Explanation Text

Muthia Putri Aulawiyah

Grade XII

The Digestive System

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat
is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva,
a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive
juices which moisten the food. So, it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices
secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food
enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The Digestive System

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we
eat is broken up intoSEQUENCE
small pieces
2 by the action of teeth, mixed with
GENERAL
saliva, a juice secreted
bySTATEMENT
glands in the mouth. Saliva contains
digestive juices which moisten the food. So, it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices
SEQUENCE
1
CLOSING
secreted by the cells
in the stomach
for several hours. Then the
food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of
the intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

Language Features

Focus on generic, non-human participants

The use of general and abstract nouns
The use of action verbs
The use of simple present tense
The use of passive voice
The use of conjunctions of time and cause
The use of complex sentences
The use of technical language
QUIZ

Focus on generic, non-human

participants
Text The Digestive System focuses
on its way of digestive.
The digestive system is a generic
participant.
The digestive system is a non-human
participant.

The use of general and abstract

nouns
Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed
A noun
that
is and
abstract
is an
aspect,
to build up
new cells
replace the worn
out cells.
However,
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
concept,
idea,
experience,
state
of
a
series
of
actions
or
steps
taken
in
process
carried indigesti
the blood
to
the
places
where
they
are
needed.
This
process
o
order to achieve a particular end.
is called
digestion.
being,
n trait, quality, feeling, or other
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat
entity
that
cannot
experienced
is broken
up into
small pieces
the be
action
of food
teeth,into
mixed
with saliva,
action
thebybreakdown
of
smaller
a juice secreted by glands in
the mount. that
Saliva
contains
digestive
components
can
be more
easily
with
the
five
senses.
juices which moisten the food.
So, it can
be assimilated
swallowed easily.
absorbed
and
by the
From the mouth, food passes through thebody.
esophagus (the food
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices
secreted by the cells in theThestateorprocessofactingordoin
stomach for several hours. Then the food
enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular
walls of the
g.
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The use of action verbs

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
happen; occur.
is called digestion.
takes
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat
is broken up into small pieces by place
the action of teeth, mixed
with saliva,
contain
a juice secreted by glands in the have
mount.
contains digestive
or Saliva
hold (someone
or
s
juices which moisten the food. So, itsomething)
can be swallowed
within.easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices
secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food
make
become
different.
enters the small intestine. All the
timeor
the
muscular
walls of the
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
change
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
s b ranch projections from the
absorbed by the villi (microscopic
intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

An action verb expresses

achievements or something a person
does in a concise, persuasive
manner.

The use of simple present tense

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed
to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
FORM
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
[VERB]
+ (s/es
inplaces
thirdwhere
person)
carried
in the blood
to the
they are needed. This process
is
called
USE digestion.
1 Repeated Actions
digestive process
process takes
place
in theinmouth.
The food we eat
The The
firstfirst
digestive
takes
place
the mouth.
is broken
USE up
2 into
Facts
Generalizations
smallor
pieces
by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva,
Saliva contains
a juice
secreted by glands in the mount. Saliva
The
Simple Present indicates the contains
speakerdigestive
believes
juices whichjuices
moistenwhich
the food.
So, it can
be food.
swallowed easily.
digestive
moisten
the
that
amouth,
fact
was
true
is
true
now,
andfood
will be
From
mouth,
foodbefore,
passesthe
through
the(the
From
the the
food passes
through
esophagus
trueinto
in the
the
future.
It is the
notfood
important
if the
passage)
stomach.
Here,
isthe
mixed
with
thespeaker
juices
esophagus
(the
food passage)
into
stomach.
secreted
by the cells
in the
stomach
several
Then
thefood
food
is correct
about
the
fact. for
It is
also hours.
used
to the
make
Then
enters
the
small
intestine.
All the people
time the muscular
walls of the
generalizations
about
or things.
enters
the
small
intestine.
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In
USE
Scheduled
Events
theacids.
Near
a few3
hours,
the
changes
intoin
acids.
These
areFuture
soon
In
a
few
hours,
thefood
food
changes
into
absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
intestine
USE 4
Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The use of passive voice

Food is

Human body is made up of countless

Human
bodyto
is build
made up
countless
of cells. the
Food is
needed
upofnew
cells millions
and replace
millions
of
cells.
needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
worn
out
cells.
thePassive
voice
ischanged
usedintowhen
the
focus
food
that
we take
must be
substance
that can
be

is on the action. It is not important or

not known, however, who or what is
performing the action.
Form of Passive

carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
is called digestion.
weeat
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth.The
The food
food we
eat
is broken
into
small
byofthe
action
is broken
up intoup
small
pieces
by pieces
the action
teeth,
mixedof
with saliva,
a juice secreted
by glands
in the
mouth.secreted
Saliva contains
digestive
teeth,
mixed with
saliva,
a juice
by glands
in
juices
which moisten the food. So, it can be swallowed easily.
the
mouth.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
Here, the food is mixed with the juices
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices
secreted
by cells
the
in the
stomach
Subject
+incells
finite
form
of tofor
beseveral
+Then
Past
secreted
by the
the stomach
for several
hours.
the food
enters
the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the
hours.
Participle
(3rd column of irregular verbs)
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
These are soon
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
absorbed
by the villi (microscopic b ranch
absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
projections
the intestine
walls) and passed
intestine walls)from
and passed
into the bloodstream.

into the bloodstream.

The use of conjunctions of time and

cause
Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat
is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva,
a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive
juices which moisten the food. So, it can So
be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices
secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours.Then
Then the food
enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In a few
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
hours
absorbed
by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

Conjunctions of time locate or

sequence events or ideas in time.
Conjunctions of cause highlight a
cause-effect relationship between
two ideas or give a reason why
something happens or is the case.

The use of complex sentences

A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or
more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a
subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when
(and many others) or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or
which. In the following complex sentences, subjects are in blue,
verbs are in green, and the subordinators and their commas
(when required) are in red.
1. Whenhehandedin his homework,heforgotto give the teacher
the last page.
2. Theteacherreturnedthe homeworkaftershenoticedthe error.
3. Thestudentsare studyingbecausetheyhavea test tomorrow.
4. Aftertheyfinished studying,JuanandMariawentto the movies
5. JuanandMariawentto the moviesaftertheyfinishedstudying.
There is no complex sentences in the text

The use of technical language

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is
needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However,
the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be
carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
is called digestion.
passage
The first digestive process takes the
placefood
in the
mouth. The food we eat
is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva,
a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive
juices which moisten the food. So, it can be swallowed easily.
esophag
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
us
microscopic
b ranch
projections
from
passage) into the stomach.
Here, the food
is mixed
with the juices
secreted by the cells in the stomach
several hours.
Then the food
theforintestine
walls
enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the
intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
absorbed by the villi
villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the
intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

Technical words are the subjectspecific words from a students

curriculum learning and are
associated with particular academic
subjects.

Questions
1. Where does the first digestive process take place?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

In
In
In
In
In

the
the
the
the
the

mouth
stomach
esophagus
muscular wall
small intestine

2. The food can be swallowed easily because

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

It
It
It
It
It

has been digested

is carried by the blood
is moistened by saliva
will pass the esophagus
is already in the stomach

3. What is the purpose of the text?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

To
To
To
To
To

describe human body

show the function of blood
tell the work of intestine
explain the process of digestive system
inform the readers the necessity of food

4. All the time the muscular walls of intestine are squeezing (par 3)
The underlined word means
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

To
To
To
To
To

hug
push up
obtain slowly
produce
press firmly

Source
http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-ofspeech/nouns/Abstract-Nouns.html
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/543/
01/
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepre
sent.html
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cramup/grammar/passive
http://writesite.elearn.usyd.edu.au/m3/m3u5/m3
u5s6/m3u5s6_3.htm
http://eslbee.com/sentences.htm