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bones,
muscles,
cartilage,
ligaments,
tendons,
joints.
and
posture,
gait,
bone
Normally,
the joints are bilaterally
equal in size, shape, and color; are free of swelling,
pain,
nodules, or crepitus (grating sounds on movement);
and
can move through full ROM.
Abnormal findings
Deformity
limited ROM indicating
injury,
arthritis of the affected joints or bones, and
muscle pain and/or weakness caused by injury or
disease.
Equipment
Goniometer
Tape measure
Health History
History
Muscle
Positions
standing,
sitting,
supine.
and
Muscles
Muscles
Inspect
Muscles
Inspect
No
contractures
Malposition
muscles
Inspect
tremors
Presence
of tremor
Assess
Sternocleidomastoid:
Client turns the head to one side against the
resistance of your hand.
Repeat with the other side.
Trapezius:
Client
Deltoid:
Triceps:
Grip strength:
Hip muscles
Hip abduction:
Client
Hip adduction:
Client
Hamstrings:
Quadriceps:
Abnormal findings
atrophy
(a decrease in size),
tremors (involuntary movements), and
flaccidity (without tone) of muscles.
loss of strength and tone,
decreased range of motion,
Uncoordinated movements,
swelling, and pain.
musculoskeletal
disease,
trauma,
a
neurologic disease.
Bones
Bones
Inspect
No
deformities
Bones
misaligned
Palpate
tenderness or swelling
may indicate
fracture,
Osteoporosis
trauma,
degenerative joint disease,
musculoskeletal disease,
neurologic disease.
Joints
Joints
Inspect the joint for
swelling.
Each
Assess
Varies
Limited
Ask
The
OLDER ADULT
Loss of muscle mass and strength
Decreased range of motion
Kyphosis
Decreased height
Osteoarthritic changes in joints