LOS KURDOS EN LA ACTUALIDAD

Manuel Frez

Changing the roles of life in accordance with the times is an

absolute necessity
Mustaf Kemal Atatrk

Mi abuelo tena un gran sentido del humor. Deca que haba

nacido kurdo en una tierra libre. Luego llegaron los otomanos y
le dijeron: T eres otomano. [...] Cuando el Imperio otomano
cay, pas a ser turco. Los turcos se fueron y l volvi a ser kurdo
en el reino de Sheik Mahmud, rey de los kurdos. Al llegar los
ingleses, mi abuelo se convirti en sbdito de Su Graciosa
Majestad, e incluso aprendi algunas palabras inglesas. Los
ingleses inventaron Irak. Mi abuelo se convirti en iraqu, pero
jams lleg a comprender el enigma de aquella nueva palabra,
Irak, y, hasta su ltimo aliento, nunca se sinti orgulloso de ser
iraqu.
Saleem, Hiner

LA DISPORA KURDA
Unin Europea
800,000
Alemania
540,000
Francia 80,000
Pases Bajos
71,000
Blgica
26,000
Reino Unido
25,000
Austria
24,000
Italia 12,000
Dinamarca
11,000
Suecia
10,000
Suiza
7,500
Finlandia
6,000
Noruega
4,700
Espaa
800

PASES RABES
Kuwait
Bahrein
Lbano
Jordania

280,000
27,000
23,000
4,500

ASIA CENTRAL Y CUCASO

Kazajstn
34,000
Afganistn
27,000
Azerbaiyn
24,000
Rusia
20,000
Georgia
17,000
Kirguistn
13,000
Armenia
12,000
Turkmenistn
6,800
Uzbekistn
2,600

Estados Unidos
58,000
Australia
16,000
Israel
3,900

REBELIONES KURDAS POST I GUERRA

MUNDIAL
1919- Revuelta de Kucgiri (Turqua)
1920- Rebelin de Simko (Irn)
1920s- Revueltas de Barzani (Irak)
1937-38- Levantamiento de Dersim (Turqua)
1946- Repblica de Mahabad (Irn)
1960s-1970s Revueltas dirigidas por Barzani (Irak)
1960s- Protestas kurdas en Irn contra el Shah
1979-1982- Intentos de separacin kurda de la recin creada
Repblica Islmica de Irn
1980-1988. Colaboracin de los kurdos de Irak con Irn
1984- Insurgencia del PKK (Turqua)
1991- Levantamiento kurdo durante la Tormenta del Desierto
(Irak)
2004- Serhildan (levantamiento) en Siria. Revuelta
Qamishli.

Ms de la mitad de estas revoluciones y revueltas

ocurrieron en momentos de debilidad del
gobierno central.
Verano 2004. Levantamiento kurdo en Siria
originado en un partido de futbol entre Qamishli
(equipo kurdo) contra Deir El Zor (equipo rabe)

SIRIA 2015

http://www.imagopyrenaei.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2015/05/Cizire-Shingal.gif

KOBANE
Habitada por 50,000 kurdos
Nombre rabe: Ayn al-Arab
Enviado especial a Siria ONU Staffan de Mistura
habla de prevenir una masacre.
Postura Turca
Obama no encuentra actores regionales que
provean de fuerzas terrestres.
The niceties of International Law rooted in the
Westphalian notion of states rights standing in
the way of any responsability to protect (David
Romano)

Absurdamente esta interpretacin pro derecho

internacional evita el envo directo de armas de
mejor tecnologa a los kurdos y no por medio del
inexistente Ejrcito Iraqu.

IRN
Poblacin kurda: 4,250,00
Grupos principales: Sur (3,265,00), Centro
(485,000), Norte (430,000), Gurani-Hawrani,
Shikakis y Herkis (70,000)
Superficie: 125,000km2
Ciudades principales: Mahabad, Urmia,
Kermanshah, Sanandaj, Piranshahr, Maryvan,
Kamyaran.

SIRIA
Poblacin: 1,635,000
Grupos: Norte
Superficie: 40,000 km2
Ciudades principales: Al-Qamishli, Al- Hasakah,
Amuda, Ain al-Arab, Ar-Raqqah

IRAK
Poblacin: 5,800,000
Grupos: Norte (2,875,000), Sur (2,290,000),
Centro (485,000), Bajalans, Herkis, GuraniHawrani, Shabak y Gurani-Sarli (155,000)
Superficie: 74,000 km2
Ciudades principales: Irbil, Suleimaniya, Dahuk,
Mosul, Zakhu

TURQUA
Poblacin: 15,425,000
Grupos: Norte (8,155,000), Turcohablantes
(5,900,000), Zaza-dmilis (1,130,000), Zaza-aleves
(185,000), Herkis y Shikakis (55,000)
Superficie: 230,000 km2
Ciudades principales: Diyarbakir, Van, Batman,
Agri, Bedlis, Bingol, Dersim, Merdim

Despes de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Mosul

(Vilayet) con mayora de poblacin kurda pas a
formar parte del mandato britnico de Irak.
Estado en revuelta permanente
1931- Sheikh Mahmud Barzani. Mullah Mustafa
Barzani.
Sheikhs Naqshbandi. Combinacind e influencia
religiosa con habilidades guerreras.
16 agosto 1946- Partido Democrtico del
Kurdistan. Exilio en URSS de 1947 a 1988
1970- Autonoma kurda.
Ibrahim Ahmad y Jalal Talabani VS Gobierno

1975- Derrota de Barzani.

Marzo 1975- Massoud Barzani KDP
Junio 1975- Jalal Talabani UPK
KDP vs UPK
1987-1988 Campaa ANFAL (Halabja)
1991- Guerra del Golfo- Huida de Refugiados.
Naciones Unidas establecen No Fly Zone
Resolucin 688 del 5 abril de 1991
1994-1998- Luchas intra kurdas.
Septiembre 98 alto al fuego USA
OCTUBRE 2002- Kurdistan Federal State en la poca
Post Saddam.

We dont have a willing, capable, effective

partner on the ground inside Syria. Its just a fact.
I cant change that.
Pentagons Press Secretary John Kirby
Es difcil encontrar una infantera ligera mejor
que la del YPG (Yekneyn Parastina Gel,
Unidades de Proteccin Popular) en todo el
mundo

Kurds have learned the hard way not to expect

the US to back them up when it matters.
All the Kurds of Kobane were trying to do was
keep their town alive. And, to everyones surprise
and most of the big players annoyancethey
succeeded. Its the rarest thing in the world, a
truly heroic story.

DAVID GRAEBER

Popular assemblies have been created as the

ultimate decision-making bodies, councils selected
with careful ethnic balance (in each municipality, for
instance, the top three officers have to include one
Kurd, one Arab and one Assyrian or Armenian
Christian, and at least one of the three has to be a
woman), there are womens and youth councils, and,
in a remarkable echo of the armed Mujeres Libres
(Free Women) of Spain, a feminist army, the YJA
Star militia (the Union of Free Women, the star
here referring to the ancient Mesopotamian goddess
Ishtar), that has carried out a large proportion of the
combat operations against the forces of Islamic
State.

PKK itself is no longer anything remotely like the old, top-down Leninist
party it once was. Its own internal evolution, and the intellectual conversion
of its own founder, Abdullah Ocalan, held in a Turkish island prison since
1999, have led it to entirely change its aims and tactics.
The PKK has declared that it no longer even seeks to create a Kurdish state.
Instead, inspired in part by the vision of social ecologist and anarchist Murray
Bookchin, it has adopted the vision of libertarian municipalism, calling for
Kurds to create free, self-governing communities, based on principles of direct
democracy, that would then come together across national borders that it is
hoped would over time become increasingly meaningless. In this way, they
proposed, the Kurdish struggle could become a model for a wordwide
movement towards genuine democracy, co-operative economy, and the gradual
dissolution of the bureaucratic nation-state.
Since 2005 the PKK, inspired by the strategy of the Zapatista rebels in
Chiapas, declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Turkish state and began
concentrating their efforts in developing democratic structures in the
territories they already controlled