VERNACULAR LANGUAGE,

STANDARD LANGUAGE,
LINGUA FRANCA
Created by Group 5:
1.Lili Atama
2.Siti Subatul Hilmiyah
Class VI D

Vernacular Languages
Janet Holmes (1992:80) stated the term
vernacular is used in a number of ways; it
generally refers to a language which has not
been standardized and which does not have
official status.
Many different ethnic or tribal have
different vernacular language.

 Janet Holmes (1992:80) added vernaculars are

usually the first language learned by people in
multilingual communities and they often use it in
informal functions.
Most Indonesians today speak at least two
languages or more, Indonesia language and their
local language or vernacular language.

The vernacular is the variety used for

communicate in the home and with close
friends.
Vernacular is the language of solidarity
between people from the same ethnic group.
There are hundreds of vernacular languages,
such as Buang in Papua New Guinea, for
instance, many of which have never been
written down or described.

Three components of the meaning of the

term vernacular:
1.A vernacular is an uncodified or unstandardized
variety.
2.Refers to the way it is acquired in the home, as
a first variety.
3.It is used for relatively circumscribed functions.

The term vernacular simply means a

language which is not an official language
in a particular context. It is used for
everyday interaction.

Standard Language
The Term standard is even more slippery than
vernacular because it too is used in many
different way by linguists.
A standard variety is generally one which is
written, and which has undergone some degree of
regularization (for example, in a grammar and a
dictionary), it is recognized as a prestigious
variety or code by a community.

 Standard varieties are codified varieties.

Codification is usually achieved through
grammars and dictionaries which record, and
sometimes prescribe, the standard forms of the
language.
Dictionary writers (lexicographers) generally take
the usage of educated and socially prestigious
members of the community as their criterion.

Lingua Franca
A lingua franca is a language used for
communication between people whose first
languages differ.
In some countries the most useful and widely used
lingua franca is an official language or the national
language. In Tanzania, for instance, Swahili is the
language people tend to choose first when they are
speaking to some-one from a different tribal group.

 A lingua franca can be spoken in a variety of

ways not only were they spoken differently in
different places, but individual speakers varied
widely in their ability to use the languages.
English serves today as a lingua franca in many
parts of the world: for some speakers it is a native
language, for others a second language, and for
still others a foreign language.

Conclusion
Vernacular languages contrast with standardized
varieties predominantly on the status and formality
dimensions.
Vernaculars are generally low status varieties used to
express solidarity or identity in informal contexts.
Standard dialects are prestigious varieties which may
be used in more formal situation.
Lingua Franca is a language used by people who
speak different languages in order to be able to
communicate.

Thank You for Your Attention