Voice over IP

Habib Ullah
12-MS-CSc-12

Contents

Abstract
What is VoIP
How VoIP works
VoIP Architecture
Components
Pros & Cons
Summary

Abstract

Voice over Internet Protocol

(VoIP) is a technology that
enables one to make and
receive phone calls through
the Internet instead of using
the traditional analogy
PSTN (Public Switched
Telephone Network) lines.

What is VoIP?

VoIP is packetisation and transport of

classic public switched telephone system
audio over an IP network.

It allows 2-way voice transmission over

broadband connection.

It is also called IP telephony, internet telephony,

voice over broadband, broadband telephony.

PSTN vs. INTERNET

PSTN
Voice network use
circuit switching.
Dedicated path
between calling and
called party.
Bandwidth reserved in
advance.
Cost is based on
distance and time.

INTERNET
Data network use
packet switching.
No dedicated path
between sender and
receiver.
It acquires and
releases bandwidth, as
it needed.
Cost is not based on
distance and time.

Yesterdays Networks
Circuit Switched Networks (Voice)
CO
PBX

PBX

CO

CO

Packet Switched Networks (Data)

Router
Router
Router
Router
Router

Separated networks
Separated applications/services

Converged Network
PSTN
PBX
PBX

CO

Gateway
Router
Router
Router
Router

IP Phone
IP Phone

Converged network
Separated or integrated applications

VoIP How does it work?

Converting the voice signal

ADC (analog to digital)

DAC (digital to analog)

Voice (source) - - ADC - - - Internet - - - DAC - - Voice (dest)

Transmission of voice traffic in packets

VoIP How does it work?

The 1-2-3s of VoIP

1. Compression voice is compressed

typically with one of the following codecs, G7.11
64k, G7.29AB 8k, G723.1 6.3k
2.
Encapsulation the digitized voice is
wrapped in an IP packet
3.
Routing the voice packet is routed thru
the network to its final destination

VoIP Architecture?
Initially, PC to PC
voice calls over the
Internet

Public Switched
Telephone Network

Gateways allow PCs

to also reach phones

PSTN
(NY)
Gateway

Multimedia
PC
Gateway

IP Network
Multimedia
PC

PSTN
(DC)

or phones to reach
phones

LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.

Slide 10

Components

VoIP Protocols
VoIP Gateway
VoIP Codecs

VoIP Network Model

SIP
RTP, RTCP, RTSP
Transport Layer (UDP, TCP)
Network Layer (IP, IP Multicast)
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer

IP Protocol Layering
Applications(e.g.,email,webpages)
TCP

UDP

IP(InternetProtocol)
PhysicalTransport(e.g,CableModem)
ATypicalIPDatagram
IPHeader
(20bytes)

PURC

TCPHeader
(20bytes)

EmailData(1000bytes)

VoIP SIP

VoIP Gateway

AVoIP gatewayis agatewaydevice that

usesInternet Protocolsto transmit and receive
voice communications (VoIP).

VoIP Codecs

Codecs are used to convert an analog voice

signal to digitally encoded version. Codecs
vary in the sound quality, the bandwidth
required, the computational requirements,
etc.

Do Companies Want VoIP?

76% Will!

Network World asked 500 readers to assess

whether they would consider using voice over IP:

Key Business Drivers for LAN-Based Telephony and VoIP

26%

Improve Network Management

38%

Support Multimedia

59%

Better Utilization of Bandwidth

81%

Save Money
0

50

100

Security Risks

As VoIP uses the Internet, for example, it is

vulnerable to the same type as security risks

Hacking
Denial of service
Eavesdropping

Summary

Questions?