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Nirkabel
Chapter 1. Pengantar
Jurusan S1 Sistem Komputer
Stikom Surabaya
Tugas awal
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sejarah Komunikasi
Nirkabel (1)
Sejarah Komunikasi
Nirkabel (2)
1914 - First voice-over-radio transmission.
1920/30s - Mobile communication adopted
for police vehicles in USA.
1935 - Armstrong introduced Frequency
Modulation (FM). FM has been the primary
modulation technique for mobile
communication systems until late 80s.
1946 - First interconnection of mobile
users to public switched telephone
network (PSTN) was introduced in 25
major American citis.
Sejarah Komunikasi
Nirkabel (3)
1960s
Media Transmisi
Pada komunikasi nirkabel, transmisi data
dilakukan melalui media gelombang
elektromagnetik.
Secara klasik, manusia memahami
gelombang ini sebagai ether.
Karakteristik gelombang elektromagnetik:
Propagasi Gelombang
Elektromagnetik
Spektrum GE (1)
Sumber: http://www.weizmann.ac.il
Spektrum GE (2)
Legend:
= Gamma Rays
HX = Hard X-rays
SX = Soft X-Rays
EUV = Extreme Ultraviolet
NUV = Near ultraviolet
Visible light
NIR = Near infrared
MIR = Moderate infrared
FIR = Far infrared
Radio Waves:
EHF = Extremely High Frequency
(Microwaves)
SHF = Super High Frequency
(Microwaves)
UHF = Ultrahigh Frequency
(Microwaves)
VHF = Very High Frequency
HF = High Frequency
MF = Medium Frequency
LF = Low Frequency
VLF = Very Low Frequency
VF = Voice Frequency
ELF = Extremely Low Frequency
Sumber: wikipedia
Contoh Aplikasi
GSM :
PCS
Bluetooth:
Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz
Panjang gelombang ~= 12.5cm
Channel
Contoh: Channel
Station B
Model Komunikasi
Secara umum komunikasi pada sebuah
channel adalah komunikasi simplex, yang
mana penerima atau pengirim hanya
dapat berkomunikasi satu arah pada satu
saat.
Komunikasi dua arah dapat terjadi melalui
mekanisme half-duplex atau full-duplex
dengan menggunakan:
Frequency Division
Multiplexing
Mobile
Terminal
M
Forward Channel
Reverse Channel
Base Station
B
Mobile
Terminal
M
Base Station
B
1023
Forward Channel
799
824-849 MHz
991 992
1023
799
869-894 MHz
Channel Number
Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799
991 <= N <= 1023
Batasan Komunikasi
Nirkabel
Sistem
Komunikasi
menggunakan
frekuensi/spektrum radio, yang memungkinkan
transmisi (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi
(suara, data, gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik.
Dibedakan
dari
sistem
transmisi
yang
memerlukan koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat
tembaga atau fiber optik.
Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile).
Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita
frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling
mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama.
Teknologi Nirkabel
Berbagai Teknologi
Nirkabel
Degree of mobility
Standing
Walking
Driving
UMTS
CDMA
GSM
GPRS
Systems
beyond 3G
>2010
UMTS
EDGE
DECT
BlueTooth
0.1
HSDPA
EV-DO
IEEE
EV-DV
802.16e
FlashOFDM
(802.20)
WLAN
IEEE
(IEEE 802.11x) 802.16a,d
1
10
100
Mbps
Sensors
(BAN)
RFID
(AutoID Center)
BAN: Body Area Network
RAN
IEEE 802.22
WAN
IEEE 802.20
IEEE 802.16e
IEEE 802.16d
WiMAX
IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi Alliance
IEEE 802.15.3
UWB, Bluetooth
Wi-Media,
BTSIG, MBOA
MAN
LAN
PAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
GSMA, OMA
ETSI HiperMAN &
HIPERACCESS
ETSI-BRAN
HiperLAN2
ETSI
HiperPAN
2nd Generation
Digital voice &
Low rate data
3rd Generation
4th Generation
ALL-IP Broadband
Voice & High speed
Ubiquitous & Seamless
data
Multimedia
WLAN++
1000
Maximum
transmission rate
TRmax Mbps
WLAN+
802.11n, etc.
WiMAX
100
WLAN
802.11a,HiSWANa, UWB, etc.
HIPERLAN2, etc.
3G+
Nomadic
HSDPA,
10
4G
cdma2000(3X), etc.
3G
Bluetooth, etc.
W-CDMA,
1
Local
0.1
Mobile
0.01
Cdma2000, etc.
2G+
PDC,GSM,PHS, etc.
2G
PDC,GSM,PHS, etc.
1995
1990
1990
1995
2000
2000
2005
2005
2010
2010
2015
2015
Year
GSM CS
Up to 9,6 Kbps
2G
GSM HSCSD
Up to 38,4 kbps
GSM GPRS
Up to 115 kbps
UMTS
Up to 2 Mbps
or 384 in mobility
3G
2.5G
EDGE
Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS technology rather than going to
GSM HSCSD technology because no HSCSD handset availability and short time stage
Interw
IS-95B CDMA
Voice, packet64 Kbps
nction
u
f
g
n
orki
le IP
i
b
o
M
PCN/
0
0
0
2
CDMA
2000
A
M
D
C
All IP
One
a
m
d
c
IMT 2000
IMT-2000 Terrestrial
Radio Interfaces
IMT-2000
CDMA
Direct Spread
WCDMA
(UMTS)
IMT-2000
CDMA
Multi Carrier
CDMA2000
1X and 3X
CDMA
IMT-2000
CDMA
TDD
IMT-2000
TDMA
Single Carrier
UTRA TDD
And TD-SCDMA
TDMA
UWC-136/
EDGE
IMT-2000
FDMA/
TDMA
DECT
FDMA
Aplikasi Komunikasi
Nirkabel