By

Hill Gendoet Hartono

Alur diskusi :
Pendahuluan
Tectonic Setting

Regim Tektonik

Generasi Magma

Diagram Fase

Klasifikasi
Mid Test
Rock Forming Mineral
Kimia Mineral Pembentuk Batuan
Petrologi Batuan Beku
Petrologi Batuan Gunungapi
Evaluasi

Sem Test

Pustaka :
The evolution of the igneous rocks, 1979
By: H.S. Yoder, Jr. (Ed.)
Basic analytical petrology, 1989
By: P.C. Ragland
Igneous petrogenesis: a global tectonics
approach, 1989
By: M. Wilson
Using geochemical data: evaluation,
presentation, interpretation, 1993
By: H.R. Rollinson

Kimiawi
Batuan
Gunungapi

Batuan
gunungapi

Kimiawi
Kristal
(klinopiroksen)

Seri
gunungapi

Seri
gunungapi

Petrografi

Lingkungan
Tektonik

Studi petrologi gunungapi

Penunjang lingkungan tektonik

VOLCANISM AT PLATE TECTONIC BOUNDARIES

Volcanism at divergent and convergent

plate margins. Courtesy of USGS.

DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES

World map showing plate boundaries (blue

lines), the distribution of recent earthquakes
(yellow dots) and active volcanoes (red
triangles). Courtesy of NASA.

Crust

0 to 40 km

0C

Upper Mantle

40 to 670 km
1,000C

Lower Mantle

670 to 2,890 km
2,000C

Outer Core

2,890 to 5,150 km
3,700C

Inner Core

5,150 to 6,370 km
4,300C

There is a hierarchy to the

elements of Geology
Elements combine to form
the natural compounds.

Natural compounds
and elements combine
to form minerals.
Minerals make up rocks.
Rocks make up the Earth.

SERI BOWEN
VS
MINERAL PEMBENTUK
BATUAN

Rock Cycle

explains
how Rocks and Natural Processes
are related
The

weathering

Sedimentary

lt
me

ur
e,
he
a

Metamorphic

pr
es
s

ing

Igneous

Bowens reaction series &

The igneous rock forming minerals

olivin

piroksin

hornblende

biotit

plagioklas

muskovit

kuarsa

MAGMA COMPOSITION AND ROCK TYPES

SiO2 CONTENT

MAGMA TYPE

VOLCANIC ROCK

~50%

Mafic

Basalt

~60%

Intermediate

Andesite

~65%

Felsic (low Si)

Dacite

~70%

Felsic (high Si)

Rhyolite

CONTROLS ON EXPLOSIVITY

SiO2

MAGMA
TYPE

TEMPERATURE

VISCOSITY

GAS
CONTENT

ERUPTION
STYLE

~50%

mafic

~1100

low

low

nonexplosive

~60%

intermediate

~1000

intermediate

intermediate

intermediate

~70%

felsic

~800

high

high

explosive

(centigrade)

MAIN VOLCANO TYPES

VOLCANO
TYPE

SCORIA CONE

SHIELD VOLCANO

STRATOVOLCANO

VOLCANO
SHAPE

COMPOSITION

ERUPTION
TYPE

Straight sides with

steep slopes; large
summit crater

Basalt tephra;
occasionally andesitic

Strombolian

Very gentle slopes;

convex upward

Basalt lava flows

Hawaiian

Highly variable;
alternating basaltic to
rhyolitic lavas and
tephra with an overall
andesite composition

Plinian

Gentle lower slopes,

but steep upper
slopes; concave
upward; small summit
crater

Bas-plot

Cox-plot

Irvine-plot

piroksin

Gabro

Dott, 1964

Pembundaran

Maturity

wentworth