IGC 2 : ELEMENT 2

Transport Hazards and

Risk Control

FORK TRUCKS AND DUMPER

TRUCKS
There are a number of different types of
fork trucks in use in the workplace. Some
of these are:

Fork Trucks and

Dumpers
TelescopicRough Terrain Counterbalance

CompactPedestrianIndustrial Reach
Dumper
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Counterbalance Fork-lift truck

The fork-lift truck mostly used in the
workplace is counterbalance fork-lift
truck. It carries the load in front which
is counterbalanced by a weight at the
rear

Rough Terrain Fork-lift Truck

This type of truck operates in the same
way as the counterbalance truck but
has large pneumatic (air filled) tyres
which give a greater ground clearance
and is designed to work on soft,
uneven ground as may be found on
construction sites.

Industrial Reach Fork-lift Truck

This truck operates by the mast moving
away from the body of the truck to pickup the load

Pedestrian Controlled Trucks

This type of truck is operated by an
individual walking with the truck rather
than riding on it

When selecting any type of truck the

employer should ensure,
1- that they are of good construction,
2- free from defects and
3-suitable for the purpose in terms of
capacity, size and type.

The features of the design should

include:
Being as small as possible
Not to carry more than 2 people
Provision of a slip resistant floor
Edge protection
Locked gate
Guard to protect against moving parts
Safety harness and fitting points

Compact Dumpers
These vehicles are most commonly
used on construction sites and are
designed to operate on rough surfaces
carrying the load in a bucket in front of
the vehicle.

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Parking of Fork-lift Trucks

The precautions when parking fork-lifts trucks should
include:

Designated parking area

Applying brakes
Controls in neutral position
Swift off engine
Removing key and returning to responsible person
Forks resting on floor
Mast tilted slightly forward
Not obstructing walkways
Not obstructing fire exits/fire points

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the main hazards associated with lift truck

operations are:
Overturning
Overloading
Loss of load
Collision with people and objects
Machine failure
Falling from loading bays
Explosions and fire fuel leaks/battery charging/electrical arcing
Exhaust fume emission
Passengers
Inappropriate parking blocking entrances/exits
Manual handling adjusting forks/changing batteries
Vibration travelling over uneven ground
Noise
Silent running

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VEHICLE OPERATIONS
Lack of Training, Driving
training, Information,
Instructions & supervision.
Passage ways are too narrow,
too steep, slippery, uneven
etc.
Place of work: Poor lighting,
dust, noise etc.
Vehicles overloaded, load
unbalanced or unsecured
etc.

Poor or no road markings, no barriers or clear safety signs,

lack of warnings sound systems.
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SAFE VEHICLE OPERATIONS

Suitable & Sufficient Risk
Assessment, Follow Hierarchy of
appropriate controls.
Safe place: Even grounds, clear
passageways, Markings, Traffic
signs, vision aids Adequate space
for reversing, loading & unloading
vehicles;
Clear separation between
pedestrians & vehicles' passages,
cones, barriers, enough lighting,
clear marked & well lit parking areas.
Safe Person: Training, Defensive
driving training, refresher training,
Clear instructions & information,
competent drivers; Licensed,
positive attitude, experienced etc.

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FORKLIFT SAFETY
FORKLIFT HAZARDS:

Overturning; uneven drive ways, sudden

braking, wheels hitting an obstruction etc.

Overloading; exceeding the SWL, insecure &

unbalanced load.

Collisions & striking pedestrians (unaware of

the silent operating electrical truck)

Battery charging; fire & explosion.

Lack of driver training, information,

experience & supervision.

Lifting humans.

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Forklift Trucks Hazards:

Overturning; uneven drive ways, sudden braking, wheels hitting an

obstruction etc.
Overloading; exceeding the SWL, insecure & unbalanced load.
Collisions & striking pedestrians (unaware of the silent operating
electrical truck)
Overhead Obstructions, Poor vision.
Lack of maintenance & speeding.
Battery charging; fire & explosion.
Lack of driver training, information, experience & supervision.
Lifting humans.
Noise, vibration, exhaustion fumes & manual handling hazards.

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Forklift Trucks Controls:

Adequate driver training & use of competent drivers.

Clear work Instructions & supervision.
All Forklifts to be marked for SWL.
Never lift humans & avoid reversing.
Safe stacking & balanced loads.
Secure the load. No overloading.
Obey speed limits & drive only in marked lanes.
Park & recharge in designated areas; Never block emergency exits.
Always be aware of pedestrians, use audio signals & lights for warning.
Drive with forks down. When not in use, always leave the truck in a safe
position; brakes on, engine off, forks down & keys out.
Never allow unauthorized operation.
Strict system of planned preventive maintenance & drivers to check truck
thoroughly prior to operation & report any unsafe conditions.

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FORKLIFT CONTROL
Adequate driver training & use of
competent drivers.
Clear work Instructions &
supervision.
All Forklifts to be marked for SWL.
Never lift humans & avoid reversing.
Safe stacking & balanced loads.
Secure the load. No overloading.
Obey speed limits & drive only in
marked lanes.
Park & recharge in designated
areas; Never block emergency exits.

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Safe system of work: Preventive Maintenance Schedule, Vehicle inspection

system & checklists, Reporting & corrective actions.

Journey Management system: Routes, scheduling, Time of departure &

arrival, distance, weather conditions, drivers; No alcohols or drugs, no

continuous driving for more than 2 hours & No Cell phones.
Secure loads, Vehicles to be marked for Safe Working Load, Balanced loads,
no overloading; loading & unloading in designated areas.
Safety seat belts, Roll over protection, PPE, reflective vests, sirens & audio
reversing signals.
No over speeding, Drivers' monitoring systems, One way roads, And Clear
Speed Limits posted & communicated.
Convex mirrors on corners.
Full medical check up & annual check up for drivers.
Safety Drivers meeting every morning.
Top management commitment to driving control systems & implementing
disciplinary actions.
Having a driving Policy is a pulse.

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Cranes

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Types of Cranes In Construction

Stationary and mobile
Crawler and truck cranes
Tower cranes and gantry cranes

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Gantry Crane

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TOWER CRANES

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Crane Hazards: Tower cranes, Mobile

cranes, Over head cranes etc
Over turning, Over loading & poor slinging.
Insecure & unbalanced load; falling load.
Collision with overhead structure, striking a
pedestrian etc.
Operator's error, lack of training &
competence.
Lack of maintenance, Regular inspection &
reporting.
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Crane Controls:
Competent operators; proper training, instructions,
experience & supervision.
Good visibility & Adequate lighting & assessing distance to
of movement.
Safe drive ways & weather conditions.
Use of safety signs, audible & visual warnings.
Barriers to stop any pedestrians from entering a crane
operation area; PPE.
Regular planned preventive inspections & maintenance.
Ensure adequate communication.
Never exceed the SWL. Secure the load & conduct
thorough Inspection prior to each use.

Operators to report any unsafe condition

immediately
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Hoists Hazards:
Overloading & failure of lifting chains or ropes;
Falling loads.
Striking moving parts or fixed objects.
Being struck by falling loads or moving parts
of the hoist.
Falling from a hoist; when used unsafely to
carry humans.

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Hoists Controls:
Secure the load, Never exceed SWL.
Competent & well trained personnel.
Adequate lighting & weather conditions.
Never allow passengers on goods hoist.
Thorough inspection prior to each operation;
Safe System of Work.
Implemented planned preventive maintenance
& inspection system; reporting any unsafe
conditions immediately
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 Surface must be able to withstand weight

of crane and its load.

Support Failure
31.5%

Parking lots are

paved with black
top intended to
support a car or
. light truck
The tire and
outrigger pad have
about the same
surface contact,
but the outrigger
pad places
thousands of
pounds of force
per square inch on
.the ground
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Operator Error
33.1% 34

High Wind
1.6%

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Carrying The Loads

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ANTI-TWO BLOCK DEVICE

3
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 Lack of planning by operators

has disastrous results.

Operator Error
33.1%
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Operator Error
33.1% 51

Operator Error
33.1% 52

Improper Load

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&Machinery
Structural Failure
11.2%

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&Machinery
Structural Failure
11.2%

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Thorough Examination of lifting

equipment: visual check, testing
components, testing under operating
conditions; carried out by a competent person
independent from the employer.

Inspection: used to identify whether the

equipment can be operated, adjusted and
maintained safely in case of any defect;
normally performed by a competent person
who is usually an employee appointed by the
employer.
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A Thorough examination/testing of lifting equipment

should be undertaken by a competent person who is
independent from the employer:
Before the first use of the equipment.
After equipment assembly in a new location.
Every 6 months for persons' lifting equipment.
At least every 12 months for all other lifting equipment.
According to a specific examination schedule.
In case of exceptional condition that could endanger the safety
of equipment e.g. severe weather.
The competent independent person carrying out the
examination must notify the employer of any defect they believe
dangerous.
Equipment to be inspected at suitable intervals between
thorough examinations; frequency & extent of inspection are
determined by the level of risk presented by the lifting
equipment.
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Wire Rope Slings

Remove
From
Service
If these happen, remove the wire rope sling from service

Bird Caging

Kinking

Crushing
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