Chapter 6 Homework:

The French Revolution

ancien regime: old order in France with people

separated into three estates (classes); led to anger and
discontent

Louis XVI: Weak

king of France whose
inability to solve
financial crisis led to
French Revolution

Jacques Necker: Louis

XVIs financial advisor
who urged Louis to
make drastic financial
changes; was
dismissed when he
suggested taxing the
first and second
estates.

Estates-General: body made

up of representatives of the
three estates in prerevolution France. Each
estate had one vote, and the
3rd estates refusal to vote led
to the Tennis Court Oath.

Tennis Court Oath: when members of each estate

swore to never separate until a constitution was
established in France; was first documented rebellion
towards King.

Bastille: fortress/prison
where citizens united and
overran guards in reaction
to troops threatening
National Assembly. Event
marks the beginning of
the French Revolution.

2. Who was in each of the three estates of the ancien regime and
what privileges/hardships were associated with that estate?
First Estate: Clergy, paid no taxes, owned 10% of land, collected
tithes
Second Estate: nobility, held top positions in government, army,
courts, etc.

Third Estate: Everyone else who wasnt in the First of

Second Estate. The wealthy despised the nobles for
their titles, the poor struggled to survive. The Third
Estate paid the majority of Frances taxes

3. According to the
Infographic on page 212,
why did Sieyes say the
Third Estate was
nothing?
Third Estate had no
political power

4. What economic troubles did France face in 1789, and

how did they lead to further unrest?
Debtfor years government spent more money than it earned.
King was afraid nobles would use economic crises to reclaim their
lost power; crop shortages led to unemployment and famine

5. What issues arose when Louis XVI called the EstatesGeneral in1789?
Estates could not agree on a system of voting (1st and
2nd Estate always outvoted 3rd Estate 2-1), there were
obvious class resentments

Faction: dissenting
groups of people (people
with differing political
opinions); the Jacobins
and Girondists were
factions

Olympe de Gouges:
journalist, demanded equal
rights be spread to women;
wrote Declaration of the
Rights of Woman

Marie Antoinette: Louis

XVIs wife, who became
a symbol of the
monarchs extravagant
lifestyle.

emigrs: nobles, clergy, and others who fled France

during the revolution; their flight was proof to many
third estate members that the 1st and 2nd Estate did not
want the Revolution

sans-culottes: without
breeches, the radical,
poor working class,
demanded a republic

republic: government ruled by elected representation; this was

the most favored new style of government by French radicals

Jacobins: political club

made up of mostly middle
class intellectuals who
wanted radical (extreme)
change; supported the
sans-culottes.

7. How was the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizen similar to the American Declaration of Independence?
Both had the ideas of John Locke: natural rights, government
exists to protect rights

8. What did the Constitution of 1791 do, and how did it

reflect Enlightenment ideas?
equality before the law
ended church interference with government
limited monarchy
elected officials

9. Why did European rulers

and nobles denounce the
French Revolution?
They were afraid of
revolution in their own
country

10. Why did radicals continue to

push for further change (What was
their goal)?
They wanted a republic.

Robespierre: Jacobin leader and head of the

Committee of Public Safety, used terror to achieve his
political goals; Led the Reign of Terror

Reign of Terror: Radical

phase of the revolution led
by Robespierre; citizens
were arrested for not
supporting the revolution,
many were executed; led
to Directory and Napoleon

Napoleon: Brilliant military leader who took control of

France during the Directory, ending the French
Revolution

Nationalism: a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to

ones country that French Citizens felt after military
victories outside of France and changes to the
government within France.

12. What happened to the

monarchy after radicals took
control of the Assembly?
Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette were executed

13. Summarize the goals and actions of the Jacobins.

Wanted a republic, erase traces of ancien regime,
seized nobles lands, and abolished titles of nobility

14. Why was the Committee of

Public Safety created?
Control threats made to
France (led by Robespierre)
How did the Committee of
Public Safety enforce its will?
Terror, arrests, executions

15. Why did Robespierre think

the Terror was necessary to
achieve the goals of the
revolution?
Liberty cannot be secured
unless criminals lose their
heads.

16. What was the government structure under the

Directory? Was it more moderate or radical than the
Committee of Public Safety?
Directory was five men, and a two-house legislature.
The Directory drastically slowed executions and ended
some of Frances European conflicts.

17. What was the social impact of

the revolution?
The rise of nationalism in
France,
La Marseillaise new national
anthem

annexed: to add a territory

to an existing state or
country; Napoleon annexed
much of Northern Europe
into his empire; this created
future enemies

Continental System: French blockade designed to hurt

Britain economically by closing European ports to British
goods; unsuccessful and created resentment by rest of
Europe towards Napoleon.

guerrilla warfare: fighting carried on through hit-and-run

raids; used by Spanish who opposed Napoleons power.

abdicate: When a leader gives up or steps down from power;

Napoleon abdicated, only to return once again.

Congress of Vienna: assembly of European leaders

after end of Napoleonic era to restructure Europe; many
rights gained were lost; led to ultimate goal of
maintaining peace and balance of power

19. Why was Napoleon viewed

as a great choice to rule
France?
He was a viewed as a great
military leader
They thought he would bring
stability

20. List at least three ways Napoleon reformed France after

he became emperor.
Controlled prices
Encouraged new industry
Built roads and canals
Set up public schools
Religious freedom to Catholics
Jobs open to everyone bases on skill

21. Why was Napoleon unsuccessful in his attempt to

conquer Russia?
Russias scorched-earth policy
Cold winter
Russia is too vast

22. What events led to

Napoleons downfall?
Defeat in Russia
Battle of Nations
Battle of Waterloo

23. How did the Congress of Vienna try to restore the

balance of power in Europe?
Surrounded France with strong countries
Legitimacy: restoring hereditary monarchies to the throne
Concert of Europe: leaders met periodically to discuss the
peace