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Saudi ARAMCO Scaffold Safety


(General Instruction 8.001)
Purpose:
To establish the minimum safety-related technical
requirements for temporary elevated work areas,
ladders, and scaffolds.
Scope:
Covers the design, erection, use, alteration, and
dismantling of temporary elevated work areas, ladders,
and supported or underhung scaffolds with fixed
platform heights. The types of scaffolds covered are
those commonly use within Saudi Aramco, including
tube and coupler, fabricated tubular frame, system,
bracket, underhung, and manually propelled mobile
scaffolds.
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STANDARDS
New Saudi ARAMCO standard and General Instruction

G.I. 8.001

Gulf Standard (mandatory)

GS 217/1994 (or later)

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ANSI A10.8 (1998 or later)

B. S. Specification for Steel Tube

BS 1139

B. S. Specification for Steel Couplers

BS 1139

B. S. Specification for scaffold Boards

BS 2482

B.S. Code of Practice for scaffold

BS 5973

European Standard

EN74

OSHA Safety Requirements (Scaffolding)

OSHA 1910.28

OSHA Additional Requirements (Scaffolding)

OSHA 1926.450

OSHA Scaffold use in the Construction Industry

OSHA 3150

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TOPICS
I.

SCAFFOLD TERMINOLY

II.

ELEVATED WORK AREAS GENERAL

SLIDE NUMBER

5-7

REQUIREMENTS

8-11

III.

SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS

12-14

IV.

REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL

15-24

TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

25-32

VI.

SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS

33-36

VII.

TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

37-60

VIII.

MOBILE & TOWER SCAFFOLDS

61-65

IX.

FABRICATED TUBULAR FRAME SCAFFOLDS

66

X.

BRACKET SCAFFOLDS

67-69

XI.

UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS

70-75

XII.

SCAFFOLD TAGGING

76-79

XIII.

SCAFFOLD SAFETY SEMINAR HIGHLIGHTS

80-86

SCAFFOLDS
V.

REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND

S.A. LPD (Sept. 2002)

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I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY
TOP RAIL
MID RAIL
DROP BAR
0.95m 1.15 m

FALSE UPRIGHT

(38-45)
36 min.
SCAFFOLD PLANKS
BEARER (TRANSOM)
LONGITUDINAL
BRACING

LADDER CLAMP
TOEBOARD
STANDARD

SWIVEL COUPLER
FIXED COUPLER (90)

RUNNER (LEDGER)
TRANSVERSE BRACING
BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)
BASE PLATE
SILL (SOLE BOARD)

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I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY

BIOARD BEARER
(INTERMEDIATE
TRANSOM)

BAY LENGTH

RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)

BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)

RUNNERS &
BEARERS
INSTALLED
INSIDE POSTS
TYP.

POST
(STANDARD)
BASE PLATES
SILLS (SOLE
BOARDS)

BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)

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I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY

BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)

RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BAY LENGTH

BAY

SCAFFOLD
WIDTH

LIFT
HEIGHT

POST
(STANDARD)
BASE LIFT
(Foot Tie or Kicker Lift)
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II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS


FALL PROTECTION

Each person who could fall more than 1.8 m. (6 ft.) shall be protected
from falling by means of guardrail systems or personal fall arrest
systems.

GUARDRAIL SYSTEMS

Guardrail system shall be able to withstand a force of at least 90kg.


(200 lbs.) It consists:

1. Toprails - top edge height of toprails


shall not be less than 0.95 m. (38 )
and not more than 1.15 m. (45)
above the walking/working surface of a
platform.
2. Midrails installed approximately
halfway between the walking/working
surface and toprail.
3. Toeboards shall have no more than 6
mm. (1/4) gap above the working
surface and should withstand a force of
at least 23 kg (50 lbs).
4. Uprights shall not be spaced more
than 2.7 m. (9 ft.) apart.

self closing
drop bar
false
upright
(puncheon)

toprails
midrails

toeboards

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II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMS

Full body harnesses, lanyards, lifelines or overhead structural anchorage,


and other components of personal fall arrest system shall have a
capacity of at least 2,300 kgs. (5,000 lbs.).
Lanyards shall have a maximum length of 1.8 m. (6 ft.) thus it shall be
anchored high enough to prevent the worker from free falling more than
6 feet (1.8m.) or striking any lower level should a fall occur.
Horizontal and vertical lifelines shall be made from 10 mm. (3/8)
min. diameter wire rope. Horizontal lifelines shall be maintained with a
sag at the center of no greater than 300mm.. (12) for every 10 m.
(33 ft.) of lifeline length between attachments.

FALLING OBJECT PROTECTION

Toeboards shall be installed on all edges of elevated work areas more


than 1.8 m. (6 ft.) above lower levels. It shall conform the ffg.
requirements:
1. Minimum dimension of 100 mm. (4) in height and 25 mm. (1)
thick.
2. No more than 6 mm. (1/4) above the working surface.
3. Should withstand a force of at least 23 kg. (50 lbs.)
When there is a danger for objects falling through guardrails a protective
screen (minimum No. 18 gauge wire with a maximum 13 mm.
mesh) shall be securely fixed to the toeboard, midrail and guardrail.
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II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

ENTRY AND EXIT

A safe means of access shall be provided whenever the scaffold platform


is 0.6 m (2 feet) above or below a point of access.
If horizontal travel distance exceeds 15 m (50 feet) each elevated work
area shall have at least 2 means of exit. A means of exit shall be
provided at least every 30 m (100 feet).
Minimum clear headroom above scaffold platforms shall be 1.8 meters
(6 feet).

TEMPORARY STAIRWAYS
PARTS OF STAIRWAY

REQUIREMENTS

LANDING

At least 560 mm. (22) wide & 760 mm. (30) long.
Shall have landing not more than every 3.7 m. (12) of vertical
distance.

RISER

150 mm. (6) to 215 mm. (8) depth.


Shall be uniform with each flight of stairs.

TREAD

220 mm. (9) to 280 mm. (11) wide.

STAIR SLOPE

Between 30 to 35 degrees

HANDRAIL

860 mm. (34) to 940 mm. (37) in height.


80 mm. (3) clearance between wall or other object.
Can withstand a force of at least 90 kg. (200 lbs.)

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II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

TEMPORARY RAMPS
Shall not be inclined more than a ratio of 1 : 3 or 20 above the horizontal although a
slope not over 15 is preferred.
If steeper than ratio 1 : 4 the ramp shall have cleats no more than 350 mm (14) apart.

HIGH WINDS
Personnel shall not be on any scaffold or other temporary elevated work area during
storms or high winds sustained winds more than 65 kph (40 mph).

WORK OVER WATER


Personnel working over water shall have floatation ring provided at intervals not greater
than 15 meters (50 feet) and a man watch shall also be provided.

LADDERS
A slope of 4:1, side rails rigidly attached to supporting structure (top, middle, bottom).
Rungs uniformly spaced between 250 mm (10) and 360 mm (14) although 300 mm
(12 inches) is preferred.
Shall have a minimum clear distance of 760 mm (30) to the nearest protruding object on
the climbing side. This distance maybe reduced to 610 mm (24 inches) if deflector plates
are provided.
Distance on the climbing side to the nearest object on the back side of the ladder shall be
no less than 250 mm (10 inches). When unavoidable a minimum vertical toe clearance
of 100 mm. (4) shall apply.
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III. SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS

GENERAL
Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers should not be
intermixed unless the components are compatible and the scaffolds structural integrity
is maintained.
All defective scaffold component s shall be marked with bright fluorescent orange paint
and immediately removed from Saudi Aramco property or project site.

SCAFFOLD TUBING AND FITTINGS SPECIFICATIONS

As per Aramco G.I. 8.001


( Scaffold tubing, 48.30 mm [1.90 inch] nominal outside diameter )
Grade

Min. Yield Stress (Sy)

Nominal Wall
Thickness

290 N/mm
42 ksi
30 Kg/mm

3.40 mm
3.76 mm

ASTM A53

240 N/mm
35 ksi
24 Kg/mm

3.68 mm

BS 1139

Part 1,
Sec. 1.1

235 N/mm
34 ksi
24 Kg/mm

4.00 mm

320 N/mm
46 ksi
32 Kg/mm

3.20 mm

Type
ASTM A500

EN 10129
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III. SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS

SCAFFOLD TUBING AND FITTINGS SPECIFICATIONS


Safe Working Load of Individual Coupler
Type of coupler

Type of load

Min. EN 74
class

SWL
(Min.)

Right angle coupler, (Double


or load bearing)

Slip along tube

6.25 KN
1,400 lbs.

Adjustable coupler, (Swivel)

Slip along tube

5.3 KN
1,190 lbs.

Tension

3.0 KN
675 lbs.

Bending

0.59 KN-m
435 lbs-ft.

Force to pull the tube


axially out of the
coupler

0.53 KN
120 lbs.

30 KN
6,740 lbs.
(per pair)

End-end coupler
(Sleeve)

Bearer coupler
(Putlog / Single)
Girder coupler
(Drop forged)

Shear

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III. SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS

PLATFORM UNITS
Wood Plank

Dimensions

Certified / Approved
by

Solid Sawn
Wood

2x10 inch (nom)

West Coast Lumber


Inspection Bureau
(WCLB)
Southern Pine
Inspection Bureau
(SPIB)
American Lumber
Standards
Committee

2x9 inch (rough)


38x25mm or
50x225 mm
(basic)

Laminated
Veneer
Lumber

38mm (1-1/2)
by 225mm (9)
wide or larger

Requirements
Shall be certified and bear a
grade stamp
Free from defects
Splits 25mm (1) max. w/o banding
300mm (1)max. w/ banding
Twist 13mm (1/2) max. end to end

Shall not be painted treated or


coated (except at the ends)
Shall be properly stacked. If
height stack exceeds 20
Shall have the word
planks, succeeding layers
PROOF TESTED
should be tied or bond.
SCAFFOLD PLANK
and OSHA or
Shall not stood on end
Saudi Aramco
unattended
accepted
equivalent,
continuously
embossed on both
edges.

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Scaffold planks shall not be used as concrete forms, trench 14


shoring, or as sills for scaffolds.

IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS


CAPACITY
Every scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting,
without failure, its own weight (dead load) and at least four (4) times the
maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it (D + 4*L).
Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their
load rating.
The maximum allowable span for planks/platforms shall be the shortest
span required to support, without failure, the platform units own weight
and at least four times the most critical maximum intended load as
shown.

The maximum deflection for platform units shall not exceed 1/60th of the
span length when supporting any of the unfactored concentrated or
uniformly distributed concentrated loads.
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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

FOUNDATIONS
Foundations shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the scaffold
self-weight plus the maximum intended load without settling or
displacement.
Scaffolds shall not be hung from or supported by guardrails or handrails.

Components

Requirements

Timber Sills
(sole boards)

At least 225 mm. (9) wide by 38 mm. (1-1/2)


thick
Shall extend under at least two posts (standard),
if not applicable sills under individual posts shall
be at least 765 mm. (30) long

Steel Base
Plates
Screw Jacks

At least 150 x 150mm. & 6mm. thick


(6 x 6 inches & 1/4 inch thick)
For special scaffolds base shall be designed
Shall not be adjusted to more than two-thirds
(2/3) of the total length of the threaded section

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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

STABILITY
Scaffold posts and frames shall be vertically plumb and vertically braced
in both directions.
Supported scaffolds with a height to the uppermost planked level that is
over four times the minimum base dimension (over a 4:1height-towidth ratio) shall be restrained from tipping by ties, guys, outrigger
frames, or equivalent means.
Ties and guys shall be installed as follows:

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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

STABILITY
Ties and guys shall be installed as follows:

Ties or guys shall be spaced vertically every 8 m. (26)(4 lifts) or less.


Ties or guys shall be installed on both ends of the scaffold and at
horizontal intervals not to exceed 9 m. (30) measured from one end
toward the other.
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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

STABILITY

CROSS TUBE
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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND USE


If the front edge of a working platform is less than 360 mm. (14) from
the face of the wall or structure, guardrails do not need to be erected
from that edge.
For medium-duty and more heavily loaded scaffolds, at least one board
bearer (intermediate transom) shall be used in every bay at each
platform level.
Planks should be secured on both ends by using fiber rope/wire lashing,
clamped toe boards or other equivalent means. Planks & toeboards
should not be nailed.
The slope of platform units shall not exceed 1 vertical to 4 horizontal.
Scaffold platforms, landings, and walkways should be at least 675 mm.
(27) (3planks) wide, including during erection, dismantling and
alteration.
Scaffold materials shall not be thrown or dropped from heights.

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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND USE


Gaps between platform units shall be less than 25 mm. (1) wide.
When larger gaps are unavoidable, they shall be covered as follows:
o Gaps less than 600 mm. (2) in width shall be covered at least 20
mm. (1) thick, exterior grade plywood. Plywood covering shall be
overlapped with at least the width of the gap, 12 min., on both
sides of the opening and held with cleats.
o Gaps larger than 600 mm. (2) in width shall be covered with
properly secured cross planks.
Safe landings shall be provided at the top of all ladders and at least every
9m. (30) of ladder height.
If an internal ladder is used, opening shall be at least 675mm. (27) (3
planks) wide & not less than 900mm (36) deep.
If an external ladder is used, step-through opening width on guardrails
shall not be less than 675 mm. (27) or more than 760 mm. (30).
The slope of scaffold platform units shall not exceed

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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND USE

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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

CLEARANCES
Scaffold operations adjacent to overhead power lines are prohibited
unless one of the following conditions are satisfied:
o The power line has been de-energized, relocated, or protective
coverings installed to prevent accidental contact with the lines. It
should be lockout/tag out.
o Satisfies clearance between scaffold and power lines.
CLEARANCES BETWEEN SCAFFOLDS AND POWER LINES:
Insulated

Minimum Distance

Uninsulated

Less than 300 Volts.

1 meter (3 feet)

- - - - -

300 Volts to 50 Kv.

3 meters (10 feet)

Less than 50 Kv.

More than 50 Kv.

3 meters (10 feet) + 4 inches per Kv


over 50 Kv.

More than 50 Kv.

Alternative: 2x the length of the line insulator but never less than 3 meter (10 feet).

Bases of scaffold shall be at least 1.5 times the depth of excavation


away from the edges of the excavations (including trenches).
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IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS

RAISING AND LOWERING MATERIALS USING GIN WHEELS

The gin wheel shall be mounted on a cantilevered horizontal tube


projecting outward from the scaffold and shall be kept to a minimum
distance, not greater than 750 mm. (30). Tube shall be fixed with
right-angle couplers to two scaffold post (standard).
Materials to be raised shall not exceed 50 kg. (110 lbs.), the rope shall
be of the correct size to suit the gin wheel, usually 18-mm. (3/4).

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

TYPICAL TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD


GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
INCLUDING TOEBOARDS

PLANKING
(BOARDS)

TOEBOARD
CLIPS
RUNNER
(LEDGER)

BEARER
(TRANSOM)

RIGHT-ANGLE
(DOUBLE) COUPLER

POST
(STANDARD)

1/4 THK. (Min.)


BASE PLATE

ADJUSTABLE
(SWIVEL) COUPLER

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TRANSVERSE
CROSS (X)
BRACING

SILL
LONGITUDINAL
(FAADE) BRACING

150 mm.
(6) Min.

150 mm.
(6) Min.

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

HORIZONTAL MEMBERS
No lift height shall exceed 2m.

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

HORIZONTAL MEMBERS
Bearers (transoms) and board bearers (intermediate transom) shall be
installed on top of and not underneath supporting runners.

Every line of posts (standards) shall have runners (ledgers) installed


horizontally in continuous lengths along the entire scaffold length
(longitudinally) and bearers (transoms) installed in continuous lengths
across the entire scaffold width (transversely), at each lift.

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

HORIZONTAL MEMBERS

Bridging of scaffolds shall be as conceptually as follows:

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

HORIZONTAL MEMBERS
Bridging of scaffolds

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

HORIZONTAL MEMBERS
Bridging of scaffolds

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

Bracing

Vertical bracing to prevent excessive sway is necessary in both the


transverse and longitudinal direction of all system and tube & coupler
scaffolds for the full height of the scaffold.
Transverse (sectional) braces shall be connected
to either posts
(standards) or runners (ledgers) as close as possible to the intersection
(node point) of the bearer (transom) and post (standard).
Longitudinal (faade) braces shall be connected to posts (standards) as
close as possible to the intersection (node point) of the runner (ledger)
and post (standard).

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V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

Bracing
Brace ends may be joined together with end-to-end (sleeve) couplers.
Alternatively, for braces subject to large tension loads, shall be
overlapped & joined with at least two adjustable (swivel) couplers,

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VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS

System Scaffolds

All system scaffolds shall be erected per manufacturers published


instructions and the requirements of G.I. 8.001.

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VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS

System Scaffolds
Unless otherwise specified in manufactures instruction, all system
scaffold shall be vertically braced in both directions with diagonal braces
(as close to 45 as possible) to its full height for each 10 m. (33)
of run.
Components from different scaffold manufacturers shall not be
intermixed (except when needed in bracing).
Where specially designed system bracing cannot be used, tube & coupler
scaffold components may be used for bracing of system scaffolds.
Connections shall be tightened with a single hammer blow to the wedge
or cup to provide high degree of rigidity.
Shall be connected by means of one of the following fastening methods:
o
o
o

Captive wedge system (such as Saudi


(Kwikstage)
Quick-fix system (such as Layher All-around)
Cup locking system (such as SGB Cuplock)

Scaffolding

Factory

System scaffold components shall not be used to construct underhung


scaffolds.
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VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS

System Scaffolds
The
locking-pin
type
of
system
scaffold shall not
be used.

Posts (standards) shall be


connected by bolted spigots
and shall be secured into place
using two spigot pins for
situations where uplift may
occur.
The
upper
post
(standard) shall slide over the
spigot.
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VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS

System Scaffolds
Unless otherwise justified and stated in writing by the system scaffold
manufacturer, the maximum number of working levels and total planked
levels shall be as follows:

LIGHT DUTY
Maximum Number
of Working Levels

Max. Total Number


Planked/Platformed Levels

Maximum Scaffold
Height

38 m. (125 ft.)

38 m. (125 ft.)

28 m. (91 ft.)

MEDIUM DUTY
Maximum Number of
Working Levels

Max. Total Number


Planked/Platformed
Levels

Maximum Scaffold
Height

38 m. (125 ft.)

24 m. (78 ft.)
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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


TYPICAL TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
INCLUDING TOEBOARDS

PLANKING
(BOARDS)

TOEBOARD
CLIPS
RUNNER
(LEDGER)

BEARER
(TRANSOM)

RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)
COUPLER

POST
(STANDARD)

1/4 THK. (Min.)


BASE PLATE

ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL)
COUPLER

Ref.

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TRANSVERSE
CROSS (X)
BRACING

SILL
LONGITUDINAL
(FAADE) BRACING

150 mm.
(6) Min.

150 mm.
(6) Min.

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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

POSTS
Joint pins or, preferably, end-to-end (sleeve) couplers shall be used for
joints in post (standards). However, joint pins are only designed for
compression load. End-to-end couplers shall be used where tension
(uplift) can be present in a posts (standard) or other scaffold tube.
Joints in posts (standards) shall be staggered. Joints in adjacent posts
shall not occur in the same lift height.

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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)


Runners (ledgers) and bearers (transoms) shall be securely fixed to the
inside of each posts. (standard).
When bearers (transoms) and board bearers (intermediate transoms)
are coupled to runners (ledgers) they shall always be installed on top of
the supporting runners
Bearers (transoms), including board bearers, shall extend at least 100
mm. (4) beyond the runner centerline.

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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)


Runners (ledgers) shall be connected to posts (standards) only with
right-angle (load bearing) couplers.
When bearers (transoms) are coupled to posts (standards), the bearer
shall be connected to the posts only with right-angle (load bearing)
couplers and the coupler shall rest directly on the runners (ledgers)
right-angle couplers.
When a bearer (transom) is coupled to a supporting runner (ledger), the
coupler shall never be more than 300 mm. (12) apart from the post.
At lifts to be planked, right-angle couplers should not be used to attach
bearers or board bearers to runners, because the coupler bolts may
interfere with proper placement of planks. Instead bearer (putlog)
couplers shall be used.

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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)


Runners (ledger) or bearers (transoms) shall not have more than one
joint between adjacent posts, joints shall be staggered (adjacent joints
shall not occur on the same bay).
End-to-end couplers may be used may be used for joints in runners
(ledgers) or bearers (transoms), the joint shall not be located more than
300mm. (12) from a post (standard).
Alternatively, joints in runners
or bearers may be made by
abutting the runner or bearer
ends together and overlapping
this ends with a separate
parallel tube. This parallel tube
shall be coupled to each
abutted runner or bearer end
with at least two equally spaced
adjustable swivel couplers. In
this case, the joint shall not
be located in the middle third
of the runner or bearer span.
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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)


Right-angle (double) couplers shall
be installed such that the load is
against the hinge and not against
the bolt.

Scaffold couplers shall be tightened


to the torque as indicated by the
manufacturer preferably between
40 kg-m. (30 ft.-lbs.) and 80
kg-m. (60 ft-lbs.) Only proper
scaffold spanner wrenches shall be
used. Cheater bars or longer
handled wrenches shall not be
used, as they give greater leverage
than
proper
scaffold
spanner
wrenches and could damage the
coupler.
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VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING ( Transverse Zigzag Bracing)


Transverse (sectional) zigzag bracing: The first diagonal brace shall be
installed from the base of the first post (standard) diagonally upward to
the first lift at whichever post (standard) is required to make the angle of
the diagonal brace be between 35 and 55 degrees (may be across two
bays in one lift height). Additional diagonal braces shall be installed in
alternating directions (zigzag) until reaching the top of the scaffold.

43
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING
( Transverse Zigzag Bracing)
For wide scaffolds, this
transverse zigzag bracing
shall be shall be repeated
across the width of the
scaffold such that no more
than 3 adjacent bays are
open without transverse
bracing.
This
set
of
transverse zig-zag braces
shall be installed at both
scaffold ends and repeated
along the length of the
scaffold at least every
third
line
of
posts
(standards).

44
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING ( Transverse Zigzag Bracing)


For wide scaffolds

45
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING
(Transverse X Bracing)
Transverse (sectional) X
bracing: the first two diagonal
braces are installed forming an
X shape. Thus, the first brace is
installed from the base of the
first post (standard) diagonally
upward to the first lift at the post
(standard) required for the base
to be between 35 and 55
degrees (may be across two
bays in one lift height). The
second brace is installed from the
base of the same post (standard)
diagonally upward to the first
post (standard). This X bracing
should be repeated up to the
height of the scaffold at least
every third lift (two adjacent
open lift heights permitted.
46
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING (Transverse X Bracing)


For wide scaffolds, such transverse X bracing shall be repeated across the
width of the scaffold such that no more than 3 adjacent bays are open
without transverse bracing. This set of transverse X braces shall be
installed at both scaffold ends and repeated along the length of the scaffold
at least every third line of posts (standards).

47
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING (Longitudinal Facade Bracing)


Longitudinal (faade) bracing for a scaffold whose length is greater than its
height: A diagonal brace shall be installed from the base of the first post (standard)
upward, at between 35 and 55 degrees, to the extreme top of the scaffold. This
longitudinal bracing shall be repeated along the length of the scaffold at least every
5th posts (standard). This longitudinal (faade) bracing shall be installed in opposite
directions, along the front (inner) and rear (outer) lines of posts (standards).

48
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING
(Longitudinal Facade Bracing)
Longitudinal (faade) bracing
for a scaffold whose length is
less than its height: The first
diagonal brace shall be installed
from the base of the first end post
(standard) upward, at between 35
and 55 degrees, along the entire
length of the scaffold to the last
end post. Additional diagonal
braces shall then be installed, at
between 35 and 55 degrees, in
alternating directions (zigzag)
across the entire scaffold length
until reaching the top of the
scaffold. This longitudinal (faade)
bracing shall be installed in
opposite directions, along the
front (inner) and rear (outer) lines
of posts (standards).
Ref.

S.A. GI

49

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

VERTICAL BRACING (Interior Longitudinal Zig-zag Bracing)


Interior longitudinal zig-zag bracing for a scaffold with multiple bays across
its with (birdcage scaffold): The first diagonal brace shall be installed from the
base of the first post (standard) diagonally upward, at between 35 and 55 degrees,
to
the second post at the first lift
(across one bay in one lift
height). Additional diagonal
braces shall then be installed
in alternating directions (zigzag) until reaching the top of
the
scaffold.
Such
longitudinal zig-zag bracing
shall be repeated along the
length of the scaffold such
that no more than 4 adjacent
bays are open without
longitudinal braces. This set
of
longitudinal
zig-zag
braces shall be repeated
across the width of the
scaffold at least every third
line of post.
50
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


LIGHT-DUTY SCAFFOLD LOADING

51
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Embossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post Spacing
Emboss
ed
Tubing

Number of 225mm
(9) wide planks
per bay width

Transverse post
Spacing
(Bearer/Transom
Span)

Longitudinal Post
Spacing
(Runner/Ledger
Span)

Option
1 OPTION 1

1.0 m (3.25 ft.)

2.7 m (9.0 ft.) max.

Option
2

1.2 m (4.0 ft.)

2.4 m (8.0 ft.) max.

52
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Embossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post Spacing

OPTION 2

53
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Non-Embossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post Spacing
(Based on 48.3 mm O.D., 3.2 mm wall thickness, Fy = 235 N/mm 2 (34 ksi), steel tubing)

Emboss
ed
Tubing

Number of 225mm
(9) wide planks
per bay width

Transverse post
Spacing
(Bearer/Transom
Span)

Longitudinal Post
Spacing
(Runner/Ledger
Span)

Option
1
OPTION
1

1.0 m (3.25 ft.)

2.3 m (7.5 ft.)


max.

Option
2

1.2 m (4.0 ft.)

1.8 m (6.0 ft.)


max.

54
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Non-Embossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post Spacing
(Based on 48.3 mm O.D., 3.2 mm wall thickness, Fy = 235 N/mm 2 (34 ksi), steel tubing)

OPTION 2

55
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Larger post spacing may be used if justified by structural calculations or load test
submitted for review per G.I. 8.001, along with material tensile/yield stress test
reports for the specific scaffold tubing to be used.
All light-duty tube & coupler scaffolds may have a maximum of three working levels
in use at any one time only when there are no additional levels where platform units
are installed. The maximum total number of levels that can be planked at one time
depends on the number of working levels simultaneously used by workers. The
maximum uniformly distributed load on each working level shall be 120 kg/m2 (1.2
kN/m2) (25 lb./ft2).
Maximum
Number of
Working
Levels

Max. Total Number


Planked/Platformed
Levels

Maximum Scaffold
Height

38 m. (125 ft.)

2
6
38 m. (125 ft.)
Light-duty tube & coupler scaffolds requiring more than the above working or planked
3
3
28 m. (91 ft.)
levels, or over the maximum heights shown in the table, shall be classified as a
Special Scaffold and shall be properly designed and reviewed per G.I. 8.001.
Preferably, a properly designed system scaffold should be used instead of tube &
coupler construction for scaffolds over 38 m. (125 ft.) tall
56

Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


MEDIUM-DUTY LOADING

57
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


All tubing used to construct Medium-duty and more heavily loaded tube &
coupler scaffolds shall be embossed.
Maximum post spacing for medium-duty scaffolds:

OPTION 1

58
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Maximum post spacing for medium-duty scaffolds:

OPTION 2

59
Ref.

S.A. GI

VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS

MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS


Larger post spacing may be used if justified by structural calculations or
load test submitted for review per G.I. 8.001, along with material
tensile/yield stress test reports for the specific scaffold tubing to be used.
Medium-duty tube & coupler scaffolds may have a maximum of two
working levels in use at any one time only when there are no additional
levels where platform units are installed. However, when only one working
level is being used, a maximum of additional 6 levels may be planked if
they are not being used at the same time. The maximum distributed load
on each working level shall not exceed 240 kg/m2 (2.4 kN/m2) (50
lb./ft2).
Maximum
Number of
Working
Levels

Max. Total Number


Planked/Platformed
Levels

Maximum Scaffold
Height

1
7
38 m. (125 ft.)
Light-duty tube & coupler scaffolds requiring more than the above working
2
2
24 m. (78 ft.)
or planked levels, or over the maximum heights shown in the table, shall
be classified as a Special Scaffold and shall be properly designed and
reviewed per G.I. 8.001. Preferably, a properly designed system scaffold
should be used instead of tube & coupler construction for scaffolds over
38 m. (125 ft.) tall
60
Ref.

S.A. GI

VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS


MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION
Mobile and tower scaffolds
shall be plumb, level, and
square and be horizontally and
vertically braced (in both
directions) by diagonal braces.
Plan (horizontal) bracing shall
be installed at the base, at the
top, and at least every third
lift of all mobile and tower
scaffolds to prevent racking
(twisting).

61
Ref.

S.A. GI

VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS

MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION


Tube & coupler mobile and tower scaffolds that are one bay long and
one bay wide (only 4 posts):

LOADING

Light-duty

Ref.

Light-duty
S.A. GI

MAX. POST
SPACING IN
BOTH DIRECTION
(only 4 post)

2 m. (6.5ft)

1.7 m. (5.5ft)

STEEL TUBING
MANUFACTURE
D & EMBOSED
AS PER
SPECIFICATION
S

ADDL REQUIREMENT /
CONDITION

Yes

Used only for


personnel access and
inspection
At least two equally
spaced board bearers
shall be used
Uppermost work
platform height shall
not exceed 4 times
the minimum base
dimension

No

Uppermost work
platform height shall
62
not exceed 4 times the

VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS

MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION


MOBILE SCAFFOLD

63
Ref.

S.A. GI

VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS

MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION


Mobile scaffolds rated for Light-duty
shall have steel casters not less than
120 mm. (5) in diameter.

Mobile
scaffolds
rated
for
Medium-duty shall have heavyduty steel casters not less than
170 mm. (7) in diameter.
All casters shall be fitted with a
positive wheel lock (which
cannot be accidentally released)
to prevent movement while the
mobile scaffold is being used.
Casters shall be securely fixed to
the base of scaffold posts or
screwjacks by locking pins.

64
Ref.

S.A. GI

VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS

MOBILE SCAFFOLD OPERATION


Mobile scaffold shall only be used and moved on surfaces sufficiently
firm level to ensure stability. Where the scaffold is to be used on an
elevated floor or roof, it shall be designed to apply loads no greater
than the capacity of the floor or roof.
A mobile scaffold shall be moved only by manually pushing or pulling
at the base. Force shall not be applied at a height greater than 1.5
m. (5) above the supporting surface.
No men, equipment, or materials shall be on the working platform or
elsewhere on the scaffold while it is in motion.
Casters shall be lock at all times except during scaffold movement.
Temporary foundations or tracks shall be properly set in place on soft
or uneven ground to facilitate movement of the mobile scaffold. The
temporary foundation or track shall be level and properly secured.

65
Ref.

S.A. GI

IX. FABRICATED TUBULAR FRAME SCAFFOLDS

Fabricated Tubular Frame Scaffolds

All fabricated tubular frame scaffold shall be erected per


manufacturers published instructions and the requirements of SA
Scaffold Safety Handbook.
It shall not be used for a loading greater than a Light-duty loading of
120 kg/m2 (1.2 kN/m2) (25 lb./ft2).
The maximum height shall be 6 meters.
Components from different scaffold manufacturers shall not be
intermixed.
Each frame must have flip-lock fittings, in good condition, for the
attachment of horizontal members and diagonal members.
Scissor (cross) bracing shall be installed on both sides in every bay
between each lift.
A complete guardrail system shall be provided at every platform.

66
Ref.

S.A. GI

X. BRACKET SCAFFOLDS

Brackets and Straps

Bracket scaffolds shall only be used to support a Light-duty loading


of 120 kg/m2 (1.2 kN/m2) (25 lb./ft2).

67
Ref.

S.A. GI

Brackets and Straps

X. BRACKET SCAFFOLDS

Brackets shall be installed vertically.


Prior to welding on any tank, approval of welding procedures and
verification of tank integrity is required from the Proponents
Engineering Unit. Only welders certified by Saudi Aramco shall weld
bracket straps.
Prior to attaching the bracket, completed bracket straps shall be
inspected and approved by a welding inspector (Aramco certified).
Brackets scaffold shall be inspected prior to installation by scaffold
craftsmen and prior to each used by scaffold users.

68
Ref.

S.A. GI

X. BRACKET SCAFFOLDS

GUARDRAILS AND PLATFORMS FOR BRACKET SCAFFOLDS


A continuous guardrail system shall be provided along the outside
platform edge. If the gap on the inside platform edge to the platform
exceeds 360 mm (14) a guardrail system shall be provide.
Guardrails shall be constructed using either wire rope [10mm
(3/8) diameter min.] or steel tubing [can withstand a force of at
least 90 kg. (200 lbs.)].
All working levels shall be fully planked (at least 2 but not more
than 3 planks wide).
Planks shall be overlap in
1 direction only, 230
mm (9) min.
The area below the
bracket scaffolds shall be
barricaded and warning
signs posted.

69
Ref.

S.A. GI

XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS


CRITERIA FOR UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
All underhung scaffolds shall be hung from structures capable of
supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the
scaffold.
A guardrail system shall be provided.

UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY TUBES & COUPLRES


Suspension points of hanger tubes shall be securely fixed to prevent
their being dislodged by all potential forces acting upon them.
When a hanger tube is coupled to a horizontal tube that is placed
across the top of a supporting beam a second horizontal tube shall
be attached underneath the supporting beam with a pair of girder
couplers. Both horizontal tubes shall be attached to the hanger with
a right-angle couplers.
Check coupler shall be installed at top & bottoms of all hanger
tubes and beneath trapeze tubes.
Whenever possible vertical hanger tubes should be in one length
where joints are necessary, the tubes should be single lapped using
at least four couplers.
70
Ref.

S.A. GI

XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS

UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY TUBES & COUPLRES


Trapeze tubes shall be installed approximately 600 mm (2) below
the runners (ledgers) to assist in erection, modification and
dismantling, and also to serve as a secondary support should the
runner slip.
Runners and bearers shall be coupled to hanger tubes using rightangle couplers.
Hanger tube spacing shall comply with the tube and coupler post
spacing requirements for the load duty of scaffold.
At least one board bearer shall be installed when the hanger spacing
is more than 1.5 m (5) apart in the longitudinal direction.
Only drop-forged girder couplers shall used for the support of
hanging scaffolds. Pressed girder couplers shall not be used for the
support of hanging scaffolds.

71
Ref.

S.A. GI

XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS

UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY TUBES & COUPLRES

72
Ref.

S.A. GI

XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS

UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY WIRE ROPE


A working platform shall have at least six (6) suspension points
evenly spaced and kept taut, and shall be tied or otherwise secured
to prevent it from swaying,
Wire rope cable including connecting hardware shall be capable of
supporting at least six (6) times the maximum intended load
applied or transmitted without failure.
Wire suspension rope shall be minimum 9 mm (3/8) diameter
(splices in wire ropes are not permitted.
When an underhung scaffold is suspended by wire rope, such rope
shall be wrapped at least twice around (softeners shall be used)
the supporting members and twice around the bearers of the
scaffold.
Spacing of wire ropes used to carry the scaffold shall comply with the
post spacing requirements for the duty of the scaffold.
Suspension wire ropes shall be shielded from heat producing
processes.
Wire ropes shall be inspected for defects prior to each work shift and
after every occurrence, which could affect a ropes integrity.
73

Ref.

S.A. GI

XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS

USE OF WIRE ROPE CLIPS


There shall be minimum of 3 clips installed at the load end and 3
clips installed at the attachment end of each rope.
Clips installation and retightening after initial loading shall be
according to the manufacturers recommendation.
When wire rope clips are used,
the U-bolt shall be placed
over the dead end of the
rope, and saddle (bridge)
shall be placed over the
live (loaded) end of the
rope.

DONT SADDLE A
DEAD HORSE

74
Ref.

S.A. GI

XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS

WELDING FROM UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY


WIRE ROPES
To reduce the possibility of welding current flowing through the
suspension wire rope when performing welding from underhung
scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable:
o

An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire


rope to its support. Additional independent lines to provide
grounding shall be insulated.

All suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material


extending at least 1.2 m (4) above the working platform.

In addition to work lead attachment required by the welding


process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the
scaffold to the structure. The size of this conductor shall be at
least the size of the welding process work lead, and this conductor
shall not be in series with the welding process or the work piece.

If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the


welding machine shall be shut off.

An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be


allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system.
75

Ref.

S.A. GI

XII. SCAFFOLD TAGGING


RED SCAFFOLD TAG
SAUDI ARAMCO
SUPPLY

MATERIAL

SAP # 1000123277

Indicates the scaffold has


not been inspected or is
not safe for use (by
anyone other than the
scaffold
erection
craftsmen.

76
Ref.

S.A. GI

XII. SCAFFOLD TAGGING

GREEN SCAFFOLD TAG


SAUDI
ARAMCO
MATERIAL SUPPLY
SAP # 1000123290

Indicates the scaffold


is
complete,
has
been inspected, and
is safe for use at the
time of inspection.

77
Ref.

S.A. GI

XII. SCAFFOLD TAGGING

YELLOW
TAG

SCAFFOLD

SAUDI
ARAMCO
MATERIAL SUPPLY
SAP # 1000123293

Indicates
the
scaffold has been
inspected and may
be used only by
workers wearing a
properly anchored
personal fall arrest
system, including a
full body harness
and lanyard.

78
Ref.

S.A. GI

XII. SCAFFOLD TAGGING

PERMANENT
PENS

MARKER

SAUDI
ARAMCO
MATERIAL SUPPLY
SAP # 1000123296

79
Ref.

S.A. GI

SCAFFOLD SAFETY SEMINAR - Saudi ARAMCO Loss Prevention


Dammam Chamber of Commerce (16 Sept. 2002)
HIGHLIGHTS

Revised GI 8.001, been approved / issued last March 5, 2002

All requirements now in effect except, for the Certified Personnel (Scaffold
Supvs & Inspectors) and Saudi ARAMCO approved specialized erector

July 1, 2003 total enforcement of Scaffold Certified Supervisors /


Inspectors. No certified scaffold personnel, no scaffold erection (no waiver)

July 1, 2003 total enforcement of Saudi ARAMCO approved Specialized


Scaffold Erectors for the design, erection, alteration or dismantling of
scaffolds over 40 ft. high or special scaffolds (no waiver)
Special scaffolds include:
Higher than 125 ft tube and coupler scaffold
Cantilevered by more than 3 meters (10 ft)
Suspended scaffolds of more than 30 m2 (320 ft2) platform area
Scaffolds supporting loads greater than 240 kg/sq.mtr (50 psf)
Scaffolds supported by or hung from one or more outrigger beams
Scaffolds supported by or hung from wind girders or roofs of floating
tanks
80

Ref.

S.A. GI

HIGHLIGHTS

Company wide Scaffold Tagging (red, green, yellow tags)


2 week-signing interval (maximum), tags to be revalidated as needs
arise
Less than 20 ft high, only Certified Scaffold Supv will sign
Over 20 ft. high, both Certified Scaffold Supv and Inspector will sign
20 ft. high scaffold, Certified Inspector will sign
Tagging now in effect. Non-certified scaffold supvs are acceptable to
sign off scaff tags until July 2003, but have to fill up (tedious) checklist.
Once certified, these checklists are not required, Blue Book guide can
be used instead.
Yellow tag will be used rarely. Full body harness required for scaffolds
yellow tagged.
Scaff tag has 2 sections. (upper) for scaffold supv signature; (lower
section) for scaffold inspector

81
Ref.

S.A. GI

HIGHLIGHTS

Certification, similar to riggers / crane operators certification


English knowledge a must to take the test
80 % written test passing score (consists 50 items)
100% - performance (actual) test passing score\
10 % current passing rate recorded (certification on going)
Over 60 % of examinees scored less than 60% (to date)
English knowledge a must to take the test
Below 50% obtained score, employee to wait for 6 months to retake
the test
Above 50% obtained score, employee can retest after 3 weeks /
months
Depending on the obtained score, Training Center may consider proofs
of training given to employee to allow him pass the test (flexibility
given)
Arrangement for certification test, only via Saudi ARAMCO proponent
organization and nominee must be a current holder of Saudi ARAMCO
Badge.
Saudi ARAMCO will not train contractors for certification tests
Certification cards good for three (03) years

Ref.

S.A. GI

82

HIGHLIGHTS
Certified Scaffold Supervisor
Multiple certifications acceptable i.e. certified scaffold supv and at
the same time as certified inspector but, one person with such dual
certifications cannot sign off a scaff tag for both categories (supv and
inspector) at the same time.
3 times failure, banned for life from taking the test
Certified Scaffold Supervisor
Level I - Qualified on all scaffolds.
Level II T - Qualified on Tube and coupler scaffold only; Less
than 40 ft high.
Level II S - Qualified on System Scaffold only; Less than 40 ft
high.
Certified Scaffold Inspector : Qualified on All scaffolds
Candidates must undergo rigid training (class and performance) and
study on:
New GI 8.001
Scaffold Safety Handbook (SSH)
83
Ref.

S.A. GI

HIGHLIGHTS

Specialized Scaffold Erector


For Scaffold design / erection (this is an organization, not individual)
Must be on Contracting General Bid Slate for scaffold services
Contractors not recognized for special scaffold services, should subcontract
Contracting companies (for above 40 ft high and special
scaffolds) to be approved by Saudi ARAMCO. (Note: Criteria maybe
increased in the future e.g. for above 20 feet)
Contractors still can have their own scaffold crew for scaffolds up to
40 feet high
Contractors in bid slate, in-house training possible, number of Saudi
ARAMCO certified people will be considered in the qualification
assessment
Scaffolders or craftsmen must be competent and qualified. No
certification test required
Tubing
Non-embossed tubing (existing tubing In-Kingdom) okay up to 4 ft
(transverse) x 6 ft (post spacing) platform only.
Embossed tubing marked ASTM A500 Gr. B3.76T Yr 2001
84

Ref.

S.A. GI

HIGHLIGHTS

Couplers
Riveted type prohibited
BS 1139, EN74 acceptable

85
Ref.

S.A. GI

* * * * * END * * * * *

86
Ref.

S.A. GI

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