TO STUDY THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF

CONCRETE USING RICE HUSK ASH AND RECYCLED COARSE

AGGREGATES AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND
COARSE AGGREGATES
Mid Term Presentation
By
Kashish Gupta
(Uni. Reg. No. 1167813)
Supervisor
Manish Bhutani
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

DAV Institute Of Engineering & Technology,

Jalandhar 144 011

CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Review of Literature
3. Need and Significance
4. Objectives
5. Problem Formulation
6. Experimental Programme

INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction

material. It is obtained by mixing cement, fine aggregates,

coarse aggregates and water in required proportions.
The mixture when placed in forms and allowed to cure

becomes hard like stone.

The hardening is caused by chemical action between water

and the cement and it continues for a long time, and

consequently the concrete grows stronger with age

INTRODUCTION
The strength, durability and other characteristics of concrete
depend upon:
the properties of its ingredients,
the proportions of mix,
the method of compaction and
other controls during placing, compaction and curing.

INTRODUCTION
Concrete is widely used for making:
Buildings,
foundations,
brick/block walls,
pavements,
bridges/overpasses,
highways, runways,
parking structures,
dams,
pools/reservoirs, etc..
Concrete is used in large quantities almost everywhere mankind
has a need for infrastructure.

INTRODUCTION
Since the large demand has been placed on building material industry

especially in the last decade, owing to the increasing population which

causes a chronic shortage of building materials.
The civil engineers have been challenged to convert the industrial wastes

such as fly ash, rice husk ash, paper pulp, marble powder, tiles, rubber
tyres, broken glass, quarry dust etc. to useful construction materials.
Furthermore, one of the most critical problems of the world has been

related to remove the wastage and reusing of it.

INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED COARSE

AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE

These wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and
occupy considerable storage space and are mostly unsuitable for
disposal by incineration or composting.

Concrete and masonry constitute more than 50% of waste

generated by the construction industry.

Estimated waste generation during construction is 40 to 60 Kg/m 2.

INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED COARSE

AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE
This huge amount of productions has caused them to be among the
most commonly-consumed materials in the world.

The growing population in the country and requirement of land for

other uses has reduced the availability of land for waste disposal.

Test results of aggregate properties and concrete properties prove,

repeatedly recycled concrete to be both durable and of good quality
in all respects.

Upto 30% of natural coarse aggregate can be substituted, by coarse

recycled aggregate, without any impact on the quality of concrete.

INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN

CONCRETE

Rice husk ash (RHA) is bio-organic nano SiO2 produced by controlled

burning of rice husk and has high pozzolanic activity.

India is the second largest producer of rice, next to China.

Rice husk composes of organic constituents such as cellulose, lignin,
fibre, and small amounts of protein and fat and certain range of minerals
that include silica, alumina and iron oxides.

It is estimated that 1,000 kg of rice grain produce 200 kg of Rice Husk;

after Rice Husk is burnt, about 20 percent of the Rice Husk or 40 kg
would become Rice Husk Ash.

INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

The Food and Agriculture Organizations forecast of global rice production

over the 2009 season was 678 million tonnes, about 20% of which is rice
husk which is typically a waste material from the point view point of
industrial and agricultural processes.

It is used as a highly reactive pozzolanic material to improve the

microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement
paste and the aggregate in self compacting concrete.

The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of

natural resources and energy sources which in turn further lessen the
burden of pollutants on the environment.

INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

This not only makes the purposeful utilization of agricultural waste but it
will also reduce the consumption of energy used in the production of
cement. In addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both
agriculture and public health.

Therefore, Rice Husk is an agro based product which can be used as a

substitute of cement without sacrificing the strength and durability.

Now-a-days the cost of material is increasing so if we use the waste

material in the production of the concrete so we decrease the price. In
India, million tons of wastes from agriculture as well as construction are
being released.

LITERATURE REVIEW

This section deals with the review of development of

oncrete using :
rice husk ash and
recycled coarse aggregates.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Ephraim, E. M., Akeke, A. G., Ukpata, O. J., (2012).
Study conducted on compressive strength of concrete with rice husk
ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement.
The specific gravity of RHA was found to be 1.55, the density of RHA
concrete was found to be 2.043, 1.912 and 1.932kg/m3 at 10%, 20% and
25% replacement percentages respectively
RHA concrete was found to be very workable with a slump value of
over 100mm
It was found that, compressive strength values at 28days were found to
be 38.4, 36.5 and 33N/mm2 at the replacement percentages of 10%, 20%
and 30% respectively.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Kishore, R., Bhikshma, V., and Prakash, J. P., (2011)
Investigated strength characteristics of high strength rice husk ash concrete
with different replacement levels of ordinary Portland cement.
The standard cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm dia.
x 300 mm height) and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500mm) were casted.
The strength effect of High-strength concrete of various amounts of
replacement of cement viz., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% with RHA of both the
grades i.e M40 & M50.
The optimum replacement of RHA was found to be 10% in both the grades
of the concrete.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Givi, N. A., Rashid, A. S., Aziz, A. N. F., and Salleh M. A. M.
(2010).
Studied the compressive strength, water permeability and workability of
concrete by partial replacement of cement with agro-waste rice husk ash.
Two types of rice husk ash with average particle size of 5 micron (ultra fine
particles) and 95 micron.
Four different contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight were used.
The ultimate strength of concrete was gained at 10% of cement replacement
by ultra fine rice husk ash particles whereas velocity and coefficient of water
absorption significantly decreased with 10% cement replacement by ultra
fine rice husk ash.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Sivakumar, N., Muthukumar, S., Sivakumar, V., Gowtham, D., and
Muthuraj V (2014).
Studied the experimental Studies on High Strength Concrete by using Recycled Coarse

Aggregate.
The experimental investigation were carried out using detailed strength and durability

related tests such as compressive strength test of cubes, split tensile strength test of
cylinders, modulus of elasticity tests acid resistance test, test for saturated water absorption
and porosity.
The tests were conducted by replacing the coarse aggregates in high strength concrete

mixes by 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of recycled coarse aggregates.

A 50% replaced mix with reduced w/c ratio was also tested. From the experimental

investigation it was found that recycled coarse aggregates can be used for making high
strength concretes by adjusting the w/c ratio and admixture contents of the mix.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Puri, N., Kumar, B., and Tyagi, H., (2013)
Studied the utilization of Recycled Wastes as ingredients in Concrete Mix.
The performance of M25 concrete made by partially replacing aggregates with
waste materials like construction debris.
The resultant concrete was tested for parameters like weight, compressive
strength, slump and workability and compared with conventional plain cement
concrete.
It has been observed that the use of waste materials results in the formation of
light weight concrete.
There is a considerable increase in the compressive strength of concrete when the
coarse aggregates are fully or partially replaced with construction debris
A minor reduction in workability of the concrete mix was observed.

LITERATURE REVIEW
C P Yong et.al (2009)
In this study, the utilization of recycled aggregates as coarse aggregate in
concrete.
Concrete is produced with partial replacement of 0%, 50% and 100% of RCA.
The compressive strength with 100% replacement of RCA has the highest
28day strength which reaches 57.99 MPa respectively and it is in close
proximity with 50% replacement of RCA.
Split Tensile strength is higher than control concrete in case of 100%
replacementof RCA and with 50% replacement of RCA is same as control
concrete.
The performance of RCA in terms of Flexural strength is not as good as the
performance in terms of compressive strength and split tensile strength.

OBJECTIVES
1. To study the compressive strength of concrete cube

containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial

replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45%
of recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of
Natural coarse aggregates.
2. To study the split tensile strength of cylindrical specimen

containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial

replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45%
of recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of
Natural coarse aggregates.

OBJECTIVES
3. To study the flexural strength of beams specimen
containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial
replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45%
of recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of
Natural coarse aggregates.

 ToEXPERIMENTAL
achieve the objectives, PROGRAMME
an experimental program
will be planned to investigate strength properties of
concrete containing:
Rice Husk Ash as partial replacement of Cement, and
Recycled Coarse Aggregate as partial replacement of

Natural Coarse Aggregates.

Experimental Programme is divided into two phases

Phase I: Properties of Material to be use.
Phase II: Properties of Concrete Mix.

MATERIALS USED
CEMENT

Ordinary Portland Cement (43 Grade)

FINE AGGREGATE

River sand was used as Fine aggregates

COARSE
AGGREGATE

Locally available crushed stone aggregates

RICE HUSK ASH

KGR Agro Fusions Pvt. Ltd. Ludhiana

RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATE

Locally available from Construction site

and RMC Plants.

SUPER PLASTICIZER

CICO PLAST SUPER K-352

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
1) CEMENT: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade
was used throughout the course of the investigation.
Table 1: Physical Properties of Cement
Sr. No.

Properties

Observations

Fineness (90 micron IS Sieve)

4%

Initial setting time

58 min.

Final setting time

375 min.

Standard consistency

33 %

Specific Gravity

3.07

28-days compressive strength

44.6 Mpa

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
2) FINE AGGREGATES: Locally available river sand passed
through 4.75 mm IS sieve was used as fine aggregate.
Table 2: Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate
S. No.

Properties

Observations

Fineness Modulus

2.715

Specific Gravity

2.67

Bulk Density

Water Absorption

1667 kg/m3
1.02 %

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
3) COARSE AGGREGATES: The coarse aggregates used,
were obtained from local quarry. The nominal maximum size
of coarse aggregate was 12.5mm.
Table 3: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregate
S. No.

Properties

Observations

Fineness Modulus

7.36

Specific Gravity

2.80

Bulk Density

Water Absorption

1720 kg/m3
0.806%

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
4) RICE HUSK ASH: Rice Husk Ash was collected from the
factory which was procured from Ludhiana. It was sieved by IS-90
micron sieve before mixing in concrete
Table 4: Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash
S. No.

Properties

Observations

Color

Greyish Black

Form

Powder

Specific Gravity

2.13

Rice Husk Ash

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
5) RECYCLED COARSE AGGRREGATE:
The concrete wastes were obtained from a local building that has
been demolished and RMC plant. The waste concrete are crushed
into pieces manually. The aggregates passing through IS sieve
20mm and retained on 12.5mm.
Table 5: Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate
S. No.

Properties

Observations

1.

Fineness modulus of recycled coarse

aggregate

8.19

2.

Specific gravity of
aggregate

2.46

3.

Bulk density of recycled coarse aggregate

4.

Water absorption of
aggregate

recycled coarse

recycled coarse

1388 kg/m3
0.60 %

Recycled Coarse
Aggregate

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
6) SUPER PLASTICIZER: The Super-Plasticizer used in this
study was CICO PLAST SUPER K-352 is new generation of
concrete admixture.

Table 6: Properties of CICO PLAST SUPER K-352

S. No.

Properties

Observations

Specific Gravity

1.19 +/- 0.01

pH value

>6

Chloride Content

< 0.1 %

Concrete Mix Design of M25

Grade:
The detail of Concrete Mix Design for M25 Grade of Concrete
done as per IS 10262:2009 is given in Table.

Table 7: MIX PROPORTION

Material

Ratio

kg/m3

Cement Content

351

Fine Aggregates Content

2.03

718.60

Coarse Aggregates Content

3.53

1283.13

Water

0.45

157.73

Table 9: Detail of Mix Designations

Cementitious Content
Mix ID

Coarse Aggregates
Fine
Aggregates

Natural Coarse
Aggregate

Recycled
Coarse
Aggregate

Cement

Rice Husk Ash

MX1

100

100

100

MX2

95

100

85

15

MX3

95

100

70

30

MX4

95

100

55

45

MX5

90

10

100

85

15

MX6

90

10

100

70

30

MX7

90

10

100

55

45

MX8

85

15

100

85

15

MX9

85

15

100

70

30

MX10

85

15

100

55

45

Workability of Concrete
Mixes

Workability is the most elusive property of concrete.

In simplest form, a concrete is said to be workable if it can
be easily mixed, handled, transported, placed in position
and compacted.
More precisely, it defines that it can be fully compacted
with minimum energy input.
To achieve the required slump Superplasticizer, CICO
PLAST SUPER K-352 @ 0.2%- 0.3% by weight of binder
was added to concrete mix.

Table 10: Slump Value for different Concrete

Mix
Mix

Cement Rice Husk

ID

Ash

Fine

Coarse

Aggregate Aggregate

Recycled Coarse Slump

Aggregate

(mm)

MX1

100

100

100

123

MX2

95

100

85

15

118

MX3

95

100

70

30

110

MX4

95

100

55

45

102

MX5

90

5
10

100

85

15

115

MX6

90

10

100

70

30

110

MX7

90

10

100

55

45

95

MX8

85

15

100

85

15

110

MX9

85

15

100

70

30

100

MX10

85

15

100

55

45

88

Compressive Strength Test of

Concrete Mixes
Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete
cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm cast from concrete of
each series, to check quality by obtaining the 28-days
compressive strength.
The compressive strength test was conducted at curing
ages of 7 days and 28 days. Variation of compressive
strength of all the mixes cured at 7 and 28 days is also
shown.

Table 11: Compressive Strength Values for various

Concrete Mix
Mix ID

MX1
MX2
MX3
MX4
MX5
MX6
MX7
MX8
MX9
MX10

Cement

100
95
95
95
90
90
90
85
85
85

Rice
Husk
Ash
0
5
5
5
10
10
10
15
15
15

Fine Coarse
Agg. Agg.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
85
70
55
85
70
55
85
70
55

Compressive Strength
(N/mm2)

Recycled
Coarse
Aggregate

7 days

28 days

0
15
30
45
15
30
45
15
30
45

22.67
22.05
23.33
22.00
23.77
23.89
21.98
20.14
20.58
21.09

35.13
34.80
35.14
34.57
34.6
34.69
33.84
33.17
34.38
32.67

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