Science Holiday

Homework
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Made By Ashit
Yadav
Class IX A

ACIDS
Sour in taste
Produce H+ (hydrogen ions)
Turns blue litmus red
Acids + metals
salt + hydrogen
gas
Conduct electricity
are corrosive (acid rain)
Acid + base
salt + water
(neutralization)
pH less than 7

Common Acids
HCl - hydrochloric- stomach acid
H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
HNO3 - nitric acid - explosives
HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
H2CO3-carbonic acid - sodas
H3PO4- phosphoric acid flavorings

ACIDS
Examples of acids:
Vinegar
Lemon Juice
Soft Drink
Battery Acid
Stomach Acid
Apple Juice
Black Tea

Weak v/s Strong Bases

Weak Bases: ammonia;

potassium carbonate,
sodium carbonate
Strong Bases: sodium
hydroxide; sodium
phosphate; barium

BASES
Bitter to taste
Soapy to touch
Water soluble bases are
called alkalies .
All alkalies are bases but all
bases are not alkalies
Turns red litmus blue,
phenolphthalein pink and
methyl orange yellow

Common bases
NaOH- sodium hydroxide
(LYE) soaps, drain cleaner
Mg (OH)2 - magnesium
hydroxide-antacids
Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxideantacids, deodorants
NH4OH-ammonium
hydroxide- ammonia

BASES
Examples of bases:
Detergent
Baking Soda
Drain Cleaner
Ammonia
Soaps (hand, dish)
Antacid

Weak vs. Strong

Bases
Weak Bases: ammonia;
potassium carbonate,
sodium carbonate
Strong Bases: sodium
hydroxide; sodium
phosphate; barium
hydroxide; calcium

NEUTRAL
These are items that are
neither acids or bases.

Neutral items will turn

blue and red litmus paper
green.

The main example of a

neutral
item
is:
Pure

DETERMINING ACIDS &

BASES

Red litmus
paper
Blue litmus
paper
pH scale
Red Cabbage
Juice

Red And Blue Litmus

Paper
Robert Boyle discovered litmus
paper
Certain plant extracts, such as
litmus, can be used to
distinguish acids from bases.
Blue and red litmus paper turn
red when dipped in an acid
Red and blue litmus paper turn
blue when exposed to a base

pH o The negative logarithm of the

hydronium ion concentration
of an aqueous solution; used
to express acidity.
o pH is the measure of the
acidity or basicity of a
solution.
o The pH scale ranges from 1
to 14
o 1 through 6 being acidic
o 7 is considered neutral
o 8 through 14 being basic

RED CABBAGE JUICE

Red cabbage can be used as
an acid/base indicator
After boiling the red
cabbage, pour a small
amount of the juice into a
small sample of a substance
your checking
The juice will turn blue if the

What is a SALT?

A salt is a neutral substance

produced from the reaction of an
acid and a base.
Composed of the negative ion of
an acid and the positive ion of a
base.
One of the products of a
Neutralization Reaction
Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4

Neutralization Reaction
A neutralization reaction
is the reaction of an acid
with a base to produce
salt and water.
Example
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 +
H2O

Digestion and pH
Digestion-process by which
foods are broken down into
simpler substances.
Mechanical digestion-physical
process in which food is torn
apart (mouth)
Chemical digestion- chemical
reactions in which large
molecules are broken down into
smaller molecules. (stomach and
small intestines)

pH in the Digestive System

Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains
amylase, an enzyme which begins to
break carbohydrates into sugars.
Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are
broken down into amino acids by the
enzyme pepsin.
Small intestine-pH around 8. Most
digestion ends. Small molecules
move to bloodstream toward cells that
use them

SUMMARY
ACID - A class of compounds whose water
solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and
react with bases to form salts.
BASE - A class of compounds that taste bitter,
feel slippery in water solution, turn red litmus to
blue, and react with acids to form salts.
NEUTRAL - These are items that are neither
acids or bases.
There are 4 main ways to determine if a
substance is and acid or a base. They are: Red
litmus paper, Blue litmus paper, pH, and Red
Cabbage Juice.