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Biofuel (Biodiesel)
Agenda
Introduction
As-is
To-be
Conclusion
Introduction
Technology Foresights
This term Technology Foresight took off in the 1990s,
each countries sought new policy tools to deal with
problems in their science, technology and innovation
systems (Miles,2010)
The term foresight has long been used to describe
readiness to deal with long-term issues (especially on
the part of governments) (Miles,2010)
Biofuel
A gaseous, liquid, or solid substance of biological origin
that is used as a fuel (Collins English Dictionary)
One type of renewable energy and alternative energy
sources may potentially inhibit the development and
maturation of longer-term technologies that have
greater potential to correct the harmful effects of fossilfuel dependence (Charles, Ryan, Ryan, & Oloruntoba, 2007)
Biodiesel
A biofuel intended for use in diesel engines
(Collins English Dictionary). It is output from refining
a range of biomass* materials and can be use as
transport fuel (Taylor. 2008)
About
Biodiesel
A well-established technology
Generally methyl esters made by
transesterification*.
FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) or FAEE (Fatty Acid
Ethyl Ester)
A common FAME is RME, made from oil-seed rape
Renewable raw material: vegetable oils (rapeseed
oil, sunflower oil, soy oil, palm oil), animal fat or
used cooking/frying oil
Co-products: glycerine and animal feed
Used in compression ignition diesel systems
Mixable with fossil diesel (pure, B100, or blended,
B10, B20)
Objective
According European Council's proposal for an Energy Police for
Europe, March 2006. The Central objectives of energy policy are:
Environmental, Social, Economic sustainability
Competitiveness
Energy supply security
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020, scale up
to 30% if other developed countries make comparable efforts
(below 1990 levels)
Improving energy efficiency by 20% by 2020
Raising the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020
Increasing the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 10% by 2020
Purpose
The purpose of this project is to analyze
the technology of biofuel nowadays and in
future
Source:http://www.farmersguardian.com/home/hot-topics/biofuels/32011.article
Current Trend
Biofuel has become an alternative
energy source explored
Palm biofuel program since 1982
Homegrown indigenous palm
biodiesel production technologies
Economic
Cont.
PEST & PESTEL analysis
Political
Economic
MPOB has provided a start-up
fund worth MYR1 million each
to the five petroleum
companies operating in the
country: BHP, Chevron,
ExxonMobil, Petronas and Shell
A company with pioneer status
is granted tax exemption on at
least 70% of its statutory
income for 5 years
Companies that are at least
51% Malaysian owned, with
export potential in the rubber,
palm oil and wood-based
industries, are eligible for
Reinvestment Incentives for
Cont.
Socio-cultural
Immigration is increasing
Technological
Cont.
Environmental (ecological)
Legal
Case Study
Powering the Future of Flight in UK
Solena will produce large amounts of
aviation biofuel (by processing municipal
waste) for British Airways and others
airways.
Convert all forms of biomass into clean
renewable energy
Offer a unique opportunity for aviation to
decarbonizes over the short-medium term.
Zero waste to landfill target by 2025
Case Study
The plant have a major effect on Co2 and
greenhouse gas reduction.
Providing air quality benefits when the fuel
is burned
The project will generate around 1,000
jobs in London
Achivement
: situation
Biodiesel
To-Be
To create
when Foresight
biodiesel do make
significant and
sustainable contribution to renewable energy
source in the
future.
The technology already exist to meet 2020 target,
emphasis would be on optimization and
implement the best technology much more
widely on next decade.
New technology such convert waste to bioethanol
would increase over longer term to achieve
higher target after 2020
Biofuel play a complementary role in substituting
for oil , prospect to run hybrid electric/biofuel in
future
Conclusion
Technology foresight for biodiesel has responded requests
from the government leaders for more detailed analysis of
the sustainable growth pathway for biofuels, as a key
carbon mitigation technology. The biofuel roadmap is
intended to be a process that evolves to take into account
new technology developments, policies and international
collaboration efforts. The roadmap has been designed
with milestones that the international community can use
to ensure that biofuel development efforts are on track to
achieve reductions in GHG emissions that are required by
2050 in a sustainable manner. The IEA*, together with
government, industry and NGO stakeholders are working
together on it, to make sure the biofuel roadmap actions
will be successfully implement in this world