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Fall 2015
Chapter 6: Samples
To What Types of Patients Do These Research
Conclusions ApplyWho Was in the Study?
(Used with modification by L. Greiner Fall 2015)
Key Terms
Population
Sample
Non-probability sample
Probability sample
Recruitment
Inclusion criteria
Bias
Important Distinctions
Population
All the people who have the condition or
characteristic of interest
May also be called population of interest
May also be called target population
Sample
A subset of the population
Does the sample reflect the population?
Sampling strategies in
quantitative studies are used to
avoid bias. Bias in this case
refers to
A. When the researcher believes he/she knows the
answer in advance of the study
B. When random sampling is best but not selected
C. When some factor changes the results leading
to incorrect conclusions
D. None of the above
Copyright 2015 Wolters Kluwer All Rights Reserved
Nonprobability sampling
strategies include which of the
following?
A. Convenience
B. Quota
C. Purposive
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
Copyright 2015 Wolters Kluwer All Rights Reserved
Quantitative
Qualitative
Goal is to include as
many sources as possible
to add richness and
depth
Approach is driven by
data collection and
evolves.
Approach is established at
the beginning of study.
Convenience
Snowball
Purposive
QUESTION
ANSWER
False.
A convenience sample consists of members of the
population who are readily available. A purposive
sample consists of participants who are intentionally
or purposefully selected because they have certain
characteristics related to the purpose of the
research.
General approaches
1. Nonprobability sample
2. Probability sample
Nonprobability Samples
Convenience sample
Sampling frame
Quota sample
Matched sample
Strengths
Weaknesses
QUESTION
A sample that is selected with a goal of having an
established number of subjects who represent one or
more important characteristics is a ___________.
A.matched sample
B.quota sample
C.random sample
D.snowball sample
ANSWER
B. quota sample
A sample that is selected on the basis of a goal of
having an established number of subjects who
represent one or more important characteristics
recommendations based on results is a quota
sample. The quota has been filled with desired
participants.
Probability Sample
Random sample
Random selection
Stratified random sample
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Probability Samples
Strengths
Weaknesses
QUESTION
A process of sampling in stages starting with groups
within the population and then individuals within the
groups is a ____________.
A.cluster sample
B.random sample
C.stratified random sample
D.systematic sample
ANSWER
A. cluster sample
A process of sampling in stages starting with groups
within the population and then individuals within the
groups is a cluster sample. Small clusters form and
then participants are selected from within.
Sample Size
Qualitative
Data saturation
Quantitative studies
Power analysis
In Summary
Questions?