay at the aircraft , the delay at the Ground Stations is
different.
Ionosphere gradient
Ionospheic delay
Ionospheic delay
at the aircraft
Ionospheic delay
at the Ground Stations
Ground
Stations
23
Current GBAS Program (USA)

GBAS CAT I Implementation
a) Honeywell has received two GBAS CAT I SDAs.
(Sept 2009, SLS-4000 / Sept 2012, SLS-4000 Block I change)
b) FAA approved as operational systems in USA.
Newark GBAS was operational approved on September 28, 2012.
(Newark airport for public)
Houston GBAS was operational approved on April 22, 2012.
(Houston airport for public)
Moses Lake GBAS installation owned by Boeing private system for
production testing. FAA/Boeing have planned CAT III validation
activities
using this system. (Moses Lake airport for private)
FAA: IGWG14_2.1-2.3 FAA GBAS Update

24
Current GBAS Program (USA)

GBAS CAT III Implementation
a) Prototype ground system installed at Atlantic City based on the
SLS-4000.
b) FAA efforts were directed to focus on GBAS CAT III.
Potential non-Fed design approval in Jul, 2016.
Approval will be based on ICAO SARPs baseline.
FAA: IGWG14_2.1-2.3 FAA GBAS Update

25
Current GBAS Program (EURO)

a) Bremen GBAS was operational approved on February 09, 2012.
b) It is considering a SESAR project to assess advanced concepts based
on GBAS for Displaced Thresholds (DT) and RNP transition to GLS.

a) Prototype ground system installed at Toulouse site and Frankfurt.
b) It has been considering a SESAR project to identify operational needs
and requirements for GBAS-based CAT II/III operations,
GBAS CAT II/III OSED (Operational Services and Environment
Description) draft is available now.
EUROCONTROL: IGWG14_2.5 SESAR 6.8.5 presentation v1.0

IGWG14_3.2_DFS GBAS Status
IGWG14_2.7 SESAR 15.3.6 Status
26
Current GBAS Program (JAPAN)

a) Prototype ground system installed at Kansai INTL.

a) Prototype ground system will install at New Ishigaki airport in SEP,
2013 .
ENRI
27
Kansai INTL GBAS Prototype by ENRI

VDB Antenna
Ground Stations
GPS
Antenna
Data processing
Equipments
GPS
Receiver
IFM
VDB Transmitter
ENRI
28
Kansai INTL GBAS Prototype by ENRI

Oct 2008 :
a) Started prototype development
2008-2009 :
a) Design and Development
2010 :
a) Installed at Kansai-International airport
b) Started long term data collection and evaluations
2011 :
a) Parameter optimization
b) Flight experiments with airline aircraft B787
IGWG13_5.4_NEC GBAS Status_ProtType GAST-C
IGWG12_WS4.5_ENRI and ANA GBAS B787 experiments
29
GBAS Aircraft Equipage

GBAS Aircraft Equipage (JUL,2013)
Airbus
A380 : GBAS Option (Available)
A320 : Family GBAS Option (Available)
A330 / A340 : GBAS Option (2012)
A350 : GBAS Option (2014)
Boeing
B727-200 : GBAS Fedex STC
B737-NG
B737-NG : GBAS Option (Available)
B747-8 : GBAS Standard (Available)
B787 : GBAS Standard (Available) B787
A380
A320
A330/340
A350
B747-8
flyGLS.net : http://www.flygls.net/
IGWG14_5.2 GLS Airbus status
IGWG14_5.1 Boeing Presentation
30
ISTF
ISTF (ICAO Asia and Pacific Ionospheric studies task force)
a) ICAO plans to use aviation navigations based on GNSS,
such as GBAS and SBAS. ICAO recognizes a necessity to
evaluate the ionospheric effects on such navigations.
b) ICAO Asia and Pacific have discussed about the effect of
low-latitude ionospheric disturbances such as plasma
bubble since 2009 and established the ISTF in Jul, 2011.
NICT High-resolution ionospheric total electron content

observations using dense GNSS receiver networks
31

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G B A S

GBAS Basic Configuration

GBAS Data Messages

GBAS Related Data

Final Approach Segment (FAS)

Ranging Source Availability (optional)

Reserved For Carrier Corrections

Reserved For Military

Reserved For Test

GRAS Pseudo-range Corrections

RUNWAY coordinate system

Source: RTCA DO-246D Figure 2-8

RUNWAY coordinate system

Lateral DDM (LOC)

for operations to APV l performance

for operations to APV ll performance

for operations to CAT l performance

for operations to CAT II/ lll performance

Differences of Safety and Reliability

ENRI Electronic Navigation Research Institude

Signal-in-space performance requirements

Source: ICAO SARPs

Differences of GBAS and ILS in safety

b) The integrity fault in GBAS

Inspection and Certification

In the North American continent, in 2002

Source: ENRI Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC) EN-042

Ionospheric effects at GBAS

Current GBAS Program (USA)

FAA: IGWG14_2.1-2.3 FAA GBAS Update

Current GBAS Program (USA)

FAA: IGWG14_2.1-2.3 FAA GBAS Update

Current GBAS Program (EURO)

GBAS CAT III Implementation

EUROCONTROL: IGWG14_2.5 SESAR 6.8.5 presentation v1.0

Current GBAS Program (JAPAN)

GBAS CAT III Implementation

Kansai INTL GBAS Prototype by ENRI

Kansai INTL GBAS Prototype by ENRI

GBAS Aircraft Equipage

NICT High-resolution ionospheric total electron content

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