m

 








m



m





m
 



m



  

  
      

  
 Content

ï Economic Development
and Pollution.
ï Changing role of
Government.
ï Increased Pollution
Levels.
ï Regulations and its
impact on business &
industry.
 India: From 1991-2008
K 16 Years
K 6 Government
K 5 Prime Ministers
K ALL ARE AIMING FOR ONE THING
ï THAT IS 8% GDP GROWTH
Ê
Ê 
  
 

 ˜.9 percent < USD 1 billion USD 1 million USD 97 million USD 390 9 percent
(1993)

 8.7 percent USD 309 billion as USD 16.1 billion USD 12.7 billion USD 7˜0 7.˜ percent
on Mar 28, 2008 in 2007-08 in 2007-08 till as on March
December (USD 29, 2008
16 billion in
2006-07)
 India: in terms of GDP & Development of sectors
India's GDP at Current Prices: 2002-07










˜ 

 
 ˜


   ˜ ˜     
 
 
AE - Advance Estimates

M Fastest GDP growth of 9.˜ percent in 2006-07, since last 18 years (at constant
prices)

M India͛s GDP has witnessed high growth, and was the second fastest growing
GDP after China in 2006-07
 Per Sector Performances
1,200

1,000

800
USD Billion

561
600 453
398
400
237
191 270
204 231
200 125
103
135 145 176
105 105
0
1999-00 2002-03 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Agriculture Industry Services

{The sound performance of each industry segment is

leading to the overall robust performance of the Indian
economy
 India: Robust Economic Platform


India's For x Reserves: 2001-08 (Till 28 Mar h 2008)
Steadily v
increasing Forex  In 2007-08 (till 28 March),
 Forex reserves witnessed a
reserves offer
v growth of approximately 55
adequate   

security against

v percent over 2006-07.
 
v 
any possible

v
currency crisis or v
v
monetary

instability
    v v 



 

India͛s Forex
reserves are in





 
 excess of external
Increased  
debt͙

confidence of
investors in 


Indian 


companies has ͙the decreasing


v

led to a surge in external debt to GDP
cross border
ratio indicates that India
borrowing by 
corporate houses has a sound economic
platform

    v v 

 India: Surging Exports
I ia's Exp rts: 2002-08
  O   ïQuality and cost
   advantage are the two
 
important parameters
 

 O

O leveraged by the Indian

producers to increasingly

 market products and
    O O
 


   services
* - 2007-08 provisional data for period of April to December only  

India' Imports: 2002-08


 

 ïPetroleum products
 



are the major


O contributors towards

India͛s growing imports

    O O



  
* - 2007-08 provisional data for period of April to December only  
 India: Attractive Investment Destination
With improved performance on PE ratio and ROE, Indian markets have attracted large investments

þ

 

 
 
 

185 percent Electronic equipment,

  

manufacturing and telecom


Increase

 
have witnessed significant FDI
 ˜ inflow
˜


 
˜   ˜
˜










˜
˜






  


i


 
18 16.1
16
149 percent
14 Increase
USD Billion

Large FII activity in 12 10.2

10.0 9.4
India has led to an 10
upsurge in the 8 6.7

Sensex 6
4
1.8
2 0.6
0
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
 India: Vibrant Capital Market
 !!!



!!
!!!! 
!!!!

!!!
! !!
!
 
!!!! 
 !!! 

!!!!

!!!

!

   

   

 !

   !

   !

   !

   !

   !

   !

 

 

 !!

 !

 !

 !

 !

 !

 !

!

   

   !

   !

 !




























FIIs have infused Encouraging Increased local

large investments industry investors͛
into the Indian performance confidence
stock market
India: Vibrant Economy Driving M&A Activities

i

  

   ë
  


 

 

 ë 


  


  
ë
ë
  
ë 

ë
 ë

 
ë ë ë ë

! 





In 2007, there were a total of 676 M&A deals and ˜05 private equity deals͙
Major M&A Deals Undertaken Abroad by India Inc.

USD 12.1 billion

Tata Steel buys Corus Plc

USD 6 billion
Hindalco acquired Novelis Inc.

USD 2.3 billion

Tata buys Jaguar and Land Rover
Major M&A Deals Undertaken Abroad by India Inc.

Suzlon Energy Ltd. acquires USD 1.6 billion

REpower

Vodafone buys Hutch USD 11 billion

USD 10.7 billion

Bharti buys stake in Zain
Latest Indian Economy
Data
 Video
K ͞A glimpse of Indian economy͟ from youtube
Changing Role of Government
 Introduction:
K The market is the most appropriate instrument for
realizing economic growth & improving human
welfare
K In the three and a half decades between 1960 &
1995, government western economies assumed new
role & expanded existing ones.
K As a result, in the 35 year period from 1960 onwards
the central government expenditure rose from less
than 20% of GDP to over 30%.
ECONOMIC ROLES OF THE
GOVERNMENT after 1991:

That is Globalization, Liberalization

and Privatization took place
 As Regulator:
K Laws & Policies were made to assure that
competition is maintained if not enhanced
K The Antitrust laws
K The Government today prefers to rely more on
fiscal and monetary measures
K Today͛s regulatory structure consists of ͚old͛
and ͚new͛.
 As Promoter:
K Infrastructure development
K Introduction to advanced technical process
K Promotion of Financial institution to function
as development agencies
 As Planner
K Adoption of economic planning after world
war-II for
- Achieving higher Growth rate
- Better standard of living
- Efficient allocation of resources
 As Facilitator
K State-owned utilities provide electricity, gas
and water.
K Also play a significant role in transport and
communications.
 JAfter this facts and
figures
where we want to focus
is that
how this development
has negatively affected
humanity
and
nature..???
 What is Pollution?

K It is contamination of Earth¶s environment with

materials that interfere with human health, the
quality of life, or the natural functioning of
ecosystems (living organisms and their physical
surroundings).

K Introduction by man, waste matter or surplus

energy into the environment, which directly or
indirectly causes damage to man and his
environment.
 Types of Pollution

?

 
?


  
 

m

 



 ? 
 
 What can we do?
JSuch as:
K Copenhagen meet
K Carbon credit
policy
K Small but effective
individual efforts
 Environment Regulations in India
K 
  
   


K 

     

  

K 

     



K  
   

K  !Ê  
"

 

K #  
 Ê"!" "

Ê    "
 Environment Regulations in India
K The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897

K Indian Ports Act, 1908

K The Indian Forest Act, 1927

K HAZARDOUS WASTES
(MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING)
AMENDMENT RULES, 2003
 IMPACT
K High compliance costs

K Entire value chain

From the manufacturing of a product to the
generation and disposal of waste and the reporting
of release of hazardous wastes,

K High investment in clean technology

K Small scale industries will be the most affected

 Factors affecting the firms level of
compliance
K Incentives like tax breaks, investment subsidy
etc.

K Market ʹbased instruments

K Probability of detection

K Penalties
Causes of poor Compliance to Environment
regulations
K $%
&'( )&*+ ++,",,+

K  %$  

K
-

K $% $( 
*( 

 +* +

K
*$'*,+

K $ ( ( +.

 Measures for improving compliance
K Public performance audit

K Community pressure

K Capital markets

K Pollution levy

K Emission trading
×