A PRESENTATION ON

HEALTH
MD. SAEED ANWAR
SOCIOLOGY DISCIPLINE
KHULNA UNIVERSITY

Introduction
AS SOCIAL PROBLEMS HEALTH AND POVERTY IS A DEEPLY EMBEDDED
WOUND THAT PERMEATES EVERY DIMENSION OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY.
IT INCLUDES SUSTAINED LOW LEVELS OF INCOME FOR MEMBERS OF A
COMMUNITY.

Health
Health is the level of functional and (or) metabolic

efficiency of a living being.

In human, it is the general condition of a person in
mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free
from illness, injury or pain.

Poverty

It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire

the basic goods and services necessary for survival

with dignity.
It means lack of basic capacity to participate
effectively in society.
Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and
education, poor access to clean water and
sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of
voice, and so on.

Factors of Poverty
The factors of poverty (as a social problem) that are
listed here, ignorance, disease, apathy, dishonesty
and dependency, are to be seen simply as conditions.

Factors of poverty

Types of Poverty
The absolute approach: poverty is having less

than an objectively defined absolute minimum. It is

a set standard which is consistent over time and
between countries.
The relative approach: poverty is having less
than others in society. Here, relative poverty is a
measure of income inequality.
The subjective approach: poverty is feeling you
do not have enough to get along.

The relationship between health and poverty

Poverty and Health each influence each other

directly and indirectly. There are so many
relationships between poverty and health.

poverty

Low income
since cannot
work

No schooling

Poor food /
living
conditions

Poor health

poverty

Can not go
school
poverty
Nondesirable job

Not taught health

related Practices

Poor health

Health status differentials

Health is a basic requirement to improve the quality of

Life, where as social and economic inequality is

detrimental to the differentials health status of any society.
The effects of growing socio-economic inequality in the
population of our country and its effect on the healthcare
system.

Urban and Rural differentials

Bangladesh has the smallest difference in urban and
rural under-five mortality rates (U5MR) among selected
Asian countries, as shown in table 1.

Per 1000
live births

Ranked by
differences
Total
U5MR

Urban
U5MR

Rural
U5MR

Rural% higher

Bangladesh (2007)

74

63

77

22%

Bangladesh (2009)

64

53

66

25%

Pakistan (2007)

93

78

100

28%

Cambodia(2005)

106

76

111

46%

India (2007)

74

52

82

58%

Indonesia (2007)

51

38

60

58%

Philippines (2208)

37

28

46

64%

Difference in the composite deprivation index

of urban and rural areas
The same relation ship between urban and rural
area is found for Bangladesh when a composite
deprivation index (CDI) is used table 2.
Total CDI Urban
CDI
Bangladesh

55

45

Rural
CDI
58

Rural% higher
29%

HIV/AIDS: as a Threat to Humanity

AIDS is becoming a greater threat in rural areas than in

cities of the developing world, contrary to conventional

wisdom.
Growing links between rural and urban areas through
trade, migration and improved transportation networks
have made HIV prevalence rates rise faster in rural areas.

AIDS mostly as a Rural Issue

More than two thirds of the population of the 25 mostaffected African countries lives in rural areas.
Information and health services are less available in rural
areas than in cities. Rural people are therefore less likely to
know how to protect themselves from HIV and, if they fall
ill, less likely to get care.
Costs of HIV/AIDS are largely borne by rural communities
as HIV-infected urban dwellers of rural origin often return to
their communities when they fall ill.
HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects economic sectors such
as agriculture, transportation and mining that have large
numbers of mobile or migratory workers.

AIDS threatens food security

The loss of productive members of society is severely affecting

household capacity to produce and buy food.

Fostering AIDS orphans or hosting and caring for sick relatives
reduces the amount of food available for each household
member.
Evidence from Namibia shows widespread sale and slaughter
of livestock to support the sick and provide food for mourners
at funerals.

AIDS affects women disproportionately

Women whose husbands are migrant workers are
especially vulnerable to AIDS, as their spouses may have
other sexual partners.
Some of the traditional mechanisms to ensure widows'
access to land contribute to the spread of AIDS -- for
example, levirate, the custom that obliges a man to marry
his brother's widow.
Biological and social factors make women more
vulnerable to AIDS, especially in adolescence and youth.
In several countries, studies have found that rural women
whose husbands had died of AIDS were forced to engage
in commercial sex to survive because they had no legal
rights to their husband's property.

Concluding Remark
The health status of the people of our country is much more

influenced by the actual level of poverty.

HIV/AIDS has also had a terrible effect on the humanity.
Justifying such overwhelming social problems, Govt. as well as
the mass people much has to be conscious to eradicate these
problems.

THANKS TO ALL