CHAPTER 5: CHEMICAL

BOND

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Transferring electron

Sharing
electron

STABILITY OF NOBLE GASSES

STABLE because the outermost shell are full,

either duplet or octet

Noble Gas cannot donate electron to form positive
ion
Noble Gas cannot receive electron to form negative
ion
Noble gases are difficult to form compounds
because it difficult to form positive ions and
negative ions.
+ve and ve ions are required to form ionic
compound.

FORMATION OF CHEMICAL
BOND

Noble gasses have stable octet/duplet electron

arrangement
Monoatomic gas
Chemically reactive
Atoms of other elements tends to be achieve

stable electron arrangement through the

formation of chemical bonds
Transfer of electron (ionic bond)
Sharing of electron ( covalent bond)

Anion atom accepts electron to form ve ion

Kation atom donates electron to form +ve ion

IONIC BOND

Transfer of electron
Between atoms of metal
and
non-metal
Metal atoms donate
electron
Non metal atoms accept
electron

IONIC BOND

FORMATION OF IONS

Atom donates electron formed cation

Charge
Atom accepts electron formed anion.

particle (ion)

FORMATION OF CATION

2.8

2.8.3
Aluminium atom, Al
Charge of 13 protons = +13
Charge of 13 electron = -13
Total Charge
=0

Aluminium ion, Al+3

Charge of 13 protons = +13
Charge of 13 electron = -10
Total Charge
= +13

Al Al3+ + 3e-

FORMATION OF ANION

2.8.8

2.8.7
Charge of 13 protons =
Charge of 13 electron =
Total Charge
=

Charge of 13 protons =
Charge of 13 electron =
Total Charge
=

Cl + e- Cl-

FORMATION OF
NaCl

Sodium atom, 2.8.1 donates one

electron to achieve the stable octet

electron arrangement, Na+
This electron transferred to chlorine
atom with an electron arrangement 2.8.7
to formed ClNa+ and Cl- formed and attract to one
another by electrostatic forces to form
ionic bond
NaCl formed an ionic compound

COVALENT BOND
Formed when non-metal
atoms share electrons to
achieve stable electron
arrangement
Include: Single bond,
double bond, and
triple bond.

Single
Bond
A pair of electron is shared

between two atoms.

Double
Bond
Two pairs of electrons are shared

between two atoms

Lewis Structure shows only the

valence electron of the atoms
involving in the bonding.

Triple
Bond
Three pairs of electrons are shared

between two atom

Comparison between ionic

and covalent bond
COVALENT
IONIC BOND
BOND
STATE AT
Liquid or
Solid
ROOM TEMP. gaseous
SHAPE
Definite shape Has no
definite shape
MELTING &
Low
High
BOILING
POINT
EXAMPLE

Methane
(CH4), Hydro

Sodium
chloride

COVALENT BOND IONIC BOND

OCCURS
Two non-metals
One metal and
BETWEEN
one non-metal
FORMATI have similar
Non-metals(-ve
ON
electronegativities. ion) are
Neither atom is
"stronger" than
"strong" enough to the metal(+ve
attract electrons
ion) and can
from the other. For get electrons
stabilization, they very easily
share their
from the metal.
electrons from
These two
outer molecular
opposite ions
orbit with others
attract each
other and form

THE END