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Design Research :

Research for/on/by Design


Kevin McCartney
Cork Centre for Architectural Education
August 2009

What is research?

a systematic activity with the goal


of Knowledge

What is research?
a systematic activity with the goal
of Knowledge
the collection, manipulation and
presentation of Information

What is research?
a systematic activity with the goal
of Knowledge
the collection, manipulation and
presentation of Information
a personal framework for
increasing understanding

Ludwig Wittgenstein
Working in philosophy like working
in architecture - is really more a
working on oneself On ones
way of seeing things

Paul Valery
The more I meditate on my art, the
more I practice it, the more I think
and act, the more I feel my own being
with an even surer delight and
clarity

Paul Valery (1932) Socratic Dialogue concerning Eupalinos, the architect

What is doctoral
research?

an original
and significant
contribution to knowledge

What is doctoral
research?
an original
and significant
contribution to knowledge
which is communicable

What is doctoral
research?
an original
and significant
contribution to knowledge
which is communicable
the sources of which can be retraced

Fields of
ACADEMIC ENQUIRY

SCIENCE

HUMANITIES

CP Snow(1957): Two Cultures

Fields of
ACADEMIC ENQUIRY
DESIGN

SCIENCE

HUMANITIES

Bruce Archer (1979):


Designerly Approach to Knowledge

Characteristic Modes of
Discourse, Development &
Testing
DESIGN

SCIENCE
Math &
Experiment

HUMANITIES
Natural
language

Characteristic Modes of
Discourse, Development &
Testing
Modelling:
(graphic & physical)
DESIGN

SCIENCE

Math

HUMANITIES
Natural
language

Where did

architecture

research begin?
Modelling
DESIGN

SCIENCE

Math

HUMANITIES
Natural
language

Where did

architecture

research begin?
Modelling
DESIGN

SCIENCE

Math

HUMANITIES
Natural
language

architecture
research going?
Where is

Modelling
DESIGN

SCIENCE

Math

HUMANITIES
Natural
language

What is design
research?
is the comparison of designs
T. De Jong & Leen van Duin (2000) Ways to Study Design

N.B. De Jong uses trhe term Design Research as just one of


several types of research related to design: that
describes and analyses existing designs with a known
context

De Jongs categories of
ways to research design

Naming & describing


Design research & typology
Evaluating
Modelling
Programming & optimising
Technical study
Design study
Study by design

What is design
research?
Research for Design
Research on/about design
Research by Design

What is design
research?

Research for Design

Research on/about design

Research by Design

Studying the effects of actively and systematically


varying both design solutions and their context (De Jong,
2005)
OR
Exploration of possibilities

UK HEFCE

UoA 63 descriptor
& boundaries

fine arts;

applied arts and crafts;

spatial, 2D & 3D art and design;

photography, time-based and digital media;

critical, historical and cultural studies

contributions to policy, management and


entrepreneurship in creative industry, A&D

contributions to the construction of a


scholarly
infrastructure

curatorship;

pedagogic research in areas identified

Generic
Quality Levels

4* Quality that is world-leading in terms of originality,


significance and rigour.

3* Quality that is internationally excellent in terms of

originality, significance and rigour but which nonetheless


falls short of the highest standards of excellence

2* Quality that is recognised internationally in terms of


originality, significance and rigour.

1* Quality that is recognised nationally in terms of originality,


significance and rigour.

u/ Quality that falls below the standard of nationally


c recognised work. Or work which does not meet the

published definition of research for the purposes of this


assessment.

Quality of
Research Outputs
Significance. The degree to which the work has
enhanced, or is likely to enhance, knowledge,
thinking, understanding and/or practice in its
field.
Originality. The degree to which the work has
developed new formulations or data and/or
initiated new methods and/or forms of
expression.
Rigour. The degree of intellectual precision,
systematic method and/or integrity embodied in
the research.

What is doctoral
research?
an original
and significant
contribution to knowledge
which is communicable
the sources of which can be retraced

What is a
professional doctorate?

Original
Significant
Contribution to Practice

What is a
professional doctorate?
Original
Significant
Contribution to Practice
Doctoral level but not equivalent to
PhD

What is a
professional doctorate?
Original
Significant
Contribution to Practice
Doctoral level but not equivalent to
PhD
May be more prized by
industrial/professional employers

What is design
research?
Research for Design
Research on/about design
Research by Design

Brainstorming for types


of design research?

FORM THREE GROUPS to


brainstorm:

RED group: Research for Design


ORANGE : Research on/about
design
BLUE group: Research by Design

Brainstorming scenario:
for ALL
groups
a design team is proposing a very
tall building for the local town
centre. Concern is anticipated
regarding its impact on views
across the city and on sun, light
and wind on the neighbouring
buildings and public spaces.

Brainstorming scenario:
RED Group: Design FOR Research

What issues and methods might


you tackle in this scenario?

Brainstorming scenario:
ORANGE Group: Research ON
Design

What issues and methods might


you tackle in this scenario?

Brainstorming scenario:
BLUE Group: Design BY Research

What issues and methods might


you tackle in this scenario?

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