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1 Warm-Up
1. How is anatomy different from physiology?
Ch. 1 Warm-Up
1. List the functional characteristics necessary to
maintain life.
Ch. 1 Warm-Up
1. What is the anatomical position? Describe or
draw it.
2. How are the following cuts or planes made?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Frontal
Oblique
Transverse
Sagittal
Objectives:
Subdivisions of Anatomy
Gross or Macroscopic
parts visible to naked eye
eg. regional, surface, systemic
Microscopic
Cytology: study of cells
Histology: study of tissues
Developmental
eg. embryology study changes that occur before
birth
Physiology
Focuses on events at cellular or molecular level
Chemical & physical principles
Survival Needs
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal Body Temperature (98.6F or 37C)
Atmospheric Pressure
Homeostasis
Maintain relatively stable internal conditions
Receptor (input) control center effector
(response)
Negative (-) feedback: reduces effect of stimulus
Eg. body temp, breathing rate, blood sugar levels
Anatomical Position
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palm face
forward, thumbs pointing out
Superior (cranial)
Inferior (caudal)
Ventral (anterior)
Dorsal (posterior)
Medial
Lateral
Intermediate
Proximal
Distal
Superficial (external)
Deep (internal)
Axial
Appendicular
Saggital plane
Midsaggital/median
Parasaggital
Frontal (coronal)
plane
Transverse
(horizontal) plane
Oblique section
Directional Terms
Directional Terms
Directional Terms
Regional Terms
Axial: main part of body
= head, neck, & trunk
Appendicular: limbs
attached to axis
Frontal/coronal plane:
plane divides into
anterior/posterior
Transverse/horizontal plane:
plane divides into
superior/inferior
Oblique:
Oblique diagonal cuts between horizontal &
vertical
kidneys
brain
thigh
heart
chest
(lungs + heart)
head
Body Cavities
Dorsal body cavity:
Cranial cavity
Vertebral/spinal cavity
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic
lungs, heart, trachea,
esophagus
Abdominopelvic
digestive, reproductive,
urinary
Membranes
Serosa:
Serosa lines ventral
body cavity & outer
surfaces of organs
Parietal serosa lines
cavity wall
Visceral serosa folds
in; covers organs in
cavity
Serous fluid:
fluid lubricates
space between
membranes
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Abdominopelvic Regions