MCB3063: Computer Aided Engineering

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
DYNAMICS (CFD)
GROUP PROJECT
GROUP 4
Group Members:
1. Yeap Xin Wei
18056
2. Yee Jian Chang
17944
3. Tee Degen
18197
4. Sharon Cheng Wyei Yee 17897

Lecturer:
Dr. Mohammad Shakir Nasif

ANSWERING THE QUESTION

PRE PROCESSOR

Sketching, Extruding.
Generating mesh.

SKETCHING

1) Draw the lines

according to the shape

of duct.

2) Fix the lines to just

horizontal and vertical
lines.

EXTRUDING
Click modeling tab,
extrude the whole body
by insert the duct width
X=0.15m.

Click generate.

PRE PROCESSOR - SOLID TO FLUID

Expand the 1 part,
1 body section,
click on solid.
Change the details
of solid from solid to
fluid.
Click generate.

PRE PROCESSOR - EDGE SIZING

Before meshing, we
need to define edge
sizing.
Right click on mesh
and select sizing,
select the 6 edges
while holding the
control button.
Change the type
from element size to
number of divisions.
Input the number of
division as 6.

MESHING COARSE MESH

Next, we proceed to
do meshing.
Click mesh, select
relevance center as
coarse in the sizing
options for coarse
mesh.
Click Generate
mesh.

NAME SELECTION
Next, we proceed to
naming the
selection.
Click face, and
choose the face,
right click select
create named
selection.
Name the face as
inlet, outlet and
heat source.

MESHING- FINE MESHING

To do fine meshing,
we repeat the step
in the previous
slide, but now the
relevance center is
set as fine instead
of coarse.
Click generate
mesh.

MESHING- FINE MESHING

Fine meshing is
being analyzed only
after the post
processing is done
for coarse meshing.

SOLVER
In this step, the setup panel in the project block is selected to define
boundary conditions for the model and determine the relevant
calculations needed for our analysis.

SOLVER MESH CHECK

The first and one of
the most important
step is to check the
mesh.
This can be done by
clicking general >
check.
Notice the text panel
at the bottom of the
interface for any
errors.
If there are no errors,
the software will state
done.

SOLVER MESH QUALITY

Next, the mesh quality
is checked.
This can be done by
clicking general >
report quality.
At the bottom text
panel, the minimum
orthogonal quality and
the maximum aspect
ratio of the model is
shown.
For this model, the
minimum orthogonal
quality is 8.17824e-01
The maximum aspect
ratio is 1.02983e01.

SOLVER MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Thirdly, the
material
properties is
defined.
This can be done
by clicking
materials > air >
edit
The density of air
and the kinematic
viscosity of air is
changed to that of
25c.

SOLVER INLET VELOCITY BOUNDARY

CONDITION
The inlet velocity is
defined.
This can be done by
clicking Boundary
conditions > inlet >
type > velocity-inlet
> edit >
momentum
The velocity
magnitude is
changed to 0.1M/S.

SOLVER INLET TEMPERATURE BOUNDARY

CONDITION
The inlet
temperature is
defined.
This can be done by
clicking Boundary
conditions > inlet >
type > velocity-inlet
> edit > thermal
The temperature is
changed to 298k
due to the
assumption of air at
25c.

SOLVER OUTLET MOMENTUM BOUNDARY

CONDITION
The outlet
momentum is
defined.
This can be done by
clicking Boundary
conditions > outlet >
type > pressure outlet > edit >
momentum
The gauge pressure
is set at 0 Pa, which
means that the
model is in
atmospheric
pressure.

SOLVER OUTLET THERMAL BOUNDARY

CONDITION
The outlet temperature
is defined.
This can be done by
clicking Boundary
conditions > outlet >
type > pressure outlet > edit >
thermal
The temperature is set
at 300K, because of
the assumption that it
will have a slightly
higher temperature
compared to the inlet
due to the heat source.

SOLVER HEAT SOURCE THERMAL

BOUNDARY CONDITION
The heat source wall
temperature is
defined.
This can be done by
clicking Boundary
conditions > heat
source > type >
wall > edit >
thermal >
temperature
The temperature is
set at constant 400K
and 0 heat
generation rate.

SOLVER SOLUTION METHODS

The solution method is
defined.
This can be done by
clicking solution
methods > scheme >
simple.
The gradient is set to
least squares cell
based.
The momentum and
energy is set to second
order upwind.
This is because second
order will produce more
accurate results
compared to standard
spatial discretization.

WHAT IS INITIALIZATION ???

Initialization storing a particular value in all the cells before starting the
solution. In FLUENT the value is stored in the cell centroid. The solution can
start from zero however can take long time to converge so to reduce it we
ask the solver to start from certain value and that is initialization.
Hybrid initialization solves Laplace's equation to determine the velocity and
pressure fields. All other variables, such as temperature, turbulence, species
fractions, volume fractions, and etc, will be automatically patched based on
domain averaged values or a particular interpolation recipe.

COARSE MESH

FINE MESH

ITERATIONS
Generate a sequence of approximate solutions to the system that converges
to the exact solution. Afterrunning a number ofiterations, we obtain an
approximation to the exact solution.

COARSE MESH
Number of iterations =
200
After 71 iterations the
solution is converged
Time taken for the
iterations is 5.83
seconds

FINE MESH
Number of iterations =
200
After 91 iterations the
solution is converged
Time taken for the
iterations is 11.83
seconds

CONVERGENCE
A converged solution means that the solver has done its job and produced
the best solution it can for the given problem.
There are other factors that are involved, most notably the influence of
discretization (grid system) and problem definition (user setup). A poor
quality or overly coarse grid system as well as user errors in setup could
cause the solver to produce inaccurate results.
All discrete conservation equations (momentum, energy, etc.) are obeyed in
all cells to a specified tolerance OR the solution no longer changes with
subsequent iterations.

COARSE MESH

COARSE MESH

FINE MESH

FINE MESH

% DIFFERENCE IN THE LAST 2 ITERATION

COARSE MESH
CONTINUITY

Z VELOCITY

X VELOCITY

ENERGY

7.6883E-07 6.9888E-07

Y VELOCITY

% DIFFERENCE IN THE LAST 2 ITERATION

FINE MESH
CONTINUITY

Z VELOCITY

X VELOCITY

ENERGY

6.08%

Y VELOCITY
4.33%