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  • Kansai Airport 2005

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    divugoel
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    Kansai International Airport is located on a man-made island in Osaka Bay, Japan. Constructed between 1986-1996 at a cost of over $14 billion, it is one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 20th century. The subsurface of the island consists of deep deposits of soft marine clay. Initial settlement predictions of 19-25 feet underestimated the actual settlement of 27 feet experienced by 1990. The use of over 1 million sand drains was ineffective at accelerating consolidation, leading to continued post-construction settlement that damaged structures. Lessons learned were applied to a second construction phase, including deeper borehole investigations and updated predictions based on actual settlement data.

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    Kansai International Airport is located on a man-made island in Osaka Bay, Japan. Constructed between 1986-1996 at a cost of over $14 billion, it is one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 20th century. The subsurface of the island consists of deep deposits of soft marine clay. Initial settlement predictions of 19-25 feet underestimated the actual settlement of 27 feet experienced by 1990. The use of over 1 million sand drains was ineffective at accelerating consolidation, leading to continued post-construction settlement that damaged structures. Lessons learned were applied to a second construction phase, including deeper borehole investigations and updated predictions based on actual settlement data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    128 vues23 pages

    Kansai Airport 2005

    Transféré par

    divugoel
    Kansai International Airport is located on a man-made island in Osaka Bay, Japan. Constructed between 1986-1996 at a cost of over $14 billion, it is one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 20th century. The subsurface of the island consists of deep deposits of soft marine clay. Initial settlement predictions of 19-25 feet underestimated the actual settlement of 27 feet experienced by 1990. The use of over 1 million sand drains was ineffective at accelerating consolidation, leading to continued post-construction settlement that damaged structures. Lessons learned were applied to a second construction phase, including deeper borehole investigations and updated predictions based on actual settlement data.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 23

    Kansai International Airport

    (Phase-I) Foundation Case Study

    By
    Rajul Teredesai
    CE 5333-Foundation Engineering
    Spring 2005

    Overview

    Kansai
    International
    Airport (KIA)

    Key Features

    Located on a biggest man-made island in


    Osaka Bay, Japan
    Constructed cost over $14 billion
    The island of 4 X 1 km, constructed in
    around 18m of water, entirely from landfill
    Project Started in 1986
    Opened for flights in 1996
    The ASCE named KIA the #2 civil
    engineering project of the 20th century,
    second only to the Panama Canal

    Kansai Airport Aerial View

    Construction of Airport
    Stage

    Activity

    Time

    Subsurface Investigation

    1 year

    II

    Sea Wall Construction

    2 years

    III

    Landfilling

    4 years

    IV

    Terminal Construction

    2 years

    Bore Hole Locations

    Subsurface of the Kansai Airport


    Foundation

    Seawall Construction

    Up to 40 ft. above sea level


    Tripod blocks on seaward side for
    dissipation of wave energy

    Seawall After Completion

    Seawall
    Construction

    Mechanism of Sand Drains

    Advantage of Sand Drains


    The weight of the piled sand forces
    the water in the clay to move outward
    along the sand piles.

    Application of One Million Sand


    Drain at KIA

    Reclamation

    Three distinct
    grades of sand,
    gravel and rock
    from nearby
    mountains
    Four years and 750
    million cubic feet of
    fill
    Transportation on

    Ground: Conveyor
    Water: Barges

    KIA Terminal Building

    Architect: Renzo Piano

    Settlement Predictions

    Lack of experience with construction


    on deep deposit of diluvial clay
    Expected settlement = 19 to 25 ft
    Actual settlement = 27 ft (by the end
    of island construction in 1990)
    It continued at the rate of 2 in/month

    Settlement Calculations

    Consolidation Settlement:

    c ,ult

    vo '
    H Cc

    log
    1 eo
    vo '

    Time Rate of Consolidation (Terzaghi


    1925):

    2ue
    ue

    c v
    2
    t
    z

    What Went Wrong in Predictions?

    Un-conservative estimation of
    consolidation settlement
    Wrong estimate of the time required
    for completion of consolidation
    settlement
    Ineffectiveness of the sand drains in
    achieving the required success 100%

    Incomplete Consolidation

    Underestimation of Excess Pore


    Water Pressure
    Airport
    Started
    Settlement
    Continued

    Coping With The Problem of


    Continued Settlement

    Basement of the terminal was lined


    with a quarter of a million tons of iron
    ore.

    Result: Island sank faster than the


    building it is trying to hold

    Installation of hydraulic jacks under


    the colums

    Result: No differential settlement


    between the columns of entire building

    Learning From Mistakes

    Using data actual settlement data


    obtained from 1st phase of project
    Analysis of 400-m-deep boring
    exploration
    State-of-the-art soil test methods
    Expected Settlement = 18 m
    http://
    www.kald.co.jp/eindexframe.html

    References

    A report by Justin Phalen, UC-Davis, 2002


    The official website of KIA http://
    www.kald.co.jp/eindexframe.html

    Questions?

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