Minggu : X

PERMESINAN PERKAPALAN II
KODE : LS 1330
Semester VI

APLIKASI GAS TURBINE

DI KAPAL
Dosen :
Ir. H. Agoes Santoso, MSc., MPhil., CEng.,
(MIMarEST, MRINA)

MATERI KULIAH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Review Marine Engineering 1

Review Marine Engineering 2
Review Thermodinamika Motor Bakar
Analisa siklus daya - Steam Turbine 1
Analisa Siklus Daya Steam Turbine 2
Aplikasi Steam Turbine di Kapal 1
Aplikasi Steam Turbine di Kapal 2
Gas Turbine Cycle
Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)

10. Aplikasi Gas Turbine di Kapal

11. Boiler
12. Aplikasi Boiler di Kapal
13. Combined Cycle Power Plant
14. Aplikasi CCPP di Kapal
15. Engine Propeller Matching untuk Motor Rotary
16. Sistem penunjang kerja Steam Turbine sebagai penggerak utama Kapal
17. Sistem penunjang kerja Gas Turbine sebagai penggerak utama Kapal
18. Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS)

Many warships built since the 1960s have used gas turbines for propulsion, as have a
few passenger ships, like the jetfoil. Gas turbines are commonly used in combination
with other types of engine. Most recently, the Queen Mary 2 has had gas turbines
installed in addition to diesel engines. Due to their poor thermal efficiency at low power
(cruising) output, it is common for ships using them to have diesel engines for
cruising, with gas turbines reserved for when higher speeds are needed. Some
warships and a few modern cruise ships have also used the steam turbines to improve
the efficiency of their gas turbines in a combined cycle, where wasted heat from a gas
turbine exhaust is utilized to boil water and create steam for driving a steam turbine. In
such combined cycles, thermal efficiency can be the same or slightly greater than that
of diesel engines alone; however, the grade of fuel needed for these gas turbines is far
more costly than that needed for the diesel engines, so the running costs are still
higher.

0.101
399
Leakage,
Sealing air

Recuperater

0.777
608

Fuel
0.101
15

0.284
126

Combustor
0.811
290

0.110
674

0.299
907

0.746
1200

Load
Axial
comp.

Radial
comp.

GGT

PT

Cooling air

Press. (MPa)
Temp.

()

Aplikasi Aero-Derivative Turbin gas :

Pemakaian bahanbakar lebih tinggi
Dan harga komponen lebih tinggi dibanding mesin diesel
Pelebaran Aplikasi Turbin Gas untuk berbagai kelas kapal.
Pengembangan suatu NOX Rendah dan Efisiensi Tinggi 2,500kW
Turbin Gas kelas berdasar pada Teknologi Turbin Gas Industri.
Siklus Mesin/Motor SMGT

Main
Nozzle

Pilot
Nozzle

Supplimetal
Nozzle

Combined Rolls-Royce for Naval Ships

(a) Combined gas turbine and/or gas turbine

(GOGAG/GOGOG)

(b) Combined diesel and/or gas turbine

(CODAG/CODOG)

(c) Combined dieselelectric and gas

turbine(CODLAG)

Gas Turbine Electric Drive LNG Carrier

The gas turbine electric drive power plant is the
power plant that allows most flexibility in the design
and layout of the vessel. The gas turbine drives the
propeller shaft by way of an electric shaft. This
arrangement allows the gas turbine generator
power plant to be located away from the tank top.
In this case, the power plant is housed in the
superstructure, located over the mooring winch
deck. The engine room size can therefore be
reduced substantially, increasing cargo capacity
by approximately 19,000 cubic meter.
The traditional LNG carrier hull can be maintained, to minimize redesign costs.
1 x Dual-fuel marine gas turbine generator, output 27 MWe;
1 x Steam turbine generator, output approximately 10 MWe;
1 x Exhaust gas boiler with supplementary firing and duct firing capabilities;
1 x Frequency controlled electric motor;
1 x FPP.

The free power turbine of the gas turbine drives the generator. The generator feeds into the
main switchboard. The main switchboard feeds all electric consumers. The propeller is
driven by a frequency controlled electric motor. The exhaust gasses from the gas turbine
raise steam in an exhaust gas boiler. This steam is used to produce power in a 10 MWe
steam turbine generator. The steam turbine generator also feeds into the main switchboard.

The advantages are:

High thermal efficiency;
Up to 13.8 % more cargo capacity;
Propulsion and power generation redundancy;
Dual-fuel capability;
No hull redesign cost;
FPP can be used without reversing gear;
Low maintenance;
Simplified engine room arrangement, smaller steam system, smaller cooling water system;
Reduced installation and commissioning time in the shipyard through factory assembled
and tested package.

The disadvantage are:

Energy conversion losses in the electric drive system;
Gas compressor required to supply gaseous fuel at
30 bar pressure to the gas turbine.
Parasitic load can go up to 2.3 MWe;
More complex and expensive than mechanical drive;

The operational profile of the power plant can be divided in a few distinct service modes:
Normal cruising speed:
Loaded:
The gas turbine generator is the prime mover, using the available BOG as primary fuel.
Gas turbine exhaust gas heat is recovered in the boiler to generate steam. The gas
turbine generator and the steam turbine generator feed the electric consumers from the
main switchboard. The electric motor mounted on the propeller shaft drives the
propeller.
In ballast:
Heel scenario: The gas turbine generator is the prime mover, using the available BOG
as primary fuel. To make up the balance of the fuel requirements, extra LNG has been
left in the tanks to be re-gassified when required. Gas turbine exhaust gas heat is
recovered in the boiler to generate steam. The gas turbine generator and the steam
turbine generator feed the electric consumers from the main switchboard. The electric
motor mounted on the propeller shaft drives the propeller;
Heel + liquid fuel scenario: The gas turbine generator is the prime mover, using the
available BOG as primary fuel. To make up the balance of the fuel requirements, liquid
fuel (MDO) will be supplied. Gas turbine exhaust gas heat is recovered in the boiler to
generate steam. The gas turbine generator and the steam turbine generator feed the
electric consumers from the main switchboard. The electric motor mounted on the
propeller shaft drives the propeller;
Liquid fuel scenario: The gas turbine generator is the prime mover, using liquid fuel as
primary fuel. Gas turbine exhaust gas heat is recovered in the boiler to generate steam. The
gas turbine generator and the steam turbine generator feed the electric consumers from the
main switchboard. The electric motor mounted on the propeller shaft drives the propeller.

Maneuvering:
The gas turbine generator is the prime mover, using the available BOG as primary fuel. The
gas turbine generator and the steam turbine generator feeds into the main switchboard. The
main switchboard supplies all electric consumers, including 4 MWe propulsion power to the
propeller and 2 MWe bowthruster load;
Should the gas turbine generator fail during maneuvering, can the steam turbine generator
pick up the propulsion load. Steam for the steam turbine generator will be raised by firing
the boiler on either BOG or liquid fuel or a mixture of both;
Should the steam turbine generator fail during maneuvering, can the gas turbine generator
supply the electric consumers through the main switchboard.
Harbour load:
The steam turbine generator is supplying the electric consumers through the main
switchboard. Steam is being raised by firing the boiler on liquid fuel.
Cargo discharge:
The steam turbine generator is supplying the cargo pumps and the electric consumers
through the main switchboard. Steam is being raised by firing the boiler on liquid fuel.
Emergency situations:
Should the gas turbine generator fail during the voyage, can the steam turbine generator
provide approximately 8 MWe to the propeller shaft through the electric motor on the
propeller shaft. Steam is being raised by firing the boiler on either BOG, BOG and liquid fuel
or liquid fuel only, depending on availability. 8 MW propulsion power should keep the vessel
maneuverable and she can proceed to the nearest port for repairs, should it prove
impossible to remedy the problems at sea.

Aplikasi untuk Fast commersial

Vessel, luxury and superyatch.
Mark I version memberikan power
Output 2.44 MW dengan thermal
Efficiency sebesar 31.8%
Eurodyne matching dengan
KaMeWa waterjet.
Eurodyne siap untuk instalasi
CHP (Combined Heat & Power)

Stal GT35 Marine Gas Turbine buatan ABB

Stal GT35 Marine Gas Turbine buatan ABB

Sampai April 1995 saja telah terpasang 128 unit GT35 di Land-based
dan Offshore Platform Power Generation.
GT35 dirancang menghasilkan power output 17,3 MW pada 3450 rpm
Effisiensi tercatat 33%
KEUNGGULAN GT35 :
- Robustness (continous high power output, minimum degradation, etc)
- Low installed weight (meningkatkan payload kapal)
- Large Combustors (efisien untuk membakar HFO)
- Low Turbine Inlet Temp. (low grade fuel, simple turbine cooling)
- Modularised engine Design (komplet paket)
- Modularised off-engine installation

MARINE GAS TURBINE for HOVERCRAFT

4 unit Landing hovercraft ini
dibangun Jan 2000 di Greece.
Total cost US$ 200 million
ZUBR ini merupakan landing
hovercraft terbesar didunia
Total berat 555 Tons
Payload cargo 50 Tons
ZUBR membawa 2 unit M35-1 module untuk Lifting engine dan 3 module M35-2
untuk Thrusting engine dengan Gas Turbine tipe DP71 dengan power 7500 KW.
DP71 memiliki three-shaft turbine dengan efficiency 31.5% dan pressure ratio 16,6:1
ZUBR mampu lari 60 knots dengan endurance 800 km

Ferry ini menggunakan 2 x 17 MW Industrial GT untuk speed 40 knots.

Uniknya bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah HFO tipe IF30

ROLLS-ROYCE EXPERIENCE SUMMARY

ON NAVY PROPULSION POWER
PRODUCT

NO. SOLD

TOTAL HP

Olympus
Spey
Tyne
Proteus
Gnome

249
145
188
273
121

6.5 m
3.2 m
1.0 m
1.2 m
0.2 m

TOTAL

975

12.1 m

APLIKASI GAS TURBINE DI OFFSHORE

GT memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan power plant lain saat digunakan di Rigs :

- Dapat memanfaatkan LPG yg merupakan waste gas dari produksi minyak
- Dapat menggunakan LNG pada Rigs produksi gas alam
- Spesific weight dan spesifik volume yang relatif kecil
- Power availability

APLIKASI GAS TURBINE DI HIGH SPEED FERRY

HSS900 CATAMARAN
HSS900 membawa 900 PAX + 210 cars
Cruising speed 40 knots
GT waterjet propulsion system dengan
Power total 2x17MW dengan tipe
Stal GT35
ABB membuat kontrak US$ 28 M untuk
2 unit kapal ini pada tahun 1995

SPEY FOR LARGE FAST FERRIES

SPEY MARINE ROLLS-ROYCE

MARINE SPEY ideal untuk Fast Ferry

Ideal untuk DESIGNER :
- 80% weight + 60% volume saving
(dibanding MSDE)
- Memungkinkan optimalisasi Hull-form
- Kebutuhan power kapal lebih rendah

Ideal untuk SHIPBUILDER

- Single Module sehingga mudah diinstalasi
- Sistem bantu (ancillary) sudah fitted
- Komplet dengan sistem control

Ideal untuk Operator

- Long life dan low maintenance modular engine
- Biaya BBM rendah ( dibanding MSDE)
- Dapat beroperasi dengan Marine Gas Oil
- Bebas getaran
- Fully enclosed engine sehingga safety dan kebisingan bagus
- Torque tidak terbatas
- Kemampuan Full black-out running
- Start-up cepat dan tidak perlu pre-heating dan mampu cross starting
- Tidak nampak asap pada semua power level

MF61-MITSUBISHI GAS TURBINE

MF61-MITSUBISHI GAS TURBINE

Kapal membawa 2xMTU dengan total power output 7.13 MW pada 1700 rpm dan GT dengan power 20.8 MW

DESTRIERO
berbahan Light alloy mampu lari 53 knots dengan endurance 3106 mile.
Yatch ini memakai 3 unit LM1600 GT yang merupakan derivasi F-18 dan F-117
dengan power output masing-masing 14.7 MW atau 20.000 HP
Kapal membawa BBM
sebesar 700 tons.
On-board genset memakai
2 unit MTU 12V 183

TURBO MECHANICAL SYSTEM Co. mengembangkan GIESEL 700 HP sebagai

Hybrid Diesel/Gas Turbine engine untuk military vehicle applications. GT terdiri dari 8"
diameter compressor dan turbine spool. Compressor mencapai efficiency 80% pada
pressure ratio 5 : 1 dan turbine efficiency 88%.

Gas turbine secara mekanik dirancang terkonek ke output

shaft dari two-stroke turbocharged diesel engine yang
mampu menggandakan output dari 350 ke 700 HP. Saat
operasi normal pada low power, full advantage dicapai dari
low SFOC pada diesel engine, saat dash mode
keuntungan dicapai dari low specific weight turbo
compounded engine yang secara substansial akan boost
terhadap power output.

Roll Royce Naval Bussines di Bristol telah mensuplay 70 unit GT ke seluruh

dunia.

MT30
Memiliki power maximum rating 40MW pada 15C dan 38MW pada 38C
Tipe Aeroderivative berbasis Trent 800 jet engine
Twin-pool, High Pressure ratio GT
Konfigurasi Axial Intake Plenum atau Compact Rotatable Radial Intake
Compact, lightweight
8-stages variable geometry IP compressor
6-stages HP compressor
Keuntungan utama :
Power/Weight ratio sangat tinggi
Dipasang di :
Queen Elizabeth Class Aircraft Carrier
Littoral Combat Ship LCS
Zumwalt Destroyer

RR mensuplai : 2 x MT30 disetiap kapal

2 x RR4500 auxiliary generator

INTEGRATED ELECTRIC PROPULSION (IEP)

2 x MT30 combinded dengan Converteam alternator
4 x Wartsila Diesel
Total power di kapal 109 MW

This week saw delivery of the first Advanced Induction Motor (AIM) to shipbuilder BAE
Systems Govan, yard for installation in the Royal Navy's Queen Elizabeth Class (QEC)
aircraft carrier construction blocks, presently being built on the River Clyde in Scotland.
The ship has an Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) system and uses four 20MW
(27,000 hp) electric motors of a similar type to that used in the UKs Type 45 destroyers
which use only two, one per shaft. The motors are driven by a Converteam VDM 25000
pulse width modulated converter which produces a variable frequency output allowing
the shaft speed to be controlled across the full operating range, thereby eliminating the
need for a gearbox. The four motors, two per shaft, are located in three separate
compartments for better damage control and suvivability.
A platform management system is provided by L-3 Communications and includes a fully
integrated propulsion power management system that controls the operation of the turbo
and diesel generating sets for optimum efficiency.
For aspects of stability the diesel gensets are located low in the ship and were delivered
at an earlier stage of the construction. The Converteam generators are powered by two
Wrtsil 16V38s of 11 MW (15,000 hp) and two Wrtsil 12V38s of 9 MW (12,000 hp).
The two relatively lighter Rolls-Royce MT30 gas turbine generators are mounted higher
in the ship to shorten the air downtakes and exhausts.
The range of the carrier without refuelling is stated as being 10,000 nautical miles
(19,000 km).

WR-21
Marine GT besar lainnya yg dipakai di Kapal Destroyer besar dari Royal Navy adalah
WR-21.
Type Aeroderivative Gas Turbine pertama yg memakai teknologi compressor
intercooler dan exhaust gas recuperation.
SFOC rendah di semua kondisi load profile.
Power 25 MW pada 35C dimana terjadi penghematan BBM sebesar 25 ~ 27% dan
efisiensi thermal sebesar 43%.
WR-21 memiliki core system dari RB221 dan Trent.
Unit terdiri dari Gas Generator dan Power Turbine
Karena ukurannya relatif kecil dan ringan maka modul dapat digantikan modul baru
untuk menurunkan maintenance costs dan down time.

INTERCOOLER terletak diantara seksi KOMPRESSOR untuk mendinginkan

udara IPC sebelum masuk ke HPC.
Temperature inlet HPC akan turun sehingga HPC dapat bekerja memberikan
booster yang siknifikan terhadap POWER engine.
Intercooler juga meningkatkan efektifitas RECUPERATOR karena dengan
turunnya inlet temperatur maka akan meningkatkan exhaust heat recovery.
RECUPERATOR melakukan recovery dan mentransfer energi panas dari gas
buang panas untuk digunakan sbg PREHEAT COMBUSTION pada udara,
sehingga kebutuhan BBM menjadi berkurang banyak untuk mencapai PTET
yang sama (Power Turbine Entry Temp).
Hasilnya adalah untuk mencapai power yang sama akan dibutuhkan bahan
bakar yang semakin sedikit.
VAN (Variable Area Nozzle) diletakkan di entrance dari power turbine. Dimana
perintah OPEN dan CLOSE untuk mengatur flow rate dari massa udara yang
masuk ke engine.

Type 45 destroyer

Type 45 destroyer

Produk Roll Royce yang lebih kecil adalah :

AG9140
merupakan Gas Turbine Alternator dengan power 3MW 440V.
Sudah terpasang 300 unit di kapal dimana termasuk 5 kapal Class
Destroyer Alreight Burke milik US Navy.
RR4500
Gas Turbine Generator dengan power 4,5 MW. Dipasang di Zumwalt
Class Destroyer sbg auxiliary turbine generator
MT7
Marinized type dari AE-familly Aero-engine dengan power 4 ~ 5 MW.
RR juga mengembangkan marinised version dari SPEY dengan
power antara 12 ~ 19,5 MW.
Sudah terjual 150 units diantaranya untuk US Navy dan Japan MSDF

TERIMA KASIH