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DNA STRUCTURE
History of DNA
Radioactive
32
Chargaffs Rule
Adenine must pair with Thymine
Guanine must pair with Cytosine
The bases form weak hydrogen bonds
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Helix
Most DNA has a righthand twist with 10 base
pairs in a complete turn
Left twisted DNA is
called Z-DNA or
southpaw DNA
Hot spots occur where
right and left twisted
DNA meet producing
mutations
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Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Structure of a nucleotide
2.A Phosphate group
Phosphate groups are
important because
they link the sugar
on one nucleotide
onto the phosphate
of the next
nucleotide to make a
polynucleotide.
Structure of a nucleotide
3. A Nitrogenous base
In DNA the four bases are:
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
P
N-base
Thymine - T
Cytosine - C
Uracil - U
Purines
Have double rings
of Carbon and
Nitrogen atom
Adenine - A
Guanine - G
Again:
Adenine always base pairs with Thymine (or Uracil if
RNA)
Cytosine always base pairs with Guanine.
This is because there is exactly enough room for one
purine and one pyrimidine base between the two
polynucleotide strands of DNA.
DNA
5
P
5
O
O
5
3
P
5
O
O
O
3
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19
Antiparallel Strands
One strand of DNA
goes from 5 to 3
(sugars)
The other strand is
opposite in
direction going 3
to 5 (sugars)
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20
Question:
What would be the
complementary DNA
strand for the following
DNA sequence?
DNA 5-CGTATG-3
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21
Answer:
DNA 5-CGTATG-3
DNA 3-GCATAC-5
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22