Developed for Science

Laboratories

This training presentation has been

created for those who are required to
undergo general laboratory safety training
and have not taken this training with their
supervisor. It is also recommended for
those laboratories that do not fall under
regulation, but are needing a safety
laboratory overview.
There are hyperlinks throughout the presentation. Where there is the
following icon additional training is required. Training

Introduction
Laboratory safety is the key to reducing injury
and illness. There are many exposures in the
laboratory that pose a hazard to your health
and you may have never considered them as a
hazard before. It is important to have proper
training so you, as the employee, are aware of
the potential dangers that may threaten your
health or life.

Introduction
As you go through this training module, you will
have a better understanding regarding the
concept of safety and how safety is utilized in
every aspect of your life. The University has an
obligation to protect each student, assistant,
faculty and staff. There are also regulations
that pertain to ISU to ensure compliance. Lets
take a look at the different agencies that are
involved!

Agency
Information
Several agencies are involved in safety compliance at the
University. The following agencies impact our laboratories as
far as safety is involved.

National Institute of Health (NIH)

In charge of laboratories that use or contain
recombinant DNA. They specify the practices
for constructing and handling the rDNA.

Agency Information
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

In charge of laboratories that use or contain

infectious agents. They are focused on protecting
personnel and the laboratory environmental from
exposure to infectious agents. They are also
aiming at preventative measures by adhering to
strict containment.

Agency Information
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)

OSHA primarily monitors Hazardous Materials,

Hazard Communication, Bloodborne Pathogens,
and Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
Chemicals in Laboratories at ISU. OSHA is in
charge of monitoring work conditions and
eliminating physical and health hazards at the
work place.

Agency Information
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The EPA is in charge of the wastes that ISU
generates and stores. Many hazardous wastes
are used in research laboratories and they pose
a threat to humans, animals, plants, and the
environment. There are also biohazardous
wastes that are regulated and must be properly
decontaminated and disposed of.

Agency
Information
Environmental Health & Safety Office (EHS)
The EHS office plays a large role in overseeing
the various activities that take place on
campus. They interpret laws and regulations,
and maintain up-to-date records of current
health and safety standards. The duties range
from fire safety and laboratory safety to training
and emergency response.

Why Training?
Training is by far the most important aspect of
safety. Training not only reduces illness/injury
but also increases worker efficiency and
awareness. Training is required by regulation
and ISU has high regard for fulfilling this
commitment. Preventing hazards and increasing
awareness is the goal for the EHS office.

Who is in Charge of Training?

Everyone on campus is in charge of training.
The individual is responsible for
participation of the training, comprehending
the information, and utilize the information
for the specific duties. The supervisor is in
charge of providing proper and effective
training. The EHS office provides assistance
to departments in achieving regulatory
compliance and developing proactive
strategies.

Introduction to the
Laboratory

Lets Get Started!

Working in a laboratory can be an
exciting experience. It can also
pose many threats and hazards
that a traditional classroom does
not. That is why it is important to
know your surroundings. Know
where the exits to your room are.
There may be more than one exit
which could be critical in the case
of an emergency. Your supervisor
will go over the emergency action
plan including the escape route
procedures for your room.

Know Your Surroundings

It is also recommended to be aware of the fire
extinguishers in location to your laboratory. In
order to fight a fire one must undergo the proper
training. Campus personnel are highly
encouraged to not fight fires. In the event of a
fire, the first response is to evacuate the area and
notify the fire department! Any campus phone
will initially direct calls to the ISU Police Dept. and
from there the fire dept. will be dispatched. From
any campus phone just dial 911. Do not wait any
longer than necessary to call, time is of essence!

Know Your Surroundings

Know where the fire alarm is in proximity to
your laboratory. Is it right down the hall or is
it in the stairwell? If there is a fire, a quick
response is the best response. Have your
supervisor show you the closest alarm. The
fire safety training will detail the safety
procedures for your lab.
Training

Know Your Surroundings

Many laboratories contain hazardous substances.
A hazardous substance is defined as a
material/substance that poses a physical or
health hazard. This includes both chemicals and
biological agents.
A Biohazard is defined as any organism that is
capable of replication and is capable of causing
disease in human, animal or plant.
There are differences between a physical hazard
and a health hazard. Lets take a look.

Know Your Surroundings

A health hazard has the following
characteristics:
Carcinogen
Toxic or highly toxic
Reproductive Toxins
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Hepatotoxins
Nephrotoxins
Neurotoxins

Know Your Surroundings

A physical hazard has the following
characteristics:
Explosive
Flammable
Oxidizer
Pyrophoric
Organic peroxide
Compressed gas
Combustible liquid
Unstable
(Reactive)
Water-reactive

Know Your Surroundings

When physical hazards and health
hazards exist, it is very important to know
where the eye wash/safety shower is
located. Unexpected accidents do occur
and knowing where to go at the time of an
emergency can reduce injury/illness.

Know Your Surroundings

First aid kits have a variety of quick relief
items. If your lab has a first aid kit, find
out where it is. If more than first aid is
needed, it is recommended to go to
Student Health Services for further
treatment. In an event that would require
more than first aid to be treated, report it
to the EHS office within the next 24
hours.

Know Your Surroundings

When there are chemical, biological,
or radioactive agents being used, an
emergency spill kit should be
available. If there is a spill kit in your
lab, find its location. Further Spill
information will be addressed later in
this presentation.

Know Your Surroundings

Each laboratory has a telephone in a
designated area for use. The
emergency contact numbers are
posted near the phone in every
laboratory on ISU campus.

Know What Hazards are

Present

Hazards in your Lab

Each lab is faced with different hazards.
There could be exposure to biological,
chemical, or radioactive material, which
may pose a variety of physical and/or
health hazards. This training will be
primarily focusing on biological hazards
and some chemical hazards. Lets look
at these hazards a little closer.

Hazards in your Lab

A biological hazard includes an organism or
material of biological origin that could
potentially cause harm to humans, animals,
or infectious
plants. agent is an organism capable of
An

producing infection or disease in human, animal or

plant.
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is defined as molecules
that are constructed outside living cells by joining
natural or synthetic DNA segments to DNA
molecules that can replicate in a living cell or
molecules that result from the replication of those
described above.

Hazards in your Lab

Infectious agents pose a threat because
these agents can cause illness or death to
both people and animals. Special
precautions must be taken to reduce the
potential release of these agents. Each
laboratory that is using an infectious agent
must perform an additional lab specific
training. This is to communicate the hazards
of the agent that is specific to your
laboratory.

Training

Hazards in your Lab

Infectious agents fall under CDC
guidelines. Depending on the organism
you are working with or exposed to will
depend on the proper safety precautions
to take. These are designated at different
Biosafety Levels (BSL). The more
pathogenic the agent, the more stringent
the safety precautions are.

Hazards in your Lab

The lab that works with infectious
agents, depending on the Biosafety Level
(BSL), will vary in accordance to the
safety equipment that is used, the facility
(lab) design, the equipment that is used,
and the practices that must be followed.

Hazards in your Lab

Biosafety levels will

be discussed in detail
by your supervisor
during the Lab
Specific Training.

Training

Hazards in your Lab

rDNA can also poses a threat to human and animal health.
Depending on the molecules that are being manipulated,
the hazards will vary. rDNA can be manipulated using
cultures, animals, plants, and also humans.
The risk will depend on several factors including the
organism and the media being used. The containment
levels will depend on the organisms that carry the
recombinant DNA.

Hazards in your Lab

The term containment in the laboratory setting is
defined as the confinement of a biohazardous
agent that is being cultured, stored,
manipulated, transported, or destroyed in order
to prevent or limit its contact with people and/or
the environment. Methods used for containment
include physical and biological barriers and
inactivation using physical or chemical means.

Containment is integrated into the

distinguished biosafety levels.

Hazards in your Lab

Chemicals can pose a significant hazard. They should

be limited to the use under a properly working fume
hood. Chemicals can release hazardous fumes which
not only harm the environment, but they can be a
major health threat. They must be handled carefully
and disposed of properly.

Hazards in your Lab

When a chemical is in the laboratory, the hazards of that
chemical must be communicated to you. According to
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a
Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is required to relay
information regarding procedures, equipment, PPE, and
work practices that are capable of protecting employees
from health hazards.
Your supervisor is in charge of providing the information
contained in the CHP to you.

Lab Safety
The following guidelines have been established
to minimize the hazards in a laboratory setting.
It is important to take responsibility for your
actions and to keep in mind that irresponsible
acts could have lasting future effects.
The next portion of the training is simply review
and is meant to remind you of responsible
conduct in a laboratory setting. As the hazards
increase, the risks increase, and the
responsibility must increase.

Lab Attire
You should remember the
following:
No open-toed shoes
No shorts unless a lab coat is used
Restrain hair when working with hazardous
materials
Remove protective clothing in public
Use the proper Personal Protective Equipment
for the job

Personal Habits
Personal habits play a large role in
minimizing hazards. The following
measures must be taken:
Do not eat, drink, smoke, chew gum or apply
cosmetics, or remove/insert contact lenses
while in the laboratory
Do not store food or beverages in the lab or in
chemical refrigerator
Do not mouth pipette
Wash hands before leaving laboratory or after
handling contaminated material

Safe Practices
These safe practices should be followed to ensure
safe working conditions:
Do not use chipped or cracked glassware
When working with hazardous materials, have a
second person nearby
Know emergency procedures
Keep the laboratory neat and clean
Use hazardous chemicals under a fume hood and
biohazardous materials under a biosafety cabinet
(BSC)
Decontaminate as needed
All procedures should be performed to minimize
aerosol

Know details/location of your

vital Laboratory Information!

Laboratory
Information
Each lab contains an Emergency Action Plan which
is required for emergency situations. This is used
to inform faculty/staff/students of the procedures
to follow in the event of an emergency. This
includes the following information:

Laboratory
Information
The labs that are using infectious agents
and/or rDNA are also required to have the ISU
Biosafety Manual available. Specific
guidelines for research are outlined in this
manual. If any questions arise regarding
regulations, this manual should be used as a
resource.

Laboratory
Information
The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is similar to the Hazard
Communication Program, but this is specifically for
laboratories with chemicals. This is to relay information
regarding procedures, equipment, PPE, and work
practices that are capable of protecting employees from
health hazards. If you are working with acids, it would be
nice to know what personal protective equipment is
necessary and what health hazards are associated with
it.

Chemical Hygiene
According to the laboratory standard, for those labs
that have chemicals the following training topics
must be addressed:
Methods and observations that may be used to
detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemicals.
Physical and health hazards
Measures employees can take to protect
themselves from hazards
Details of the CHP
This training is covered in the Hazard Communication
Training Presentation
Training

Chemical Hygiene
Plan
Methods and observations used to detect
the presence or release of chemicals will
be specific to your lab. A good indication
of the presence of a chemical is to rely on
your senses. Can you see it or smell it?
Is a monitoring device needed to detect
it? This can be important information if
the chemical is an asphyxiant and pushes
oxygen out of the room you are in.

Chemical Hygiene
Protection against chemicals is a combination
of work procedures or practices, emergency
procedures, and PPE. Some chemicals can
only be handled under certain conditions. It is
important to use proper handling procedures
and practices as advised. The emergency
procedures for chemical accidents is to first
evacuate the area and then notify your
supervisor, ISU campus police and EHS office if
necessary.

Chemical Hygiene
Each lab that has chemicals will have
a lab specific Chemical Hygiene Plan.
This plan will detail the procedures
and practices for your specific
location. It is your responsibility to
make sure that you review the CHP.

Labeling
It is important to know as much about a
chemical as possible. The most
dangerous substance is the one that has
no label. Communicating information is
essential in the science field.

Labeling
Labeling is also required for chemicals
that are in a secondary container
unless it is to be used within an 8 hr
period. When labeling the secondary
container the following information
must
be included:
Identity
of the hazardous chemical
Appropriate hazard warnings
Name and address of the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or other
responsible party.

MSDS
There are several constituents that are
covered in the Laboratory Standard.
Among these constituents includes
labeling and the MSDS. Lets look more
closely at the content of the MSDS.
MSDS

MSDS
In addition to labeling in a laboratory, the
next most important type of
communication regarding hazards is the
MSDS. This is the acronym for Material
Safety Data Sheet. This will communicate
the information necessary regarding
hazards associated with chemicals and
also biological agents.

MSDS
So what is an MSDS? An MSDS is a document
that relays vital information about certain
chemicals and biological agents. Check below
to see what content the MSDS contains!

MSDS
Content
Click here!

Reading the MSDS

Each component of the MSDS is broken
down into sections. Each section goes into
detail about what precautions to take and
the characteristics of the substance. This
is for both chemicals and biological
agents. See the below links for example
MSDSs.
MSDS Biological
Agent

MSDS
Chemical

Laboratory
Information

Why is an MSDS important? When you know

characteristics about a substance it can aid
in precautionary measure to take when usin
it. Also, if there is a spill either on a surface
or on your skin, the MSDS can supply you
with the information needed for first aid.

MSDS
The MSDS to every chemical in
your lab must be available to you.
It may be in a notebook in your
lab. Make sure you find the
location of the MSDSs in your
room.
MSDS

Hazard Communication
If chemicals are used, Hazard
Communication training must be
conducted. This training is specifically for
the labs that use chemicals and the
training can be accessed through the EHS
website.

Training

Exposure Control
Plan

The Exposure Control Plan is required for the labs

that have exposure to human blood or Other
Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM). This includes
human blood or human blood products such as
semen or vaginal secretions. This also includes
fluids such as: cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural,
pericardial, peritoneal and amniotic. Saliva and
body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood
also is considered OPIM.

Exposure Control
Plan
The Exposure Control Plan is established to
make an exposure determination and a
schedule of implementation for methods of
compliance, HBV vaccination and postexposure evaluation including follow-up,
HazCom, and recordkeeping. If you are
working with human blood or OPIM, you
must talk with your supervisor and locate
the Exposure Control Plan.
There would only be a select few

Personal Protective
Equipment

What is
PPE?
PPE is short for personal protective equipment. This is
the equipment that is necessary to protect yourself
from hazardous and biohazardous materials. PPE
could be gloves, safety glasses, lab coat, shoe covers,
respirator or any other item that could protect you
from dangerous materials that you may encounter in
the lab.

When to use PPE

Knowing what to use and when to use it is the key to
properly protecting yourself. There could be situations
that would be more of a risk and require more PPE than
others. The next few slides will help you in determining
what you should be using!

When to use PPE

Chemical usage poses a variety of
hazards. They can be flammable,
corrosive, even toxic just to name a
few. Taking all precautions to avoid
physical and/or health problems is the
number one goal. You can never be too
cautious!

Chemicals & PPE

When chemicals are being used there is
always the possibility of splashing. The
proper PPE to use when chemicals are
involved would include:
Safety glasses
Gloves
Respirator
be

(depending on the chemical and the exposure

duration)

The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for an 8 hr. shift can

obtained from the PEL/BEL reference guide. Contact EHS if
questions arise.

When to use PPE

Biological agents as well as rDNA can pose
serious health problems. Pathogens can cause
disease and possible death in animals and
humans. Containment of the agent/material and
proper handling techniques are the best methods
for minimizing risks that are associated with
biological hazards. rDNA can also be a threat
depending on the host and the vector that is
being used.
PPE is only one way that you can protect yourself.
It is your responsibility to ensure that the proper
PPE is used.

Biological Agents &

rDNA PPE
When biological agents and/or rDNA are
being used the following PPE must be used:

Safety glasses
Gloves
Lab coat
Respirator (Depending on the agent and whether or not
an

aerosol is created)

When to use PPE

Animals have the ability to bite and scratch
unlike many of the other hazards. This can
be of concern when the animal is infected
and can transmit disease to a human. This
is called zoonotic. To avoid infection, proper
handling procedures must be utilized. The
appropriate handling in combination with
the PPE can help to reduce risk.

www.animalpicturesarchive.com

Animals & PPE

When animals are being used the
following PPE must be used:
Gloves-May need a variety to prevent animal bites.
Lab coat-Needed to protect clothing and used as a

barrier. To prevent the pathogen from leaving the lab, the

lab coat must be worn and
must not leave the lab.

Safety glasses-Must
be worn to prevent possible
injury to the eyes by scratching or flying saw dust
bedding. Splashing or aerosol also requires glasses.
Respirator-May be needed depending on the
pathogen. Check with safety office.
Shoe covers-Used in the animal room and labs that
work with biological agents.

When to use PPE

Arthropods are associated with potential risks
when they escape since some are vectors of
infectious human diseases. Precautions need to
be taken to minimize the hazards associated
with arthropods. Communication during lab
specific training can help you understand the
potential risks associated with the arthropod
that you come in contact with.

Arthropods & PPE

Depending on the arthropod that you
encounter in the lab, the PPE could
vary. In most cases the PPE below
should be used used.
Gloves
Safety glasses (Use if arthropod is infected or if
there is a
chance of the arthropod spraying or
jumping in your eye)

Lab coat (If arthropod is known to be infected)

Proper Use of Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE)

Use of PPE
Knowing how to properly use PPE can
be the key to adequate protection.
Not only do you want to make sure it is
the proper size for you, but also make
sure you are wearing it properly. If it is
too big or too small, it is not right for
you! Let your supervisor know if you
need a different size.

Use of PPE
The main piece of equipment that must be used
appropriately is the respirator. If you work with
infectious agents, a respirator may be required
depending on the biosafety level (BSL) of the
agent. The more pathogenic the agent, the more
PPE that is required. If a respirator is required, you
will be part of the ISU Respiratory Protection
Program. This requires a physical, fit-test, and
additional training before use. If the respirator is
not properly fit to you, serious health problems can
result.

Training

Use of PPE
If you think you need a respirator
talk with your supervisor or
contact EHS (438-8325)

Location & Availability of

PPE
Each Lab should have a designated area for the
PPE that is used. The PPE should also be readily
available when working with materials that
require it. If the proper equipment is not
available, you should not proceed with the work.
Notify your supervisor when you need to order
PPE. Give an advanced notice when possible due
to shipping time. Always consider in advance
what you will need when conducting research.
PPE

Maintenance of PPE
In order to be able to rely on your equipment, you
must take care of it. Keep the PPE clean and
disinfected. It should be cleaned before and after
use when possible. Proper maintenance can not
only extend the life of the equipment, but also
keep cost down. Keeping the cost down on the
Personal Protective Equipment can help to better
allocate the money toward larger equipment
needed for research.

What is a Sharp?

What is a Sharp?
A sharp is defined as any instrument,
tool, or item that has rigid, acute
edges, protuberances or corners
capable of cutting, piercing, ripping or
puncturing such as syringes, blades,
and broken glass. Items that have the
potential for shattering or breaking are
also considered sharps.

http://www.ehrs.upenn.edu/training/bloodborne/bloodborne.html

Safe Practices
When using a sharp there is a risk of being
cut by the object and possible infection
occurring depending on what the sharp
was used for. If hypodermic needles are
used, special precautions must be taken
to reduce the risk of a needlestick. After
use of the needle do not recap, place
directly in the sharp container.

Disposal of Sharps
All sharps must be placed into a rigid,
puncture and leak-resistant container
that is also impervious to moisture. The
sharps container must be labeled either
with Biohazard or Infectious Waste.
Do not over fill the sharps container.

http://www.ehrs.upenn.edu/training/bloodborne/bloodborne.html

Disposal of Sharps
When the sharps
container is full it
must be collected by
the EHS office. A
waste pick-up form
can be completed and
a collection can be
scheduled. A waste
pick-up form can be
obtained from the
EHS office (438-8325).

Sharps Log
If an injury occurs as a result of a sharps
accident, it must be recorded in the Sharps
Log. This log is kept by the supervisor and is
viewed upon annual inspection. The main
purpose of the log is for risk assessment and
documentation. If a sharps injury involves
an infectious agent or anything beyond first
aid, it is advised to seek medical attention at
the Student Health Services.

What is a Risk Group (RG)?

Risk Group
According to National Institute
of Health, there is a risk
associated to certain research.
This is targeting the laboratories
that work with infectious agents
and rDNA. A risk group (RG) is
determined by the nature of the
research. The more hazards
there are with the
agent/material, the higher the
risk group and therefore more
stringent the containment and
work practices become.

The Risk
RG 1
RG 2
RG 3
RG 4

Risk Groups

The risk groups are broken down by the followin

Risk Group 1 (RG1)
Agents are not associated with disease in healthy adult
humans (low individual & community risk) Example:
Bacillus subtilis

Risk Group 2
(RG2)
Agents are associated with human disease, which is
rarely serious, and for which preventive or therapeutic
interventions are often available (moderate individual
risk, limited community risk) Example: Streptococcus
aureus

Risk Groups
Risk Group 3 (RG3)

Agents are associated with serious or lethal human

disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions
may be available (high individual risk but low community
risk) Example: Hantavirus
Risk Group 4
(RG4)
Agents are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease
for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not
usually available (high individual risk & high community
risk) Example: Ebola Virus

Risk Groups
The RG in your lab is to be
determined by your supervisor. The
information is to be communicated to
you during your lab specific training.

Training

What is a Biological Safety

Level (BSL)?

Biological Safety Level

Along with the Risk Group there is also an associated
Biological Safety Level (BSL). This has the same principle
as the RG in that as the risk increases, the containment
and practices become more stringent. For most cases, if
your lab is a RG 1 then the BSL is 1.
CDC and NIH have set guidelines to help protect
individuals who work with infectious agents and/or rDNA.

Biosafety Levels (BSL)

The different BSLs have
been established as
preventative measures
against human infection.
Taking precautionary
measures can help to
minimize hazards
associated with
infectious agents.

BSL
As the risk increases, the BSL also
increases. Each BSL has specific
containment practices that CDC and
NIH have advised. When the lab
specific training is conducted by your
supervisor, she/he will go through
the BSL guidelines for your lab.

Training

BSL-1 Laboratory

BIOHAZARD
All Personal Protective Equipment shall be removed prior to leaving this work area.
Eating, drinking, smoking applying cosmetics or lip balm and handling contacts lenses area
prohibited in this work area.
Name of infectious agent(s):
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Transmission route(s):
__________________________________________________________________________________

Special requirements for entering this area:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Emergency contacts
Name: ________________________________ Title: ______________ Phone: _______________
________________________________
________________________________

_______________
_______________

EH&S office

(M-F 8-5) 646-3327 (after hours) 911.

_______________
_______________

__________________________________________________________________________________
*Biosafety Level 2 is similar to BSL-1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential
hazard to personnel and the environment. It differs from BSL-1 in that
1.Lab personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and directed to competent scientist;
2. Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted:
3. Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items and
4. Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological
safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment
New Mexico State University
Environmental Health & Safety

Signs and Labeling

Date _______

Labeling
Biological material that others may have
access to should be labeled. This would
include items such as cultures. The label
should describe what the content is and
also any precautions. An example is below.

Escherichia coli
Precautions:
Must use Eye protection, lab coat, gloves
Only use under BSC

Labeling
Chemical labeling has been briefly touched on
earlier in the presentation. One must
remember that if any chemical is transferred
to a secondary container, this container must
be labeled. If the chemical will be used by the
end of the work shift, then labeling is not
necessary. Good science practices would
encourage you to label all containers.
So what is included on the Label?
Click here

Signs
Signs are a way of communicating
important information. It is a way to
heighten awareness about hazards that
exist.
There may be signs on laboratory
refrigerators reminding you that no food or
drink can be stored in it. There may be
radioactive or biological materials that
could possibly be absorbed in food.
There may also be signs which denote that
PPE must be used.

Signs
Labs which use rDNA and
infectious agents must have a
sign posted on the outside of
the door. Before someone
enters the lab, they will have
the information they need to
protect themselves. Always
read the signs carefully so you
know what precautions to take.

BSL-1 Laboratory

BIOHAZARD
All Personal Protective Equipment shall be removed prior to leaving this work area.
Eating, drinking, smoking applying cosmetics or lip balm and handling contacts lenses area
prohibited in this work area.
Name of infectious agent(s):
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Transmission route(s):
__________________________________________________________________________________

Special requirements for entering this area:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Emergency contacts
Name: ________________________________ Title: ______________ Phone: _______________
________________________________
________________________________

_______________
_______________

EH&S office

(M-F 8-5) 646-3327 (after hours) 911.

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__________________________________________________________________________________
*Biosafety Level 2 is similar to BSL-1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential
hazard to personnel and the environment. It differs from BSL-1 in that
1.Lab personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and directed to competent scientist;
2. Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted:
3. Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items and
4. Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological
safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment
New Mexico State University
Environmental Health & Safety

Date _______

Containment of Laboratory

Containment
Containment of a laboratory is to
confine organisms containing rDNA
molecules and/or infectious materials.
The purpose is to reduce or eliminate
the potential for exposure of the
laboratory worker, persons outside of
the laboratory, and the environment
from organisms containing rDNA and
infectious materials.

Containment
There are three elements to
containment:
Laboratory Practices
Containment Equipment
Special laboratory design
Lets take a closer

Practices and Techniques

Responsible practices and techniques are

required when working with hazardous
materials. This is one very important way
to reduce accidents/injuries. The
following practices should be followed in
addition to reviewing the Biosafety
Manual:
Practices and
Techniques

Safety Equipment
The Primary Barriers

Safety Equipment
Certain equipment is necessary to
achieve compliance and most
importantly to provide adequate
protection.
The safety equipment that is needed
is known as primary and secondary
barriers. Lets take a look at the
difference in the barriers.

Primary Barriers
Primary barriers are referring to protective measures
including engineering controls. This includes not only PPE
that has already been covered, but it also includes safety
cabinets, fume hoods, vaccines and autoclaves.

It is important to know when this

equipment is to be used and how to
properly use it.

Primary Barriers
Lets look at the following barriers:
(Besides PPE)

Fume hood
Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)
Autoclave

Fume Hood
The fume hood is used with chemicals. The
main function is to exhaust the vapors and
gases that are generated in the hood to the
outside. The hood is designed to minimize
your exposure to airborne contaminants.
This is not to be used with biohazardous
materials.

Fume Hood Use

When using the fume hood you first need to
make sure the exhaust blower is operating and
air is entering the hood.
Remember, do not put your face inside the hood!
Minimize storage of chemicals in the hood
Clean spills immediately
Work with the sash at the proper operating level
as indicated by the arrows

Biological Safety Cabinet

The biological safety cabinet (BSC) is used
as a containment for infectious agents. The
BSC has a HEPA filter in the exhaust system
to protect the environment and yourself.
The (HEPA) filter is a high efficiency
particulate air filter. It is able to remove
particles at a size of 0.3 m with an
efficiency of 99.97%. It is also able to
remove both smaller and larger particles.

BSC
There are 3 classes of BSC that are
used. The higher the risk group and
biosafety level, the higher the class of
cabinet that is used.
If there is an infectious agent being
used, whether it is used in research
animals or cultured, it must be
manipulated inside the BSC.

BSC
When using this containment device,
remember to also use the proper personal
protective equipment. The following PPE
should be considered depending on the BSL
that is required for the organism that you use.

Gloves
Lab Coat
Shoe Covers
Safety Glasses
Respirator

Use of BSC
Always make sure that the BSC has
been decontaminated both before and
after use. Decontamination methods
vary depending on the infectious agent
being used. Once the decontamination
of the cabinet is complete, place the
waste in a biohazard bag for autoclave.

Use of BSC
Do not bring contaminated materials out
of the cabinet until they have been
surface decontaminated. If you are
unable to decontaminate, place the
material into a closed container to
transfer it to the autoclave

Work Practices for the BSC

Remember to follow the work practices:
Work in such a way that your face is above the
front opening
Wait for 1 minute after placing hands/arms
inside the cabinet to stabilize the air flow
Work at least 4 inches from the inside edge of
the front of the grille

Work Practices for the BSC

Remember to place all materials as
far back in the cabinet as possible
Limit the storage within the
cabinet

Autoclave
An autoclave is used to treat infectious
material and rDNA. As a standard for
the University, all material of this
nature must be autoclaved as a safety
precaution. The autoclave is able to
render the material as non-infectious.

Autoclave
The autoclave is able to reach a high
temperature to sterilize the agent. It is
important to know the standard operating
procedures (SOP) for the autoclave. The
SOP is located next to each autoclave. If
the temperature or pressure is
inadequate, the bag is overfilled, or the
peak time is not long enough the material
will not be properly decontaminated.

Autoclave
The autoclave is sensitive to
time, temperature, pressure,
water content, type of
container being used and the
type of waste being sterilized.
When using the autoclave
there are a few important
point to remember in order for
the process to be effective.

Procedures
The material being autoclaved must be placed
inside an autoclave red bag or in a pan (Do not
overfill the bag).
Add ~250-500ml water to the bag or pan for
steam to generate and properly circulate
A spore strip or other approved tape must be
placed on the outside of the bag or pan to
verify that the heat treatment was successful.
You will have to verify that a color change took
place.

Procedures
The autoclave must reach a temperature of 121C
(250 F) for at least hour at a pressure of 15psi
After successfully being autoclaved, the material
can be placed in regular trash.
Sharps must be incinerated. When the container
is full, a pick up can be scheduled through EHS
and from there Student Health Services will
incinerate the sharps container for proper disposal

Autoclave Log
Each time the autoclave is used, the log
must be completed by the individual
using it. The log is to be located at the
site of the autoclave. The information
Date
containedwithin
the log is as follows:
Generator Name (P.I.)
Location
Time the autoclave reached 121C
Max Temp.
Pressure
Type of waste
If spores or tape were used
Weight
Person using autoclave

Autoclave Log
The log is required by EPA and it must be
maintained for 3 years by the department.
The purpose of the log is to ensure that
proper decontamination is taking place
If a new log is needed at the autoclave,
contact biology department or EHS.

Facility Design
The Secondary Barriers

Secondary Barriers

Secondary barriers are the facility

design and construction. These
barriers are to provide protection for
the individuals outside the lab, the
community, and the environment.

Secondary Barriers
An example of a Secondary barrier would be a
laboratory. It is separate from the classroom and
has limited access.
The animal room has limited access and is only
available to authorized personnel.
The autoclave is set away from the normal
traffic.
The handwashing facilities are located within
the lab and not accessible by the outside
students.

Decontamination

Decontamination
Decontamination is the removal or
neutralization of toxic agents or the use
of physical or chemical means to
remove, inactivate, or destroy living
organisms. This includes both
sterilization and disinfection.

Decontamination
Decontamination is the responsibility of
all laboratory workers. Failure to
decontaminate can result in exposure
to infectious agents which can cause
great illness. Most decontamination
can be done by chemicals. This
technique is used only when
autoclaving is not possible. Continue on
to see what would be best for your lab.

Chemicals
There are a variety of chemicals that
can be used as an effective method of
decontamination. Depending on the
agent being used, the method to use
may vary along with the contact time.
For most organisms, a 1:100 chlorine
solution for 10-30 minutes is adequate.
The Biosafety Manual has a list of
sterilizers/ disinfectants that can be
used.

Autoclave

The autoclave is the most effective method

to use for decontamination purposes. As a
general rule of thumb, autoclave all
materials that are considered infectious
agent, rDNA, or resemble components of this
nature. When in doubt, AUTOCLAVE! If a
material is not capable of autoclave because
of its size, material, or it is stationary, then
rely on chemical disinfectant as a second
option.

Incineration
There are other methods that can be
used for decontamination such as
incineration. This is the most reliable
method, but it will destroy all materials
placed in it and it creates environmental
pollutants. If you must incinerate,
contact EHS.

Spills and Accidents

SOP
Spills and accidents can pose a serious
health and safety threat. When a spill
occurs, an aerosol can be created which
can make the material several times
more potent. The best measure to take
in order to protect yourself is to be
prepared. There should be standard
operating procedures for this type of
situation in your lab.

What to Do?
Being able to recognize the hazards, mitigate
the spill, and notifying response authorities can
be your best defense. The first response to a
spill should be to evacuate the immediate area
until the scope of the hazard has been
addressed. Seek medical attention if
necessary. Allow sufficient time for the aerosol
to settle before considering entering the room.
If you are responsible for clean up, proper
training shall be addressed.

How to Report
When a spill occurs, it must be recorded
in the Spill Log. The main purpose of
the log is to track an exposure in case of
future illness/injury. Report to your
supervisor all spills. If medical attention
is needed, it is suggested to go to
Student Health Services.

Waste Management

Waste
Hazardous and biohazardous waste
has special guidelines for proper
disposal. It is important to properly
dispose of waste to ensure human and
environmental health. EPA regulates
the waste that is generated at ISU.

Waste
Waste can be classified as either hazardous or
biohazardous. Lets take a closer look at the
differences.
Hazardous Waste- This is a waste which contains
the characteristics of being any of the following:

Toxic
Corrosive
Ignitable
Flammable
Oxidizer

Waste
A biohazardous waste is any waste that
is considered infectious and/or because
of its biological nature it can cause
physical or health hazards in humans,
animals, plants or the environment.
This includes recombinant DNA and
other genetically altered organisms and
agents.

Proper Disposal
Waste that is considered biohazardous
can be disposed of in regular trash once it
has been rendered non-infectious. If a
biohazard labeled bag is used, make sure
it is either placed in a secondary bag or a
completely new bag that is not red.

http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/Medical/html/biohazardous.htm

Proper Disposal
Hazardous waste must be disposed of
through the Environmental Health &
Safety office. If you need to have
hazardous waste picked up, contact
EHS for a pick-up form or go online at
www.ehs.illinoisstate.edu/

EHS 438-

You have now completed the General Lab

Safety Training presentation. If you have any
questions please take the time to ask your
supervisor or call EHS. By signing the
training form, you are stating that you have
completed the training and that you
understand the content within the training.
Please fill out the Certificate
of
Completion on the next slide &
turn
into your immediate supervisor.

Laboratory Safety Training

Certificate