FINAL YEAR PROJECT

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

WIRELESS ELECTRIC SMART METER

INTRODUCTION

Electrical energy must be monitored and controlled for effective usage. In these days,
meter readings are being taken manually by meter readers. This activity consumes much
time and makes space for human error. Energy consumed by appliances or users in
different locations should be monitored wirelessly in real-time. In this project, power
monitoring and controlling is done using Arduino board. Current measurement is done
using Hall Effect based current sensor. Voltage is measured using voltage divider and an
Operational amplifier. Other electrical parameter such as real power, apparent power and
power factor are also calculated. These parameters are sent to a WebBased Interface
through Wi-Fi. Supply to load can also be switched off from the Web Interface. In this
way, power can be monitored and controlled from one PC. This system can be used in
industries for wireless monitoring. It can also be integrated in current electrical meters for
wireless transmission of usage data.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Pakistan is swamped with energy crises and it has not been able to meet the energy
requirement of the general public for many years. The current shortage of electricity in
Pakistan is more than 5300 MW, and the major reasons for that are;

High growth in demand side

Slow or no development work in supply side

High variability in the usage of energy

Electricity theft, reportedly more than 80 billion per annum

Pakistan needs to actively engage in looking for means to encourage a more rational use
of energy, An infrastructure to provide detailed information electricity usage to both
consumers and suppliers, in demand side, consumers can adjust the usage behavior to
meet the pre-set target and also more reliable and secure as the it can better predict the
demand and set the prices accordingly.

OBJECTIVES
To implement a system which can calculate current, voltage, power factor, power
consumption and transmit this data through Wi-Fi to a station/PC for real-time monitoring and
controlling from a web-based interface.

Circuit for acquiring AC signals

Circuit to convert AC signals to a level appropriate for microcontroller

Display of actual AC voltage and current on LCD

Zero crossing detection circuit

An algorithm for finding power factor

Circuit to filter out harmonics

Display of power factor and power on LCD

Wireless data transmission to PC

To program a GUI to display all electrical parameters on PC including current and expected bill

METHODOLOGY

The current Sensor (ACS712-30A) senses the current level and transmits appropriate
level to the microcontroller (Arduino mega 2560).

The voltage Sensor (step-down transformer) transmits the lower stepped down voltages
to the microcontroller.

The microcontroller then acquires these voltage and current levels and then calculates
the corresponding Power Factor and other desired outcomes i.e. monthly electricity bills
etc.

These data are displayed on the LCD panel on the power box and also transmitted over
the Wi-Fi through the Wi-Fi module to the base Station for further analysis and Controlling

Data is graphically displayed on the system (server) using Web based Interface.

TIMELINE
Technologies
Benefits and
Lessons
learned

Deployment
of Assets
and costs

Guidance

Planning

Testing and
performance

WORKLOAD DISTRIBUTION

Faisal Shah
Programming and Hardware Interfacing

Farrukh Nadeem
Designing of Hardware and Circuit layouts

Mohammad Faraz Khan

Circuit Designing and Electronic Circuit Development

Abdul Rahman
Hardware labor, deployment of components, and managing the flow of the materials

MILESTONES REACHED
Acquiring the AC voltages and Current levels.
Successful calculation and measurement of those
levels by a Microcontroller.
Successful display of that data on the LCD panel.
Successful transmission of the data over the Wi-Fi
terminals.
Successful Data representation on the Web-based
interface.

MILESTONE MISSED

Zero-Crossing Circuitry
Load Management
Electric Bill Calculation
Designing Fully Developed GUI

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FLOW CHART OF PROGRAM

INTERFACING TO REAL WORLD

The Wireless Electric Smart meter interacts with the real world via web based interface
designed on the base System.
It is this Interface from which we are able to perform variable controlling tasks, such as Load
management, Monitoring of the Power Factor Electric Breakouts and Power theft
Authority managing this System through the web-based Interface is giving access to not only
monitor or record the consumption of the electric data but the system may also be modified to
calculate the billing amount of the consumer and also predict the future estimated amount. It
is this advance feature of the newly deployed Smart Power meters that makes it so unique
and worth installing. It lets the consumer be aware of his electric usage and manage his
electricity accordingly. The LCD panel installed at the consumer side can provide the
consumer of his daily, over the month and annual electricity statistics.