Benderi Darsril PhD

Kuan Boon, Ong

Assoc Professor

Course Outline
This course studies the biomechanical factors
involved in movement, with special focus on sports
techniques, musculo-skeletal stress and
understanding movement patterns.

Required Readings:
Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical

Basis of Human Movement. Williams and Wilkins.

end chapter multi questions (answers on WebCT)

Course Outline
LECTURES & Tutorials:
Approximately 14 individual lectures &

tutorials

LABORATORIES:
10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid
sem. exam)

ASSESSMENT:
Course Work 60%
Final Exam (40%)

Course Outcomes
Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.
Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D and 3

D movements.
Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.
Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.
Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.
Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the

kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to

running gait.
Be able to understand how the internal and external forces

associated with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.

Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical

perspective

Student Expectations
Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.
Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and

laboratories.
Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class.
The first option is to attend another lab time but please
A doctors certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the lab

is not made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).

Cricket HM&ES.avi
Scinece examine the internal and external forcwes acting
on the human and the effects produce by those forces

What is the scope of

biomechanics?
Biomechanics is a study of human movement using
mechanics and applied anatomy ....

Sport

Technique development
Injury reduction

Clinical

Rehabilitation
Disease identification and progression

Occupational

Ergonomics
Kinanthropometry (Growth)

Technique Development

Injury Reduction

Rehabilitati
on

Disease Identification &

Progression

Ergonomics

Kinanthropometry
(growth)

Learning path for skill?

Tactical
Technic

al
Physica

l
Mental

Deciding what technique to

teach?

1. Past experiences as a

coach or player

e.g. grip on

the
racquet

Deciding what technique to

teach?

2. Current world trends

e.g. two

handed
backhand

Deciding what technique to

teach?

3. Consider individual FLAIR

of athlete

Deciding what technique to

teach?
Must use the previous three + an understanding of the
mechanics of the movement

e.g. time on

strings (5 ms)

What is the structure of

biomechanics?

Biomechanics (kinesiology)

Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen

Describing position or movement

Cartesian Coordinate System (2D or
3D)
Y

Planes of motion
Sagittal

right & left

Coronal (Frontal)

front & back

Transverse

Top & Bottom

Planes of motion
Sagittal

Front Knee Angle

Coronal (Frontal)

Trunk Angle

Transverse

Shoulder
Alignment

History of Biomechanics
1. Ancient Period - 300 B.C
Aristotle (384 322 B.C)(his father is a physician)
- Father of Kinesiology
- First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement
of
female 53% and male 57% at the anatomical position
Archimedes (287 212 BC)
- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)
- principle of buoyancy
- moving a ship by himself - pulleys

Continue: History of Biomechanics

2. Early Christian Era (Middle Ages 200 A.D)

- negative emphasis - in physical development
Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)
-!st team of physician
- bring anatomy to room
- legal to open up human body
-1230 A.D. King Fredick II legally allow the
dissection of study of human body

Continue - History of
Biomechanics
3. Renaissance

Period(1400 -1500 A.D.

Leonardo da vinci 1st modern dissector of the human body
( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human
dissection)
4. Post Renaissance (16th-17th century)
Andreas Vesalius Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder
of Modern Anatomy.
- 1st scientific textbook in Anatomy.
Galileo (1564-1624) famous matematician- founder of telescope
and microscope
Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3
laws of motions
Giovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern Biomechanics
5. Modern Era:
Edward Muybridge Studied motion of animals especially the
horse.
Archimedes Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can
move the earth

Lecture Outcomes
Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical

and occupational settings and give an example of each.

How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques

should be changed and those that should be left alone?

What is the Cartesian measurement system?
In a tennis serve define a movement in the:
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Frontal plane

Revision for upcoming lectures

Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints
Planes of motion
Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)
Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8

& 9 (10&11)

Joint
Hip

Hip

Action
Flexion

Extension

Primary
Musculature
Hip Flexors
psoas major
iliacus
rectus femoris
Hip Extenders
gluteus maximus
adductor magnus
(inferior)
hamstrings

Joint
knee

Knee

Action
Flexion

Extension

Primary
Musculature
Knee Flexors
(hamstrings)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris (2
heads)
Hip Extenders
(quadriceps)
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis,
medialis & intermedialis

Joint
Ankle

Action
Dorsi-Flexion

Primary
Musculature
?

Ankle

Plantar-Flexion

Joint
Shoulder

Action
Abduction

Primary
Musculature
?

Shoulder

Adduction

Joint
Shoulder

Action
Internal
Rotation

Primary
Musculature
?

Shoulder

External
Rotation

Joint
Elbow

Action
Flexion

Primary
Musculature
?

Elbow

Extension

Journal review:
1. Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and coach?
2.
3.
4.

Author : Ross Sanders

Year : 1993
Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and
Recreation, Vol. 26(1)
5. Methods

6. Describe How, What; and Why questions

(each in one paragraph)
(1 page A4 size only)

Assignment:
Please complete questiion 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Submit during your laboratory session