Why World need

Biofuel???
What is Biofuel??
Biofuel Basics.

Overview
1.What are biofuels?
2. what is biomass?
3.production processes

Why world need Biofuels??

It may not be possible to provide
the amount of energy demanded
by the world by only using fossil
fuels to convert energy.
As world population continues to
grow and the limited amount of
fossil fuels begin to diminish.

What are biofuel????

Fuels thatareproduced
fromrenewableresources,
Especiallyplantbiomass, vegetableoils,
ortreated municipalandindustrial wastes.

BIOMASS:
Biomass is a renewable energy source
that is derived from living or recently
living organisms.
Biomass includes biological material,
not organic material like coal.
Energy derived from biomass is mostly
used to generate electricity or to
produce heat.
Thermal energy is extracted by means
of combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis,
and gasification.
Biomass can be chemically and
biochemically treated to convert it to a
energy-rich fuel.

Biomass:
Lignocellulosic
Amorphous sugar
1.Corn stover
1.starches
oil
2.crop residues
2.simple sugar
a.soyabean
3.forage grasses
seed
4.forest residues
5.paper mill residues
6.wood chips
7.switch grass
8.spent grains
9.waste woodchips

Tri-glycerides
1.vegetable

b.cotton
c.palm
d.peanut
e.canola
f.sunflower
g.coconut
h.ricebran
i.jatropha
j.Algea
2.Animal fat
a.tallow
3.waste oils
a.used

frying oil
b.brown

List of Biofuels
1.Bioethanol
Bioethanol is a readily available, clean fuel for
combustion engines made from plant-based
feedstock's. It produces considerably lower emissions
on combustion . It can be produce from Sugar, Starch
and cellulose by fermentation.
2.Biodiesel
Biodieselrefers to avegetable oil or animal fatbaseddiesel fuel consisting of longchainalkyl(methyl,ethyl, orpropyl )esters. Biodiesel
is typically made by chemically reactinglipids
(e.g., vegetable oil, soybean oil,animal fat (tallow)
with analcoholproducingfatty acid esters.

3.Green diesel
Green Dieselis a clean, cost efficient and safe home
heating oil. Sulphur freegreen diesel. It can be
produce from vegetable oil, palm oil and jatropha oil
by hyroprocessing.
4.Biofuel gasoline
Biogasolineisgasolineproduced frombiomasssuch
asalgae. Like traditionally produced gasoline, it
contains between 6 (hexane) and 12 (dodecane)
carbon atoms per molecule and can be used
ininternal-combustion engines.
6.Vegetable oil
Vegetable oilcan be used as analternative
fuelindiesel enginesand inheating oilburners. When
vegetable oil is used directly as a fuel, in either
modified or unmodified equipment, it is referred to
asstraight vegetable oil(SVO) orpure plant oil(PPO).

7.Bioethers

Ethers are currently used as substitutes for lead to improve

engine performance. They also decrease oxygen wear and
toxic emissions, particularly ozone. It can be produce

from methanol that can be produced from syngas.

8.Syngas

Syngas, a mixture ofcarbon monoxide,hydrogenand other

hydrocarbons, is produced by partial combustion of
biomass, that is, combustion with an amount
ofoxygenthat is not sufficient to convert the biomass
completely to carbon dioxide and water
9.Biogas

Biogas ismethaneproduced by the process ofanaerobic

digestion oforganic materialbyanaerobes.

Biofuel can be divided into three categories:

1.First generation
First generation biofuels are made from sugars,
starches, oil, and animal fats that are converted
into fuel using already-known processes or
technologies. These fuels include biodiesel,
bioalcohols, ethanol, and biogases.

2.Second Generation
Second generation biofuels are made from
non-food crops or agricultural waste,
especially ligno-cellulosic biomass like switchgrass, willow, or wood chips.
3.Third Generation
Third generation biofuels are made from
algae or other quickly growing biomass
sources.