Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

( EC 450 )

Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Assistant Professor
royl@nitrkl.ac.in
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
National Institute of Technology Rourkela
Rourkela-769008, Odisha, India.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Lecture 22: Image Enhancement

Image Enhancement in Frequency Domain
Filtering in Frequency Domain
Correspondence with Spatial Filtering
Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters
Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters
Homomorphic filtering

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Smoothing Frequency Domain Filter

Ideal Low Pass Filter (ILPF)
1
0

H ( u, v )

(a)

M
N
u v
2
2
2

D u, v

D0 cut-off frequency

if D( u, v ) D0
if D( u, v ) D0

(b)

(a) Perspective plot of ILPF transfer function

(b) Filter displayed as an
image
(c) Filter radial cross section

(c)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Filtering by ILPF

(a) Original Image

(b)-(f) Results of ILPF with Do =
5, 15, 30, 80, and 230, respectively

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Smoothing Frequency Domain Filter

Butterworth Low Pass Filter (BLPF)
H ( u, v )

1
D( u, v )
1

D
0

D u, v

2n

(a)

M
N
u v
2
2
2

D0 Cut-off frequency
n Order of the filter

(b)

(c)

(a) Perspective plot of BLPF transfer function

(b) Filter displayed as an image
(c) Filter radial cross section

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Filtering by BLPF

(a) Original Image

(b)-(f) Results for BLPF of order 2
with Do = 5, 15, 30, 80, and 230,
respectively

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Smoothing Frequency Domain Filter

Gaussian Low Pass Filter (GLPF)

H ( u, v ) e

D 2 ( u , v ) 2 D02

(a)

M
N
u v
2
2

D u, v

D0 cut-off frequency

(b)

(c)

(a) Perspective plot of GLPF function

(b) Filter displayed as an image
(c) Filter radial cross section
7

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Filtering by GLPF

(a) Original Image

(b)-(f) Results GLPF Do = 5, 15, 30,
80, and 230, respectively

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Sharpening Frequency Domain Filter

Ideal High Pass Filter (IHPF)
0
H ( u, v )
1

if D( u, v ) D0

M
N
D u, v u v
2
2

D0 cut-off frequency

if D( u, v ) D0

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a) Perspective plot of IHPF transfer function

(b) Filter displayed as an
image
(c) Filter radial cross section
9

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Filtering by IHPF

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)-(c) Results of IHPF with Do = 30, 60, and 160, respectively

10

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Sharpening Frequency Domain Filter

Butterworth High Pass Filter (BHPF)
H ( u, v )

D0
1

D
(
u
,
v
)

(a)

2
2
M
N
D u, v u v
2
2

D0 cut-off frequency

2n

n order of the filter

(b)

(c)

(a) Perspective plot of BHPF transfer function

(b) Filter displayed as an image
(c)Filter radial cross section
11

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Filtering by BHPF

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)-(c) Results for BHPF of order 2 with Do = 30, 60, and 160, respectively

12

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Sharpening Frequency Domain Filter

Gaussian Low Pass Filter

H ( u, v ) 1 e

(a)

D ( u ,v )

2 D02

M
N
u v
2
2
2

D u, v

D0 cut-off frequency

(b)

(c)

(a) Perspective plot of GHPF transfer function

(b) Filter displayed as an
image
(c) Filter radial cross section
13

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Filtering by GHPF

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)-(c) Results for GHPF with Do = 30, 60, and 160, respectively

14

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Sharpening Frequency Domain Filter

Laplacian in Frequency Domain
2
2
h x, y 2 2
x
y

H u, v u 2 v 2

Upon centering,

M
N
H u, v u v
2
2

DFT
x
2
DFT

x 2

ju
u2

Sharpened Image Using Laplacian

g sharpen x, y f x, y 2 f x, y

M
N
Sharpening Mask : H sharpen u, v 1 u v
2
2

15

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Homomorphic Filtering
f x, y i x, y r x, y

F ( u , v ) I ( u , v ) R( u , v )

i x , y Illumination component

r x , y Reflectance component

z x , y ln f x , y = ln i x , y ln r x , y
Z u, v Fi u, v Fr u, v

S u, v H u, v Z u, v =H u, v Fi u, v H u, v Fr u, v
s x, y i ' x, y r ' x, y

g x, y e

s x , y

i' x , y r ' x , y

i0 x , y r0 x , y
i0 x , y e

i' x , y

Illumination component

r0 x , y e

r' x , y

Reflectance component

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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 450: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
Dr. Lakshi Prosad Roy

Homomorphic Filtering
Separation of illumination and reflectance components
Simultaneous gray-level range compression and contrast enhancement

f(x,y)

ln

DFT

H(u,v)

IDFT

exp

g(x,y)

Using modified Gaussian HPF,

c D 2 u ,v

H u, v H L 1 e

D02

c constant
(control sharpness of slope of Filter T.F.)

17