By,

Chinnu Anie Tom

1st B.Ed English

VAK

 A common and widely-used model

of learning style
Proposed by Fleming (2001)
According to this model, most
people possess a dominant or
preferred learning style
however some people have a
mixed and evenly balanced blend

1. Visual learners
have two sub-channels
linguistic(verbal)andspatial (visual)
like to learn through written language, such as
reading and writing tasks
remember what has been written down, even if
they do not read it more than once
like to write down directions and pay better
attention to lectures if they watch them
usually have difficulty with the written language
and do better with charts, demonstrations, videos,
and other visual materials
easily visualize faces and places by using their
imagination and seldom get lost in new

 Visual learners tend to:

Learn through seeing
Think in pictures and need to create vivid
mental images to retain information
Enjoy looking at maps, charts, pictures, videos,
and movies
Have visual skills which are demonstrated in
puzzle building, reading, writing, understanding
charts and graphs, a good sense of direction,
sketching, painting, creating visual metaphors
and analogies (perhaps through the visual
arts), manipulating images, constructing,
fixing, designing practical objects, and
interpreting visual images

 Encourage visual learners to:

use graphics to reinforce learning.

color code to organize notes and possessions.
use color to highlight important points in text.
take notes.
illustrate ideas as a picture before writing them
down.
ask for written directions.
use flow charts and diagrams for note taking.
visualize spelling of words or facts to be
memorised.

2. Auditory learners
often talk to themselves
may move their lips and
read out loud
may have difficulty with
reading and writing
tasks
often do better talking to

Auditory learners tend to:

Learn through listening

Have highly developed auditory skills and
are generally good at speaking and
presenting
Think in words rather than pictures
Learn best through verbal lectures,
discussions, talking things through and
listening to what others have to say
Have auditory skills demonstrated in
listening, speaking, writing, storytelling,
explaining, teaching, using humour,
understanding the syntax and meaning of
words, remembering information, arguing
their point of view, and analysing language

 Encourage

auditory learners

to:

read aloud.
recite information to learn.
use tunes or rhymes as mnemonic
devices.
read aloud and tape test questions or
directions.
use verbal analogies and storytelling to
demonstrate their point.

3.

Kinaesthetic learners

do best while touching and moving

has two sub-channels: kinesthetic
(movement) and tactile (touch)
tend to lose concentration if there is little or
no external stimulation or movement
When listening to lectures they may want to
take notes for the sake of moving their hands
When reading, they like to scan the material
first, and then focus in on the details (get the
big picture first)
typically use color high lighters and take
notes by drawing pictures, diagrams, or
doodling.

 Kinaesthetic learners tend to:

Learn through moving, doing and touching
Express themselves through movement
Have good sense of balance and eye-hand
coordination
Remember and process information through
interacting with the space around them
Find it hard to sit still for long periods and may
become distracted by their need for activity and
exploration
Have skills demonstrated in physical
coordination, athletic ability, hands on
experimentation, using body language, crafts,
acting, miming, using their hands to create or
build, dancing, and expressing emotions through

 Encourage

kinaesthetic learners to:

make models or role play to physically

experience learning.
skim through reading material before reading
it in detail.
annotate text and write questions while
reading.
translate information into diagrams or other
visual study tools.
recite a list of items by counting on fingers.
memorise or drill while moving e.g. when
walking.
listen to music while studying.