ELEVATOR

Prepared by: Albert S. De Jesus

ELEVATOR
An elevator is a platform, either open
or enclosed, used for moving people or
freight vertically, from one floor to
another within a building. Elevators are a
standard part of any tall commercial or
residential building. These days elevators
are often a legal requirement in new
buildings with multiple floors.

Did You Know

In 1852 Elisha Grave Otis invented

the safety elevator, giving rise to

modern skyline.
Without the elevator the modern
buildings would be limited to five or
six stories
Consider that today, elevators
move the equivalent of the worlds
population every 72 hours.

Uses of elevators

Passenger Elevators are designed to move people

between different floors of a building, their capacity
being related to available floor space.
Passenger elevators may be specialized for the
service they perform, including: Hospital emergency
(Code blue), front and rear entrances, double
Decker, and other uses.
Express elevators are designed to move people from
ground floor to a sky lobby skipping several floors in
between at a high speed.
Wheelchair, or platform lifts, a specialized type of
elevator designed to move awheelchair6 ft (1.8 m)
or less, often can accommodate just one person in a
wheelchair at a time with a maximum load of 1000 lb
(455 kg).

Uses of elevators
Freight Elevators are meant to carry heavy loads
generally 2300 to 4500 kg. They usually dont comply
with fire service requirements and carrying passengers is
generally prohibited unless specified.
On aircraft carriers, elevators carry aircraft between the
flight deck and the hangar deck for operations or repairs.
These elevators are designed for much greater capacity
than any other elevator.
A small freight elevator is often called adumbwaiter,
often used for the moving of small items such as dishes
in a 2-story kitchen or books in a multi-story rack
assembly. Passengers are never permitted
ondumwaiters.
A special type of elevator is the paternoster, a constantly
moving chain of boxes, generally used in industrial
plants.
Grain Elevators are used to elevate grain for storage in

Elevator
I- Types
According to hoist mechanism:
Hydraulic Elevators- Hydraulic elevators are supported
by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes
the elevator up. They are used for low-rise applications
of 2-8 stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200
feet per minute. The machine room for hydraulic
elevators is located at the lowest level adjacent to the
elevator shaft.

Elevator
I- Types
According to hoist
mechanism:

Traction Elevators (Pull Elevators)Traction elevators are lifted by ropes,

which pass over a wheel attached to an
electric motor above the elevator shaft.
They are used for mid and high-rise
applications and have much higher
travel speeds than hydraulic elevators.

Elevator
I- Types
According to hoist mechanism:

Climbing Elevators - They hold their own power device

on them, mostly electric or combustion engine. Climbing
elevators are often used in work and construction areas.

Elevator
I- Types
According to hoist mechanism:

Pneumatic Elevators- Pneumatic elevators are raised

and lowered by controlling air pressure in a chamber in
which the elevator sits.

Elevator
II-Types
According to building height:
A- Low-Rise buildings (1- 3 stories)
Buildings up to about (1 to 3) stories typically use
hydraulic elevators because of their lower initial cost

B- Mid-Rise buildings (4 -11 stories)

Buildings up to about (4 to 11) stories typically useGeared
Traction Elevators
C- High-Risebuildings(12 + stories)
Buildings up to about 12+ stories typically useGear-Less
Traction Elevators

Elevator
IIIAccording to building types:
Types

1- Hospital Elevators- Hospital bed elevators generally

transport patients who are not well enough to sit up even
in a wheelchair.

Elevator
IIIAccording to building types:
Types

2- Passenger Elevators- Domestic elevators which are

intended to move passengers up and down stairs in a
multilevel residence are quite similar to those used in large
public buildings.

Elevator
IIIAccording to building types:
Types
3- Agricultural applications

Elevator
IIIAccording to building types:
Types

4- Industrial Elevators - The most common types of

industrial elevators are hoist elevators and incline
elevators. These types of elevators are built to carry huge
amounts of weight effortlessly, therefore the term
industrial elevators. This type of elevators is used in
construction, warehouses, and shipyards.

Elevator
IIIAccording to building types:
Types
5- Parking Elevators

Auto Car Parking Elevator

Elevator
IIIAccording to building types:
Types
6- Commercial Elevators - A passenger elevator is
designed to move people between a building's floors.
Passenger elevators capacity is related to the available
floor space.

1222: General Provisions

1222.01: Application:
The owner/manager or his authorized representative shall file
with the Secretary or his authorized representative having
jurisdiction an application to install or construct an elevator
together with the necessary plans in triplicate signed and
sealed by a registered professional mechanical engineer for
the mechanical plans and by a professional electrical engineer
for the electrical plans, both duly licensed to practice in the
Philippines.
1222.02: Permit:
No elevator, (passenger or freight) shall be installed and/or
operated in any place of employment in the Philippines without
a written permit issued for the purpose by the Regional Labor
Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction.

1222: General Provisions

1222.03: Construction:
(1) Upon approval of the application and plans together with the
necessary supporting papers, the installation and/or construction of
the elevator may be started under the direct charge and
supervision of a professional mechanical engineer and professional
electrical engineer,
(2) The Regional Office or authorized representative shall be
informed either in writing or in person of any deviation made from
the approved plans.
(3) In cases where major alterations are made that may affect the
approved design, the plans shall be resubmitted for approval.
(4) Upon completion of the installation and/or construction, a
request for final inspection shall be filed with the Regional Labor
Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction. If such
inspection show compliance with the approved plans, standards
and necessary tests, a permit or certificate shall be issued valid for
one (1 )year from the date of final inspection.

1222: General Provisions

1222.04: Renewal:
Application for the renewal of a permit/certificate shall be
filed by the owner/manager or his duly authorized
representative with the Regional Labor Office or authorized
representative with the Regional Labor Office or authorized
representative having jurisdiction at least thirty (30) days
before the expiration date of permit or certificate.

1222: General Provisions

1223: General Requirements:
(1) Every part of the structure, machinery, and equipment
shall be:
a. of good design, good mechanical construction, sound
material, adequate strength, free from defects, and
b. kept in good working condition.
(2) Hoistways from all elevators shall be substantially
enclosed throughout their height and there shall be no
openings except for necessary doors, windows or skylights.
(3) Hoistways for elevators outside the buildings shall be
substantially enclosed to a height of at least 3 m (10 ft.)
provided that the enclosure shall be continuous to the top
of any side where there is access to the cage.

1222: General Provisions

1223: General Requirements:
(4) The enclosures shall be either a continuous wall or
substantial grill work, metal bars, or wood slats. In general
enclosures shall be fire resistant.
(5)
a. Where a hoistway extends into the top of a building, fireresistant hoistway or machinery spaced enclosures shall
be carried to the underside of the roof, if the roof is of fireresistive construction, and at least 90 cm (3 ft.) above the
surface of the roof, if the roof is of non-fire-resistive
construction;
b. Where a hoistway does not extend into the top floor of a
building, the top of the hoistway shall be enclosed with a
fire resistant construction.

1222: General Provisions

1223: General Requirements:
(6)
a. A pit shall be provided for every elevator.
b. The floor of the pit shall be approximately level.
c. Pits extending below the ground level shall have noncombustible floors and shall be designed to prevent entry of
ground water into the pit. The pit floor of any hoistway not
extending to the ground shall be of fire resistant construction.
d. Hoistway pits shall be of such depth that when the car rests
on the fully compressed buffers, there shall be a vertical
clearance of not less than 610 mm. between the pit floor and
the lowest structural or mechanical part, equipment or device
installed beneath the car platform except guide shoes or rollers,
safety jaw assemblies, and platform aprons, guards, or other
equipment located within 305 mm. horizontally from the sides
of the car platform.

The End