Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Disorder
Intellectual Disability
Disorder
History )
(Mental Retardation
Plato wrote more than 2000 years ago in The Republic that no
two persons are born exactly alike; but each differ from the other by
their intellectual abilities.
Alfred Binet (1857-1911)- Started measuring these intellectual
abilities. He came with the idea about the mental age and he
understood the comparison of mental age and chronological age in
assessing the intelligence.
Terman-Retain the Binet concept of mental age and adopted
convenient index of intelligence suggested by the German
psychologist William Stern. This index is the intelligence quotient
,commonly know as the IQ. It expresses intelligence as a ratio of
mental age to chronological age.
mental age
IQ chronological ageX
100
Downs syndrome
Klinefelters syndrome
Turners syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Genetic abnormalities
Phenylketonuria
Galactosaemia
Tay-sachs disease
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Neurofibromatosis (autosomal dominance inheritance)
Tuberose sclerosis(Epiloia)-( autosomal dominant)
Cranial malformations
Hydrocephalus
Microcephalus
Antenatal damage
Infections (rubella,cytomegalo
virus,syphilis,toxoplasmosis)
Intoxications (alcohol, Lead, certain drugs)
Physical damage (birth injury,radiation,hypoxia)
Placental dysfunction
Endocrine disorders
(hypothyroidism,hypoparathyroidism)
Perinatal Injury
Birth asphyxia
Prematurity
Kernicterus
Post-natal damage
Malnutrition
Subcultural mental retardation
IQ
7
0
AB
Treatments
It has been clearly shown that early start of training
programs are helpful. Therefore parents can start self
care and living skill programs at home. Then send the
child to pre- school early and continue educational
programs.
Later the child may enter school. Some need special
class in normal school. Those who find difficult to follow
may enter school for mentally retarded.
Once they complete the education they may follow
vocational training Centre.
Types of behavior therapy( instructions, coaching,
prompting, modeling, shaping, rewarding, role-play,
seclusion)
Prevention of mental
retardation(intellectual disability
disorder)
Genetic counselling
Prenatal care
Advice on diet alcohol and smoking
Question
Why Psychiatric disorders are common in
intellectual disability disordered people(mental
retardation)?