HYPERTENSION

HYPERTENSION
a.k.a.
high
blood
pressure or arterial
hypertension
Is a common condition
And
canthe
eventually
in this
which
force of
cause
blood health
that is problems
pressing
such
as heart
against
the disease
walls of
your arteries is high

HYPERTENSION
Overtime,
When
its pressure
too
This
Blood
means
uncontrolled
thehigh,
more
isit
raises
the
hearts
work
high
blood
determined
your
blood
heart
by
pressure
pumps
the
load
and
can
cause
increase
and
amount
the the
narrower
ofrisk
blood
of :serious
your
damage
arteries
arteries,
heart topumps
the
higher
and your
the
blood
amount
pressure
of resistance to

Heart
disease
blood
Stroke flow in your
arteries
Kidney disease

SYMPTOMS
High blood pressure is
sometimes called silent
killer because it may
have
no
untoward
symptoms FOR YEARS
In fact, 1 in 5 people with
the condition dont know
they have it

SYMPTOMS
Even without symptoms,
damage to blood vessels &
your heart continues and
can be detected
Internally, It can quietly
damage the:
Lungs
Blood
Brain
Kidney
vessels
AllofHeart
which,
if left UNTREATED..

SYMPTOMS
Although
These
few
signs
people with
and
early-stage
symptoms usually
high blood
dont
pressure
occur until
mayhigh
haveblood
dull
headaches,
pressure has
dizzy
reached
spells or
a
a
SEVERE
few more ornosebleeds
LIFEthan
THREATENING
normal STAGE

BLOOD PRESSURE
The
top
number
(systolic) shows the
pressure when your
heart beats
The
lower
number
(diastolic)
This
is when measures
the heart
pressure
at
rest
refills
with blood
between heart beats

CAUSES
There are 2 types of HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE:
1. PRIMARY (essential) HPN
For most adults
Theres no identifiable cause
of high blood pressure
Tends to develop gradually
over many years

CAUSES
2. SECONDARY HYPERTESION
Some people have high
blood pressure caused by
underlying condition
Tends to appear suddenly &
cause
higher
BP
than
Primary HPN

CAUSES
VARIOUS
CONDITIONS
&
MEDICATIONS THAT CAN LEAD
TO 2ndary HPN:
Kidney problems
Thyroid problems
Certain defects in blood
vessels your born with
(congenital)

CAUSES
VARIOUS
CONDITIONS
&
MEDICATIONS THAT CAN LEAD
TO 2ndary HPN:
Certain medications such as
birth control pills, cold
remedies, decongestant
Alcohol
Illegal drugs
abuse
suchoras chronic
cocaine
and amphetamines
alcohol
abuse

RISK FACTORS
AGE
Women
more
likely
The riskare
of
highmiddle
blood
Through
early
to
develop
highage
blood
pressure
increases
as
age,
or about
45,
pressure
after
age 65 is
you age
high
blood
pressure
more common in men

RACE

Often
developing
at
an
High
BP
is
more
earlier age than it does in
common among blacks
whites

RISK FACTORS
Serious
complications,
such as stroke, heart attack
& kidney failure are also
more common in blacks

FAMILY HISTORY
High BP tends to run in
the families

RISK FACTORS
BEING
OVERWEIGHT
OR OBESE
The
As the
more
volume
you weigh,
of blood
the
more
circulated
bloodthrough
you need
your
to
supply
blood vessel
oxygen
increases,
&
nutrients
so does the
to your
pressure
tissues
on
your artery walls

RISK FACTORS
NOT BEING
ACTIVE

PHYSICALLY

The
higher
your
heart
People
who
are
inactive
Lack
ofthe
physical
activity
rate,
harder
the
tend
to
have
higher
also
increases
the risk
of
heart
must
work
with
heart
rates.
being
overweight & the
each contraction
stronger the force on
your arteries

RISK FACTORS
USING TOBACCO

Second
But
the
hand
chemicals
smoke
can
in
This
Not only
can
does
cause
smoking
your
&
also
tobacco
increase
canto
your
the BP
damage
arteries
chewing
tobacco
narrow,
the
lining your
of your
increasing
immediately
raise
BP artery
your
walls
BP temporarily

RISK FACTORS
TOO MUCH SALT IN YOUR
DIET
Too much salt in your
diet can cause your body
to retain fluid in your
body which increases BP

RISK FACTORS
TOO LITTLE POTASSIUM IN
YOUR DIET

you dont
get balance
enough
If
Potassium
helps
potassium
your diet
the amount in
of sodium
in
or
retain
enough
your cells
potassium,
you
may
accumulate too much
sodium in your blood

RISK FACTORS
DRINKING
ALCOHOL

TOO

heavy
Having
more alcohol
than
2 drinks
If Overtime,
you drink
do so
drinking
can
damage
a
for men
& more
than
inday
moderation
1 your
drinkheart
a day for women
may affect your BP

MUCH

RISK FACTORS
STRESS
High level of stress can
temporary increase your
BP

CATEGORY
HYPERTENSION
CATEGORY

SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC

NORMAL
PREHYPERTENSION
HYPERTENSION
STAGE 1
STAGE 2

< 120
120-139

<80
80-89

140-159
= or >160

90-99
100 or
>100

IFESTYLE CHANG
Stop smoking
Lose weight if overweight.
Reduce sodium intake
(<2 gm of sodium or <6
gm of sodium chloride)
Healthy diet. Consume a diet
rich in vegetables, fruits &
low fat dairy products

IFESTYLE CHANG
Reduce dietary saturated
fat & cholesterol intake
for overall cardiovascular
health
Reducing fat intake also helps
reduce calorie intake, which
is important for control of
weight in Type 2 DM

IFESTYLE CHANG
Engage in regular aerobic
exercise
once
BP
is
controlled. At least 30
minutes per day, 5 or
more days in a week
Brisk walking
exercise

is

good

IFESTYLE CHANG
Limit alcohol intake to 12
oz. of beer, 5 Oz of wine,
or oz. of 80-proof
whiskey
Maintain adequate dietary
potassium,
calcium
&
magnesium intake
Compliance with Maintenance
drugs for BP

THANK YOU!!!

THE END