http://fskik.upsi.edu.

my

MTD 2023 / MTD 3023

Systems Analysis and Design

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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Chapter Objectives
Discuss the impact of information technology
on business strategy and success
Define an information system and describe
its components
Explain how the Internet has affected
business strategies and relationships
Explain modeling, prototyping, and CASE
tools
Distinguish between structured analysis and
object-oriented analysis

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Introduction
Companies use information to:
Increase productivity
Deliver quality products and services
Maintain customer loyalty
Make decisions

Information technology can mean the

difference between success and
failure
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

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The Impact of Information Technology

Information Technology
Combination of hardware and software
products and services that companies
use to manage, access, communicate,
and share information
A vital asset that must be used
effectively, updated constantly, and
safeguarded carefully
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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The Impact of Information Technology

The Role of Systems Analysis and
Design
Systems Analysis and Design
Step-by-step process for developing highquality information systems

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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The Impact of Information Technology

Systems analysis process of understanding
in detail what a system should accomplish
Systems design process of specifying in
detail how components of an information
system should be physically implemented
Systems analyst uses analysis and design
techniques to solve business problems using
information technology - Plan, develop, and
maintain IS

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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The Impact of Information Technology

Who develops Information Systems?
In-house applications
Software packages
Internet-based application services
Outsourcing
Custom solutions
Enterprise-wide software strategies
How versus What
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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Information System
Components

System = set of related components

that produces specific results
Mission-critical system is one that is
vital to a companys operations
Data vs Information
Information systems have five key
components: hardware, software,
data, processes, and people
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

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Information System
Components
Hardware

Peopl
e

Proce
ss
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

Software

IS
Data
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Information System
Components
Hardware

Peopl
Is the physical layer of the Software
e

IS

information system

Proce
ss
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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

Data
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Information System
Components
Hardware
System software
Application softwa
re Peopl
e
Enterprise
Software
applications
Horizontal system
Vertical system
Legacy systems
Proce
Data

IS

ss

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System
Components
Hardware
Is the raw material that
an information system
Peopl
transforms into usefulSoftware
e
information

IS

Proce
ss
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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

Data
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Information System
Components
Hardware
Define the tasks and
business functions that
users,
managers, and IT Software
Peopl
e
staff members
perform to
achieve specific results

IS

Proce
ss
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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

Data
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Information System
Components
Peopl
e

Hardware
People who interact
with an information
system, both inside
Software
and outside
the
company

Proce
ss
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

IS

Data
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Impact of the Internet

E-Commerce or I-Commerce
2 main sector : B2C and B2B
B2B:
EDI
Extensible markup language (XML)
Supplier relationship management (SRM
)

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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

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Impact of the Internet

Web-Based System Development
WebSphere
.NET
Web services

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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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How Business Uses Information

Systems
In past, IT managers divided systems
into categories based on the user
group the system served
Office systems
Operational systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

How Business Uses Information

Systems
Today, it makes more sense to
identify a system by its functions,
rather than by users
Enterprise computing systems
Transaction processing systems
Business support systems /MIS
Knowledge management systems
User productivity systems
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

How Business Uses Information Systems

Enterprise computing systems

Support company-wide operations and
data management requirements
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

How Business Uses

Information Systems
Transaction processing systems
Efficient because they process a set of
transaction-related commands as a
group rather than individually

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

How Business Uses Information

Systems
Business support systems
Provide job-related information to users
at all levels of a company
Management information systems (MIS)
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
What-if

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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

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How Business Uses Information

Systems
Knowledge management systems
Called expert systems
Simulate human reasoning by
combining a knowledge base and
inference rules
Many use fuzzy logic

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

How Business Uses Information

Systems
User productivity systems
Technology that improves productivity
Groupware

Information systems integration

Most large companies require systems
that combine transaction processing,
business support, knowledge
management, and user productivity
features
FSKIK
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Users and Their Needs

A systems analyst must understand

the companys organizational model
in order to recognize who is
responsible for specific processes
and decisions and to be aware of
what information is required by
whom.
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Users and Their Needs

Top
Ma
na
ge
Middle
s
Managers and
Knowledge
Workers
Supervisors and Team
Leaders
Operational Employees

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Systems analysts must know how to

use a variety of techniques such as
modeling, prototyping, and
computer-aided systems engineering
tools to plan, design, and implement
information systems.
Systems analysts work with these
tools in a team environment
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Modeling = produces a graphical

representation of a concept or process
that systems developers can analyze, test
and modify
Business model
Requirements model
Data model
Object model
Network model
Process model

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Prototyping
Prototype = early working version of IS
Speeds up the development process
significantly
Important decisions might be made too
early, before business or IT issues are
thoroughly understood
Can be an extremely valuable tool
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Computer-Aided Systems Engineering

(CASE)
Tools
Also called
computer-aided software engineering
CASE tools

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development
Methods

Structured analysis vs
object-oriented analysis (O-O)
The important thing is for a systems
analyst to understand the various
methods and the strengths and
weaknesses of each approach

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development
Methods
Structured Analysis
SDLC
Predictive approach
Uses a set of process
models to describe a
system graphically
Process-centered
technique

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

OO Analysis
Combines data &
process into object
Object is a member
of a class
Objects possess
properties
Methods change an
objects properties
A message request
specific behavior or
information from
another object

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Systems Development
Guidelines

Stick to a plan
Involve the users throughout the
development process
Listening is very important
Use project management tools to
identify tasks and milestones
Remain flexible
Develop accurate cost and benefit
information
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information Technology Department

The information technology (IT)
department develops and maintains
a companys information systems.
The IT group provides
technical support

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information Technology Department

Application Development
Team may include users, managers and
IT Staff members

Systems Support and Security

Deployment team

User Support
Help desk or information center (IC)

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information Technology Department

Database Administration
Database design, management,
security, backup, and user access

Network Administration
Includes hardware and software
maintenance, support, and security

Web Support
Webmasters
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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

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Information Technology Department

Quality Assurance (QA)
Reviews and tests all applications and
systems changes to verify specifications
and software quality standards
Is a separate unit that reports directly to
IT management

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Systems Analyst

Position

A systems analyst investigates,

analyzes, designs, develops, installs,
evaluates, and maintains a
companys information systems
On large projects, the analyst works
as a member of an IT department
team
Smaller companies often use
consultants to perform the work
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Systems Analyst

Position
Responsibilities

Translate business requirements into

practical IT projects to meet needs

Required Skills and Background

Solid communication skills and analytic
ability

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Systems Analyst

Position
Certification

Professional credential

Career Opportunities
Job titles
Company organization
Company size
Corporate culture
Salary, location, and future growth
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
IT is a combination of hardware,
software, and telecommunications
systems that support business
The essential components of an
information system are hardware,
software, data, processes, and
people
Companies are production oriented,
service oriented, or a combination of
FSthe
KIK two
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

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Chapter Summary
Based on their function and features,
information systems are identified as
enterprise computing systems,
transactional processing or operational
systems, business support systems,
knowledge management systems, or user
productivity systems
Organization structure usually includes
levels. Each level has different
responsibilities and information needs
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
Systems analyst use modeling,
prototyping, and CASE tools. Modeling
produces a graphical representation of the
process, prototyping involves creation of
an early working model, and CASE tools
assist in various systems development
tasks
Various development methodologies exist,
including structured analysis and objectoriented analysis
FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
Regardless of the development model, it is
important to use project management
tools necessary to manage people, tasks,
timetables, and expenses
An IT department develops, maintains and
operates a companys information systems
Systems analysts need a combination of
technical and business knowledge,
analytical ability, and communication

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Thank You
harnani@fskik.upsi.edu.my

FSKIK

Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

MALAYSIA