Alfreds

mother
Andriette

Alfreds fatherImmanuel

Alfred Nobel was born on 21 October

1833 in Stockholm in a family of
talented self-educated inventor
Immanuel Nobel, who came from the
peasants of the southern Swedish
County Noble, which explains the origin
of the surname. The head of the family
became famous and made a fortune in
the Russian service, especially during
the Crimean war. Mines manufactured
in his plant, defended the raid of
Kronstadt and Reval from the attack of
the British squadron. For his services to
Russia, he received Imperial large gold
medal, which, as a rule, doesn't
awarded foreigners.

Alfred Nobel although he was very

talented but did not receive even
secondary education. In 1849 the
father sends the young Alfred in a
two-year journey through Europe
and America. A big part of this
journey Alfred holds in Paris. There
he held a practical course of
chemistry and physics in the
laboratory of the famous chemist
Jules Palma, dealing with oil and
opened nitriles. After the departure
of his father to Stockholm, Alfred
Nobel began to study the
properties of nitroglycerin. It is
likely that this was facilitated by
frequent communication with Nobel
outstanding Russian chemist

Young A. Nobel

In Paris a young Nobel was

adopted at the court of Napoleon
III, where was a reader romantic
poems and where falls in love
with a young dark-eyed brunette
from Provence, which soon dies
from tuberculosis. Heartbroken,
the Nobel went to America,
where he met with famous
Swedish engineer John Ericsson,
who built for Lincoln unusual
ship "Monitor". Ericsson
conducted experiments on the
use of solar energy and attached
compatriot to the invention.

John Ericsson

He continued his experiments in 1863, in Stockholm.

But on 3 September 1864 tragedy struck. The during
the experiments killed several people, including
Alfred's younger brother Emil Oskar, who was only 20
years old. Shortly after the misfortune of his father
was struck down by paralysis, and the last eight years
he
spent 14,
bedridden.
October
1864, Alfred Nobel took out a patent
right for production of explosives containing
nitroglycerine. Then he took out the patent on a
detonator ("Nobel crush"), dynamite, smokeless
gunpowder etc. all in All he owns 350 patents, and
not all of them are associated with explosives.
Among them, the patents on the hydrometer,
barometer, refrigeration apparatus, a gas burner, an
improved method of obtaining sulfuric acid, the
combat missile design and much more.

Dynamite
A sawdust or other
absorptive material,
impregnated with
nitroglycerine;
B protective coat
C explosive capsule;
D - is the cable
associated with the
Subversion primer; E
mounting tape.

Alfred Nobel was a member

of the Swedish Academy of
Sciences, the Royal society of
London, the Paris society of
civil engineers. Uppsala
University awarded him an
honorary doctorate of
philosophy. Among the
awards the is a Swedish
order of the Polar star, the
French Legion of Honor, the
Brazilian order of the Rose
and the Venezuelan - Bolivar.
But all the accolades left him
indifferent. It was a gloomy
man, who loved solitude,
avoiding companies and who
was immersed in the work.

He main wealth brought from

a production dynamite, a
patent for which was received
on 7 may 1867. The
newspaper of those years
wrote that his discovery
engineer did by accident.
During carriage crashed a
bottle of nitroglycerin, which
spills over the liquid
impregnated the earth, and
the result dynamite. Nobel
has always denied it. He
argued that consciously
searched for a substance
which, when mixed with
nitroglycerin, would have
reduced his explosiveness.

Last years Nobel worked

with a personal Secretary
and chemist, a young
Swede Ragnar Salman.
Together with him they
received a patent for the
new invention of smokeless
gunpowder ("ballistic").
Assistant gained confidence
so much so that Alfred
called him not only as "chief
executor of my desires".
10 December 1896 Alfred
Nobel died of a cerebral
hemorrhage at his Villa in
San Remo, Italy.

Alfreds villa in San Remo

Alfreds grave in San

Remo

Alfreds will

Alfred's Nobel will was drawn up in November 27 1895,but was read in

January 1897

Reconstruction Alfred's Nobel laboratory. The scientist sits in the

right corner.

During his life, Nobel patented 355 inventions in

different countries. Nobel's factories was located in
about 20 countries, and the different explosives was
made according to his patents for 100 factories around
the world.
Nobel lived and worked in many countries, including
Sweden, Russia, France, Britain, Germany and Italy. He
was passionately fond of literature, wrote poems and
plays. In his youth he seriously hesitated, deciding to
become an inventor or a poet, shortly before his death