Objectives

Define History
Describe the Uses and Importance of
History
Identify the sources of History
Point out the problems or difficulties
in the writing and study of History
Give reasons for embracing the
Pantayong Pananaw

History defined
HISTORY
Greek word: HISTORIA
To learn by Inquiry/Investigation
*It is important to recognize the role of women
in history but not to the point of deviating
from the etymological meaning.

History defined
Traditional Definition:
History is a record of the past.
*Gottschalk said History is
Actuality; hence it demands that
the historian abandon the
present and stick with the past

History defined
WHAT WERE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE
TRADTIONAL DEFINITION?

History defined
Modern definitions:
History is a reconstruction of the past based
on available written records, oral history,
cultural artifacts and folk traditions
History is the interpretative and imaginative
study of surviving records of the past,
either written or unwritten, in order to
determine the meaning and scope of
human existence.

History defined
WHAT WERE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE
MODERN DEFINITION?

ii. Uses and Importance of

History

Bridging the gap between the past

and the present
Explaining the causes of Things and
events
Projecting the future
Interpreting conditions of a given
space and time
Promoting nationalism and patriotism

iii. Sources of History

Written or inscribed sources example:

birth, marriage and death certificates,
directories, letters and diaries
Graphic/visual materials and artifacts
example: Photographs
Folklore/oral Literature
Oral History
Interviews

iv. Problems and difficulties

in the writing
study
of in
1.Scarcity
of Written and
materials,
especially
the local level
history
2. Problems in translation with regard to
documents written in Spanish and other
foreign languages
3. Biases and prejudices on the part of
foreign writers
4.Lack of representative materials for the
whole country
5. Lack of trained historians

Major views or Philosophies

in the Study of History

Cyclical view

History repeats itself.

ALL human events occur in cycles
Its famous exponents were
Herodotus and Spengler.
Popular during the time of
Herodotus

Providential View

History is determined by GOD. He

is the author of everything and
therefore History is Gods grand
design.
There is a perpetual struggle
between good and evil.
Man is a pawn.
Foremost exponent- St. Augustine

Marxist or leftist-Socialist
view

History is a science that can be

controlled, influenced and
predicted.
There is always conflict between
economic classes throughout the
universe.
Main exponent: Karl Marx

Relativist View

History classifies and groups

together facts about the past in
terms of the current needs of
contemporary concerns. Febvre
said: History creates its own
subject.

Reasons for interpreting

Philippine History from our
point of view

Pantayong Pananaw

Foreign interpretation is biased and

prejudiced.
Filipinos have greater familiarity
with and understanding of their
culture and history
Filipino Point of view can help
promote nationalism and
patriotism.