ANJURAN

JPN SELANGOR
TEMPAT
HOTEL ROSA PASSADENA, CAMERON HIGHLANDS

KUMPULAN 3
KASMAIDI BIN AB.KADER (SMK

KG.SOEHARTO)
HANITA SAMADI (SMK SEKSYEN 24 SHAH
ALAM)
ROZEE BT HJ.RUSLANI (SMK BDR TUN
HUSSEIN ONN 2)
NOR AZLINA ZAINAL ABIDIN (SMK TAMAN
SEA)
NORPISHAH BT MD.REJAB (SMK DENGKIL)

OBJEKTIF PEMBELAJARAN
1. Menyatakan latar belakang tamadun Yunani,

Rom, India dan China.

2. Mengenal pasti aspek-aspek yang membawa
kepada peningkatan tamadun.
3. Menghuraikan sumbangan tamadun Yunani,
Rom, India dan China.
4. Merasionalkan kepentingan agama dan
ajaran utama dunia dalam perkembangan
tamadun manusia.

YUNANI
ROM
CHINA
INDIA

KEDUDUKAN TAMADUN
DALAM PETA DUNIA

ASPEK PENINGKATAN
TAMADUN:
PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRAN
PERUNDANGAN
PERLUASAN KUASA
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI
PENINGKATAN SOSIAL

PENDIDIKAN
FALSAFAH
SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
SENI BINA
BAHASA & SASTERA
SISTEM SOSIAL

T
U
K
E
S
A
H
DAPAT
FULUS
TAPI
BUAT
SAMPAH
SARAP

MONARKI
OLIGARKI
ARISTOKRASI
TIRANI/DIKTATOR
DEMOKRASI

PERBEZAAN DEMOKRASI

UNDANG-UNDANG DIGUBAL
OLEH DEWAN PERHIMPUNAN
NEGARA HARUS DIPERINTAH
OLEH AHLI FALSAFAH
KERANA HANYA MEREKA
FAHAMI UNDANG-UNDANG
(PLATO)

PENYATUAN MACEDONIA DENGAN

YUNANI OLEH PHILIP II

Telah menyebarkan kebudayaan Hellenistik ke

negara-negara
Jajahan takluknya.

Hellenistic civilization thus represents

a fusion of the Ancient Greek world
with that of Asia, and a departure
from the traditional Greek attitude to
"barbarian" cultures. The extent to
which a genuinely hybrid Greco-Asian
cultures emerged is contentious;
consensus tends to point towards
pragmatic cultural adaptation by the
elites of society; for the mass of the
population, life would probably have
continued much as before[1].

During the Hellenistic period the

importance of Greece proper within the
Greek-speaking world declined sharply.
The great centers of Hellenistic culture
were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of
Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria
respectively. Cities such as Pergamon,
Ephesus, Rhodes and Seleucia were also
important, and increasing urbanization of
the Eastern Mediterranean was
characteristic of the time.

Hellenistic culture. The name derives from the fact that Greek
culture spread throughout the area in the last 3 centuries before
the common era.
In the Hellenistic period, It was in the cities that the descendants
of the Greco-Macedonian conquerors became a professional class
of rulers and soldiers and merchants, which provided a cultural and
economic bond throughout the area, even though political unity
did not survive the death of Alexander.
As the administrators and the merchants of their world, in spite of
being in the minority, they had an influence out of proportion to
their numbers.
The city of Alexandria, founded by Alexander, located on the
Mediterranean at the mouth of the Nile, became the most
prominent center of commerce and learning. The library in
Alexandria became the depository for recording many of the
literary and scientific achievements of the time.
Although women continued to have a subordinate status, some
lucky few of the wealthy and ruling classes, would have the
opportunity to become involved in commerce or in intellectual
activities. For the most part, however, women had no part in public
life.
Slavery, which had been a commonly accepted practice

Serba sedikit tentang riwayat hidup dan

perjuangan Alexander The Great meluaskan
empayar

The Iliad (Greek: [ilis] (Ancient), [ili'aa] (Modern))

is, together with the Odyssey, one of two ancient Greek epic
poems traditionally attributed to Homer. However, the claim of a
single author is disputed, as the poems show evidence of a long
oral tradition and hence, possible multiple authors.
Many scholars believe the poem to be the oldest extant work of
literature in the ancient Greek language.
The poem concerns events during the tenth and final year of the
Trojan War, the siege of the city of Ilion or Troy, by the Greeks. The
plot centers on the Greek warrior Achilles and his anger toward the
king of Mycenae, Agamemnon, which proves disastrous for the
Greeks.[2] It provides many of the events that the later poems of
the Epic Cycle build on, including the death of the Trojan captain
Hector.
Written in dactylic hexameter, the Iliad comprises 15,693 lines of
verse. Later ancient Greeks divided it into twenty-four books or
scrolls, a convention that has lasted to the present day with little
change.
The word Iliad means "pertaining to Ilios" (in Latin, Ilium), the city
proper, as opposed to Troy (in Greek, , Troa; in Latin, Troia,
Troiae, f., in Turkish Truva), the state centered around Ilium.

Boys were taught at home by their mothers until they were

6 or 7 years old. In Athens the education was left up to the
father. Students were taught by private schoolmasters. The
boys from wealthy families were taken to school by a
trusted slave. The students learned to write on wax-covered
tablets with a stylus. Books were very expensive, so they
were rare. The students in Athens learned to add, subtract,
multiply, and divide. They also learned about fractions.
Students learned the words of Homer and how to play the
lyre. Boys were trained in sports. Wealthy children learned
to ride horseback. Other sports included wrestling, using a
bow and a sling, and swimming. At age 14 boys attended a
higher school for four more years. At age 18 boys went to
military school. They graduated at age 20.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Spartan Schools
When babies were born in Sparta, Spartan soldiers would come by the
house to examine them. If the baby did not look healthy, it was taken
away and left to die or trained as a slave. If the baby was healthy, it was
assigned membership in a brotherhood or sisterhood.
The boys in Sparta were sent to military camps of their brotherhood
when they turned 7. They learned how to read and write until they were
about 14. The Spartan government wanted to make the boys tough. To
do this they were given little clothing and no shoes. They slept on hard
beds made of reeds and were not given any covers. They were not given
enough food. They were trained in survival skills and how to be a good
soldier. Reading and writing were taught as secondary skills.
Between ages 18 to 20 each boy had to pass a fitness test. If he did not
pass the test, he became a perioidos. This was a person of middle class
who had no political rights and was not even considered a citizen. If the
boy passed he served in the military and continued to train as a soldier.
Military service lasted until the boy reached age 60.

WARGA SPARTA

ACROPOLI
S

PARTHENON RUMAH IBADAT

(TUHAN ATHENA)

The most famous games held at Olympia, South- West of Greece,

which took place every four years. The ancient Olympics seem to
have begun in the early 700 BC, in honour of Zeus. No women were
allowed to watch the games and only Greek nationals could
participate. One of the ancient wonders was a statue of Zeus at
Olympia, made of gold and ivory by a Greek sculptor Pheidias. This
was placed inside a Temple, although it was a towering 42 feet high.
The games at Olympia were greatly expanded from a one-day
festival of athletics and wrestling to, in 472 BC, five days with many
events. The order of the events is not precisely known, but the first
day of the festival was devoted to sacrifices. On the Middle Day of
the festival 100 oxen were sacrificed in honor of a God. Athletes also
often prayed and made small sacrifices themselves..
On the second day, the foot-race, the main event of the games, took
place in the stadium, an oblong area enclosed by sloping banks of
earth.
At Olympia there were 4 different types of races; The first was
stadion, the oldest event of the Games, where runners sprinted for 1
stade, the length of the stadium(192m). The other races were a 2stade race (384 m.), and a long-distance run which ranged from 7 to
24 stades (1,344 m. to 4,608 m.).The fourth type of race involved
runners wearing full amor, which was 2-4 stade race (384 m. to 768
m.), used to build up speed and stamina for military purposes.
On other days, wrestling, boxing, and the pancratium, a combination
of the two, were held. In wrestling, the aim was to throw the

Boxing became more and more brutal; at first the

pugilists wound straps of soft leather over their fingers
as a means of deadening the blows, but in later times
hard leather, sometimes weighted with metal, was
used. In the pancratium, the most rigorous of the
sports, the contest continued until one or the other of
the participants acknowledged defeat.
Horse-racing, in which each entrant owned his horse,
was confined to the wealthy but was nevertheless a
popular attraction. The course was 6 laps of the track,
with separate races for whereupon the rider would
have no stirrups. It was only wealthy people that could
pay for such training, equipment, and feed of both the
rider and the horses.
So whichever horse won it was not the rider who was
awarded the Olive wreath but the owner. There were
also Chariot races, that consisted of both 2-horse and
4-horse chariot races, with separate races for chariots
drawn by foals. There was also a race was between
carts drawn by a team of 2 mules, which was 12 laps

OLIMPIK upacara sembah

Tuhan Zeus di Athena

Peserta Olimpik.. Hanya

lelaki. Mengapa?

TAMADUN ROM

Jelaskan ciri-ciri demokrasi di

Athens.
(8 markah)

ASPEK PENINGKATAN
TAMADUN:
PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRAN
PERUNDANGAN
PERLUASAN KUASA
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI
PENINGKATAN SOSIAL

PENDIDIKAN
FALSAFAH
SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
SENI BINA
BAHASA & SASTERA
SISTEM SOSIAL

T
U
K
E
S
A
H
DAPAT
FULUS
TAPI
BUAT
SAMPAH
SARAP

PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRAN ROM

PERUBAHAN PENTADBIRAN PEMERINTAHAN

ROM DIAMBILALIH OLEH JULIUS CAESAR

UNDANG2 PAPAN DUA

BELAS/TWELVE TABLES

EMPAYAR ROM di bawah pentadbiran AUGUSTUS

CAESAR

EKONOMI ROM
TIADA REKOD

FALSAFAH ROM

SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

ILMU MATEMATIK DIKAITKAN DGN

MUZIK, GEOMETRI & ASTRONOMI

TOKOH: BOETHIUS
PENYERAPAN UNSUR YUNANI

SENI BINA

PERTARUNGAN GLADIATOR
ROM
DI COLLOSEUM

If you had lived in ancient times, you could have applied to

become a Roman citizen. Not everyone who applied was
accepted, but anyone could apply. Would you have wanted to
become a Roman citizen? You might have. The ancient Romans
invented more games than any other ancient civilization.
The ancient Romans were very different from the ancient
Greeks. The ancient Romans were down-to-earth realists,
not idealists. You can see this in their statues. The Greeks
made statues of perfect people. The Romans created real life
statues. A statue of one of the Roman emperors is a good
example. His nose is huge! The ancient Greeks would never
have done that.
The Romans were fierce soldiers and wonderful
builders. They built roads all over the empire, and all roads
led to Rome. The ancient Greeks had roads, but they were not
built nearly as well, and the Greek's roads did not connect in
any particular order. Connect to what? Each Greek city-state
was its own unit. In ancient Rome, Rome was the heart of the

ASPEK PENINGKATAN
TAMADUN:
PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRAN
PERUNDANGAN
PERLUASAN KUASA
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI
PENINGKATAN SOSIAL

PENDIDIKAN
FALSAFAH
SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
SENI BINA
BAHASA & SASTERA
SISTEM SOSIAL

T
U
K
E
S
A
H
DAPAT
FULUS
TAPI
BUAT
SAMPAH
SARAP

MAHARAJA

KERAJAAN BERPENGARUH EMPAYAR

MAURYA

Peta Empayar Maurya

TIANG ASOKA

ASHOKA

The Kalinga War a Change of Heart During Ashoka's grandfather's time the
Kalinga army had only 60,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry and 700 elephants. During
Bindusara's reign and at the beginning of Ashoka's reign Kalinga must have
improved its armed forces considerably.
The mighty Magadha army marched towards Kalinga. Ashoka himself went at the
head of his vast army.
The Kalinga army resisted the Magadha army and fought bravely. They were not
afraid even of death. But their valor and sacrifices were in vain. Every thinner and
finally it accepted defeat.
Ashoka won a glorious victory.
'What Have I done!
True, Ashoka was victorious and Kalinga was his.
What was the price of this victory?
One of Ashoka's own inscriptions describes it:
One and a half people were taken prisoners. A lake was killed during the battle.
Many more died as a result of the war.'
Ashoka who led the army saw the battlefield with his own eyes.
As far as his eye could see he saw only the corpses of elephants and horses, and
the limbs of soldiers killed in the battle. There were streams of blood. Soldiers were
rolling on the ground in unbearable pain. There were orphaned children. And eagles
flew about to feast on the dead bodies.
Not one or two but hundreds of terrible sights greeted Ashoka's eyes. His heart was
broken with grief and shame.
He felt unhappy over the victory, which he had won at the cost of so much suffering.
'What a dreadful deed have I done! I was the head of a vast empire, but I longed to
subjugate a small kingdom and caused the death of thousands of soldiers; I
widowed thousands of women and orphaned thousands of children. With these

PENINGKATAN EKONOMI
INDIA
HASIL
PERDAGANG
AN

HASIL
BUAHBUAHAN

SARA ANGGOTA
TENTERA,
PENTADBIR, RAJA

KEMAJUAN EKONOMI

PENDIDIKAN DI INDIA

FALSAFAH INDIA

SENI BINA

BAHASA DAN
KESUSASTERAAN

BAHASA

SISTEM KASTA

TUJUAN

KAWAL TINGKAH LAKU

MANUSIA

PERUNDANGAN

JALAN SUTERA DARAT

HINDU
BUDDHA
KRISTIAN
ISLAM
CONFUCIANISME
TAOISME

HINDU

HINDU

TERIMA KASIH