CCNA 200-120 Training

2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

Aug, 2015

CCNA 200-120

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Jose Luis FloresPage

/ Amel
1

2.0 LAN Switching Technologies

2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

2.8.a RSTP
2.8.b PVSTP
2.8.c Etherchannels

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

CCNA 200-120

The 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) standard was

designed at a time when the recovery of connectivity
after an outage within a minute or so was considered
adequate performance. With the advent of Layer 3
switching in LAN environments, bridging now competes
with routed solutions where protocols, such as Open
Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol (EIGRP), are able to provide an alternate
path in less time.

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

CCNA 200-120

Which switch provides the

spanning-tree designated
port role for the network
segment that services the
printers?

A. Switch1
B. Switch2
C. Switch3
D. Switch4

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Key Topics

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Best practices:

On interface:

udld aggressive

description XXXXX
panning-tree mode rapid-pvst
power inline never
panning-tree portfast default
switchport access vlan
panning-tree portfast bpduguard default
XXX
no spanning-tree optimize bpdu transmission
switchport mode access
no logging event linkstatus
no snmp trap link-status
no mdix auto
spanning-tree portfast
Check Bug CSCee70806 at
spanning-tree guard loop
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/Bugtool/launch_bugtool.pl
____________________
Release Notes
"no spanning-tree optimize bpdu transmission" cannot be removed from the "show
running" output.

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CCNA 200-120

Best practices:

errdisable recovery cause udld

errdisable recovery cause bpduguard
errdisable recovery interval (time in
seconds)

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PVST Operation
In a PVST+ environment, you can tune the
spanning-tree parameters so that half the
VLANs forward on each uplink trunk.
You do this by configuring one switch to be
elected the root bridge for hal of the VLANs
in the network and a second switch to be
elected the root bridge for the other half of
the VLANs

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PVST Operation

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PVST Operation
Switched networks running PVST+ have the
following characteristics:
Configured PVST per VLAN allows redundant links to be
fully utilized.
Each additional spanning-tree instance for a VLAN adds
more CPU cycles to all switches in the network

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PVST Operation
PVST Port States
Operation
Allowed

Blocki
ng

Listeni Learni Forward

ng
ng
ing

Disabled

Can receive and

process BPDUs

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Can forward
data frames
received on
interface

No

No

No

Yes

No

Can forward
data frames
switched from
another
interface

No

No

No

Yes

No

Can learn MAC

addresses

No

No

Yes

Yes

NO

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PVST Operation
Extended System ID

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Bridge ID for PVST+ with Extended

System ID

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Rapid PVST + Operation

In Rapid PVST+, a single instance of RSTP
runs for each VLAN. This is why Rapid PVST+
has a very high demand for switch resources
(CPU cycles and RAM)
Rapid PVST+ is simply the Cisco
Implementation of RSTP on a per-VLAN
basis.

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Rapid PVST + Operation

With RSTP, IEEE improved the convergence
performance of STP from 50 seconds to less
than 10 seconds with its definition of Rapid
STP (RSTP) in the standard 802.1w.

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

Which two states are the port states when RSTP has converged?
(Choose two. )
A. discarding
B. listening
C. learning
D. forwarding
E. disabled

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Rapid PVST + Operation

RSTP is identical to STP in the following
ways:
It elects the root switch using the same
parameters and tiebreakers.
It elects the root port on non-root switches
with the same rules.
It elects designated ports on each LAN
segment with the same rules.
It places each port in either forwarding or
discarding state, although RSTP calls the
blocking state the discarding state.

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RSTP and STP Port States

Operati
onal
State

STP State
802.1D

RSTP State
802.1w

Forwards
Data Frames
in This
State?

Enabled

Blocking

Discarding

No

Enabled

Listening

Discarding

No

Enabled

Learning

Learning

No

Enabled

Forwarding

Forwarding

Yes

Disabled

Disabled

Discarding

No

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

Port Roles
The role is now a variable assigned to a given port. The root port
and designated port roles remain, while the blocking port role is
split into the backup and alternate port roles. The Spanning Tree
Algorithm (STA) determines the role of a port based on Bridge
Protocol Data Units (BPDUs). In order to simplify matters, the thing
to remember about a BPDU is there is always a method to
compare any two of them and decide whether one is more useful
than the other. This is based on the value stored in the BPDU and
occasionally on the port on which they are received. This
considered, the information in this section explains practical
approaches to port roles.

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

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EtherChannel mode ON

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

Ciscozine_SW1
Ciscozine_SW1# configure terminal
Ciscozine_SW1(config)# interface range fastethernet0/0 -2
Ciscozine_SW1(config-if-range)# switchport mode trunk
Ciscozine_SW1(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10
Ciscozine_SW1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode on
Ciscozine_SW1(config-if-range)# exit
Ciscozine_SW1(config)# exit
Ciscozine_SW1# write

Ciscozine_SW2
Ciscozine_SW2# configure terminal
Ciscozine_SW2(config)# interface range fastethernet0/0 -2
Ciscozine_SW2(config-if-range)# switchport mode trunk
Ciscozine_SW2(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10
Ciscozine_SW2(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode on
Ciscozine_SW2(config-if-range)# exit
Ciscozine_SW2(config)# exit
Ciscozine_SW2# write

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

STP/EtherChannel Cost
Spanning-tree reproduces the increased bandwidth provided by
EtherChannel.
The default cost for a 100 Mbps link is 19 and if a port-channel is
created that has only two 100 Mbps links, the spanning-tree cost will
be 9.
A port-channel with six or more 100 Mbps physical ports will have an
STP cost of 5. The cost is calculated based on the number of ports
assigned to the port-channel. see table below:

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

CCNA 200-120

A
network
administrator
is
configuring
an
EtherChannel between SW1 and SW2. The SW1
configuration is shown.
What is the correct configuration for SW2?
A. interface FastEthernet 0/1 channel-group 1 mode
active
switchport
trunk
encapsulation
dot1q
switchport mode trunk interface FastEthernet 0/2
channel-group 1 mode active switchport trunk
encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk
B. interface FastEthernet 0/1 channel-group 2 mode
auto switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport
mode trunk interface FastEthernet 0/2 channel-group
2 mode auto switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
C. interface FastEthernet 0/1 channel-group 1 mode
desirable switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk interface FastEthernet 0/2
channel-group 1 mode desirable switchport trunk
encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk
D. interface FastEthernet 0/1 channel-group 1 mode
passive switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk interface FastEthernet 0/2
channel-group 1 mode passive switchport trunk
encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk
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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

What parameter can be different on ports within an

EtherChannel?

CCNA 200-120

A. speed
B. DTP negotiation settings
C. trunk encapsulation
D. duplex

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

If the devices produced the given output, what is the cause of the
EtherChannel problem?
A. SW1's Fa0/1 interface is administratively shut down.
B. There is an encapsulation mismatch between SW1's Fa0/1 and SW2's
Fa0/1 interfaces.
C. There is an MTU mismatch between SW1's Fa0/1 and SW2's Fa0/1
interfaces.
D. There is a speed mismatch between SW1's Fa0/1 and SW2's Fa0/1
interfaces.

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2.8 Identify enhanced switching technologies

A network administrator creates a layer 3 EtherChannel, bundling four

interfaces into channel group1.
On what interface is the IP address configured?
A. the port-channel 1 interface
B. the highest number member interface
C. all member interfaces
D. the lowest number member interface

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Bibliograph
y

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/24062-146.html
http://blog.ine.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/understanding-stp-rstp-convergence.pdf
http://infodocs.net/articulo/networking/etherchannel-entre-switches-cisco
http://orbit-computer-solutions.com/Understanding-and-Configuring-EtherChannel.php

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Q&A

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