CONFINED

SPACE ENTRY

PURPOSE
This course is intended to provide
an awareness of the hazards and
requirements associated with
entering confined spaces on the
construction site

What Do We Mean by
Confined Space?
Any enclosed or partially enclosed space located either
above or below ground or deck level where entry is
possible and where there is a risk of oxygen deficiency, or
enrichment, the accumulation of dust or gases which are
flammable or hazardous
Other Criteria
Large Enough To Enter & Work
Has Limited Access or Egress
Not Designed for Human Occupancy

OPP/QGX

Some Examples of
Confined Spaces

Process Vessels
Process Exchangers
Process Towers & Tower Skirts
Tanks
Sumps & Underground Collection Pits
Sewer Systems
Excavation (>1.2mtr).
Pipes
Crawl Spaces (Buildings)

Individual Competence
Before an individual enters a confined space:

He should have received adequate training

Be re-assessed or have received refresher training
Be in possession of a relevant training certificate
Be physically fit
Not suffer from any psychological problems

CONFINED SPACE
HAZARDS

Identification of Confined
Space Hazards
ATMOSPHERIC

Oxygen Deficient
Oxygen Enriched
Toxic
Flammable

PHYSICAL
Noise
Temperature
Electrical
Slips,Trips& Falls
Poor Visibility
Poor Access /Egress
Collapse of structure
Flooding

Atmospheric Hazards
Oxygen Deficiency
Purging of confined space with an inert gas.
Biological processes which consume oxygen.
This can occur in sewers, storage tanks and
storm water drains.
Gradual oxygen depletion in Confined space by
operatives breathing.
A closed vessel can consume oxygen due to the
rusting process.

Atmospheric Hazards
Oxygen Deficiency
Normal Atmosphere
Oxygen level around 21%

Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

Oxygen level is lower than 19.5%

Inert gases (nitrogen or argon)

Flammable gases
Toxic gases or vapour
Formation of rust
Workers own exhalation

Atmospheric Hazards
Oxygen Deficiency
21 %
Normal oxygen level.
19.5 %
Minimum acceptable oxygen level.
15 - 19% Decreased ability to work strenuously.
Impair
coordination. Early symptoms.
12-14% Respiration increases. Poor judgment.
10-12% Respiration increases. Lips blue.
8-10%
Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea
Unconsciousness.
Vomiting.
6-8%
8 minutes - fatal, 6 minutes - 50% fatal
4-5
minutes - possible recovery.
4-6%
Coma in 40 seconds. Death

Atmospheric Hazards
Oxygen enriched
Oxygen level above 23.%.
Causes flammable and combustible materials
to burn violently when ignited.
Hair, clothing, materials, etc.
Oil soaked clothing and materials.
Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.
ventilate
Never store or place compressed tanks OR
cylinders in a confined space.

Atmospheric Hazards
Toxic atmosphere
Product stored in a confined space:
Gases released when cleaning.
Materials absorbed into walls of confined space.
Decomposition of materials in the confined space.

Work performed in a confined space:

Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering.
Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing.
Sealing, bonding, melting.

Areas adjacent to a confined space.

Atmospheric Hazards
Hydrogen Sulphide H2S
Decomposition of materials. Human waste.
Rotten egg odour at low concentrations.
Possibly no warning at high concentrations.
PPM
Effect
Time
10 ppm
50 - 100
200 - 300
500 -700
>1000

Permissible Exposure Level

Mild Irritation - eyes, throat
Significant Irritation
Unconsciousness, Death
Unconsciousness, Death

8 Hours
1 Hour
1 Hour
1/2 - 1 Hour
Minutes

Atmospheric Hazards
carbon monoxide: CO

Odourless, Colourless Gas.

Combustion By-Product.
Quickly collapse at high concentrations.
PPM
Effect
50
Permissible Exposure Level
200
Slight headache, discomfort
600
Headache, discomfort
1000-2000 Confusion, nausea, headache
2000-2500 Unconsciousness

Time
8 Hours
3 Hours
1 Hour
2 Hours
30 Min.

Atmospheric Hazards
flammable atmosphere
2 Critical Factors:
Oxygen content in the air.
Presence of a flammable gas, or vapour

Proper air/gas mixture can lead to explosion

Typical Ignition Sources:
Sparking or electric tool.
Welding / cutting operations.
Smoking

Atmospheric Hazards
flammable atmosphere
Common Types
Methane, Acetylene Gas
Fuel, Solvent, Paint, Vapour
Coal or Grain Dust.

Atmospheric Hazards
SUMMARY
It is not the confined space that harms you
in most cases, its the hazardous
atmosphere contained within it.
It is important to undertake a thorough
Risk Assessment prior to entry taking
into account as much information from
as many sources as you can.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Temperature Extremes

Extremely hot or cold temperatures.

Steam cleaning of confined spaces.
Humidity factors.
Extremely cold liquids.
Work processes inside the confined space
can increase temperature extremes.
Personal protective equipment.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazards
Loose, granular materials stored in bins
and hoppers - grain, sand, coal, etc.
Crusting and bridging below a worker.
Flooding of confined space.
Water or sewage flow.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Other Hazards
Noise.
Amplified due to acoustics within the space.
Damaged hearing, affect communication.

Slick / Wet Surfaces/Access/Egress.

Slips and falls.
Increased chance of electric shock.

Electrical.
Falling Objects.
Topside openings expose workers inside confined space to
falling objects.

Working without Confined Space

Permit

Working
without PTW

DEADLY WATER
VESSEL
During Ruwais
Refinery;
1st. Turn
around - UAE 1983

DUST!
Killed this
worker

OPP/QGX

CONFINED SPACE
REQUIREMENTS
AND CONTROLS

REQUIREMENTS

CAUTION
Confined Space
Safe Work Permit Required

Confined spaces are required to be labeled.

REQUIREMENTS
ATMOSPHERE

GAS TESTING APPROVED PRIOR ENTRY

BY CTJV SAFETY DEPT.
ISOLATION.
X
VENTILATION.
NO GAS CYLINDERS INSIDE CONFINED
SPACE ALLOWED.
RISK ASSESSMENT.

REQUIREMENTS
ATMOSPHERE
OXYGEN LEVEL: BETWEEN 19.5 % AND 23%.
FLAMMABLE GASES: 0 % OF LOWER
EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL)
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO): UNDER 20 PPM
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S): 0 PPM

REQUIREMENTS
PPE

SITE MINIMUM PPE.

When required:
PERSONAL MONITORS.
SAFETY HARNESS/LIFELINE.
GLOVES.
HEARING PROTECTION
BREATHING APPARATUS.
ANY OTHERS BASED ON JOB
REQUIREMENTS.

REQUIREMENTS
LIGHTING HAND HELD
LOW VOLTAGE: BELOW 24 VOLTS
DOUBLE WOUND FULL ISOLATION
STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER
BATTERY SYSTEM
HAND HELD TORCH
PROTECTIVE GUARDS TO PREVENT
BREAKAGE

REQUIREMENTS
ELECTRICAL LIGHTING 240 VOLTS
MOBILE OR FIXED
LAST RESORT OF ILLUMINATION.
DOUBLE WOUND FULL ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER WITH ELCB
LIGHT FIXTURES MUST BE DOUBLE
INSULATED NOT TO BE USED FOR HAND
HELD OPERATION.

REQUIREMENTS
ELECTRICAL HAND HELD TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT
DOUBLE WOUND FULL ISOLATION
STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER TO REDUCE
OUTLET VOLTAGE BELOW 24 VOLTS
BATTERY OPERATED

REQUIREMENTS
ELECTRICAL SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
POTENTIALLY FLAMMABLES AREA:
EXPLOSION PROOF EQUIPMENT TO BE
USED.
CABLES SECURED/SAFE ROUTES
ISOLATION PROCEDURES.

REQUIREMENTS
HOLE WATCH / ATTENDANT

HOLE WATCH TO BE TRAINED

HOLE WATCH TO RECORD PERSONEL IN AND
OUT THE CONFINED SPACE IN THE LOG BOOK.
HOLEWATCH: COMMUNICATION WITH
PERSONNEL INSIDE THE CONFINED SPACE
AND WITH RESCUE TEAMS.

PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

NO PERMIT, NO ENTRY !!
TO BE REQUESTED 24 HRS PRIOR ENTRY
TO CTJV.
PERMIT MUST BE SIGNED BY THE
RELEVANT PERSONS.
POSTED AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE
CONFINED SPACE.

PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

IDENTIFICATION OF THE JOB,

LOCATION AND HAZARDS.
THE DATE OF THE WORK AND
DURATION OF THE PERMIT.
GAS TESTS PRIOR ENTRY AND AT PREDETERMINED INTERVALS RECORDED
ON THE PERMIT.

PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

ALL ISOLATIONS REQUIRED OR OTHER

SPECIFIC CONDITIONS NEEDED TO
PERFORM THE JOB SAFELY.
DAILY CHECKS REGARDING PERMIT
COMPLIANCE TO BE DONE BY
SUPERVISION.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT

Details of Work:
Work Location:
Description of Hazards:
Expected Work Period:

From

hrs To

hrs Date:

Other Permit Required:

Task Supervisor Name:

Signature:

Company:

No. of Workers:

Equipment & Tools to be used:

Safety Checks

Y: Yes

Item

N: No,
NA

N / A ; Not Applicable

Item

No hazardous substances present

Communication to raise alarm in SHES

department provided

Isolated / blinded from system

Communication with work party provided

No combustible material inside

Workers to work in pairs

Natural / forced ventilation provided

Lifeline furnished

Breathing apparatus provided

Standby rescue equipment provided

Explosion proof electrics furnished

Workers received safety training

Adequate lighting provided

Other necessary precautions:

Hole Watch or rescue staff standing by outside

confined space

Atmospheric Measuring Result:

Time
Before
work starts
10:00
13:00
15:00
Remarks:

O2%

H2S ppm

LEL %

Permit Approval:
Validity of the Permit From: : hrs. to : hrs. Date:
Reviewed by (CTJV Line Spv) Name:
Sign.
Approved by (CTJV Area CM) Name:
Sign.
Concurred by COMPANY, Name:
Sign.
Concurred by QGI, Name:
Sign.
CTJV HSE Department Name:
Sign.
Received by (Subcontractor Spv) Name:
Original

Workplace;

1st Copy Operating Party

Name

Signature

Permit Revalidation:
From: : Hrs, To: : Hrs Date:
Approved;
Signature:
Permit Closure:

Performing Party:
Operating Party
2nd Copy CTJV PTW Coordinator

Signature:
Signature:

N/A

CTJV Confined Space Entry Permit Back Page (Original)

PERMIT REVALIDATION: (Revalidation indicates that conditions have not changed since its first issue )
Date
Wanted

Time
Wanted

Operating Party
Signature

CTJV / QGII Authorised Gas Tester

Time

Time

Gas Test / Ongoing Test

O2%

H2S

LEL

Performing Party
Signature

Others

REQUIREMENTS
RESCUE

Emergency: The Supervisor

to call immediately for
assistance and evacuate the
confined space if possible.

REQUIREMENTS
RESCUE

EMERGENCY

Under no circumstances
hole watch or anybody
else to enter the confined
space to rescue a casualty
without the assistance of
Emergency Team.

Supervisor Responsibilities
To assure adequate protection is provided to the
entrants by verifying adequate lockout/tagout
and that all hazards are securely isolated.
To support the attendants authority in
controlling access to a confined space.
To verify that all personnel have exited prior to
closing the space.
To assure that all personnel involved are aware
of the hazards associated with the space.
(Conduct Pre-Start Toolbox).
To assure that rescue services are available prior
to entry.

Attendant Responsibilities
To monitor entrants during the job and during
entry & exit to help insure their safety.
The attendant may not abandon his post for any reason
while personnel are in the space unless relieved by another
qualified attendant.

To control access to the confined space.

To summon emergency assistance as needed.
To assess hazards in and around the space, and
take action on the same.
To keep records of confined space work, such as
air test results, personnel entry/exit, etc.

Entrant Responsibilities
To immediately exit a space, without question, upon
word of the attendant, no matter what the reason.
To follow all safety rules and procedures that apply
to the job.
To be familiar with the work to be performed and
the procedures that apply to the job. (Pre-Start
Toolbox)
To use the appropriate PPE whenever necessary.
DO not Enter in any confined space without a valid
confined space entry permit. !!!

SUMMARY

PREPARATION.
PERMIT.
COMPETENT PERSONNEL.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.
ISOLATION WHEN NECESSARY.
VENTILATION.
TESTING ATMOSPHERE.

SUMMARY
SIGNAGE IN PLACE
COMMUNICATION AND EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES IN PLACE.
BRIEFING CONDUCTED BY SUPERVISOR
IN CHARGE.
IF ANY DOUBT, ASK, ASK AND ASK
AGAIN !!!

Confined Space Training Identification Badge

ID # 00002
Name

company

Expiring Date

Confined Space Entry Safety.

Only people who have attended CSE Training may enter

A gas test MUST be completed before entry
A valid PTW MUST be completed before entry
A Hole Watch must be present at all times.
Communication with the Hole Watch must be in place
A rescue Plan and Equipment MUST be in place

ISUED ON

SIGNATURE

CONFINED

SPACE

TEST

QUESTION 1

GIVE 4 EXAMPLES OF A
CONFINED SPACE

QUESTION 2
WHO IS PERMITTED TO ENTER A
CONFINED SPACE?
(a) Anybody
(b) Those who have attended CTJV Induction
(c) Those who have attended and passed the
CTJV Confined Space Entry Training.
(d) Those instructed by their supervisor

QUESTION 3
IDENTIFY 2
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS

QUESTION 4
IDENTIFY 4 PHYSICAL
HAZARDS

QUESTION 5

WHAT IS THE NORMAL OXGEN

%LEVEL ?
(a) 23%
(b) 21%
(c) 19%
(d) 17.5%

QUESTION 6
WHAT IS THE PERMISSIBLE
EXPOSURE LEVEL FOR H2S?

(a) 0 ppm
(b) 10%
(c) 10 ppm
(d) 13%

QUESTION 7

TO WHAT VOLTAGE MUST ALL

ELECTRICAL HAND TOOLS BE
REDUCED TO?
(a) below 100v
(b) 24V
(c) below 60v
(d) below 80v

QUESTION 8
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
RECORDING PERSONNEL IN AND
OUT OF A CONFINED SPACE?
(a) SUPERVISOR
(b) HSE DEPARTMENT
(c) DESIGNATED HOLE WATCH
(d) QATARGAS REP

QUESTION 9
WHAT IS THE MINIMUM TIME A
PERMIT CAN BE REQUESTED FROM
CTJV?
(a) 12hrs
(b) 24hrs
(c) Just prior to entry
(d) Any time

QUESTION 10
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
ENSURING EMERGENCY SERVICES
ARE AVAILABLE PRIOR TO ENTRY
TO CONFINED SPACE?
(a) Hole Watch
(b) Supervisor
(c) HSE
(d) QATARGAS