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Design
Design
The creation of end results that
satisfies a human need by taking
definite action
ENGINEERING MARVELS
MACINTOSH LAPTOP
Classifications of Design
Empirical Design
This type of design depends on empirical
formulae based on practice and past
experience.
Many times scientific proof may not be
there but is practiced as it did not pose
problems or worked well.
Seldom people will have mind to change
or find alternatives for the thumb rule
formulae or empirical relations adopted.
Rational Design
This type of design depends
on
mathematical
formulae,
scientific
principles and principles of mechanics.
The design is made with scientific rational
theories and hence allows scope for
modification / improvements.
Adaptive Design
This mainly deals with adaptation of
existing design.
This type of design needs no special
knowledge or skill and can be attempted
with ordinary technical training.
The
designer
makes
only
minor
changes/alterations/modifications in the
existing design of the product.
Adequate Design
The design is made adequate enough to
meet one or two basic or few requirements
The design does the intended functions
but cannot be claimed as the best suited
one.
Industrial Design
This depends upon the production aspects
to
manufacturing
any
machine
components in the industry.
Generally it concentrates on aesthetic
aspects and ergonomic aspects.
Development Design
This type of design needs considerable scientific
knowledge/ training/ ability to modify the existing
design into a new idea, by adopting new
material or different methods of manufacture.
We may start from the existing design but end
up in a product that is markedly different from
the original product.
Example: Design of Mixie from grinding
operation.
New Design
This type of design needs lot of research /
technical ability, creative thinking /
innovative skills that changes the concepts
of methodologies of working procedure
thoroughly and differently .
Example:
Concepts of a pager to the concepts of a
mobile
Optimum Design
It is the best design for the given objective
function under the specified constraints. It
may be achieved by minimising the
undesirable effects.
Benefits
Many alternatives can be tried and
optimum design can be obtained
Lead time reduces
Highly cost effective
Prototype can be made after the best
design is selected.
Benefits(Cont.)
Since Rapid Prototyping facilities have
come into existence if facilitates
development of plastic or metallic physical
models with the digital designs. After
inspecting the models, the suggested
changes can be incorporated in the digital
design and a thorough physical model can
be and then the final prototype is made.
Complexity
Choice
Compromise
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
DESIGN METHOD
OVERALL DESIGN
PROCESS/MORPHOLOGY OF DESIGN
Design need
CAD Process
Marketing
CAM Process
Shipping
CAD Process
Design need
Design
definitions
Specifications
and
requirements
Collecting
relevant
design
information
and feasibility
study
SYNTHESIS
Design
Modelling and
simulation
Design
Communication
and
documentation
Design
evaluation
Design
conceptualisation
Design
optimization
Design
analysis
ANALYSIS
CAM Process
Production
planning
Production
Procurement of
new tools
Quality control
Process
planning
Order materials
NC, CNC,
DNC programming
Packaging
Shipping
Marketing
Static Products
Static products are those where changes in their design concepts,
takes place over a long period of time.
Incremental changes may occur at component or subsystem level
but overall product stays for a long time in the market.
Static products exist in the market for a long time where customer is
not eager to change .
Fashion or styling plays a very little role for the change.
The technology of design and manufacturer is by and large stable.
Ex. Machine tools like lathe, drilling machine,
Automobiles or machineries
Consumer appliances like Refrigerator, Washing machine or
Dishwasher.
Dynamic Products
Dynamic products are those where basic design concepts
change frequently and rapidly.
Customers are often willing for a change or many times
drive the change
The products stay for a shorter time in the market
Fashion, styling also play important role in some products
The technology of design and manufacture often change
Ex. Telecommunication systems/devices like cell phones
Consumer goods and Television sets
Garments, Foot wear and Fashion jewelleries
Software, showcase items
MORPHOLOGY OF DESIGN
(PHASES OF DESIGN PROCESS)
Discrete steps in engineering design process from problem definition to detail design.
The chief tools or techniques applicable in each step are given
Define problem
Problem statement
Benchmarking
QFD
PDS
Project planning
Gather information
Internet Patents
Trade
Literature
Concept
Generation
Brainstorming
Functional
decomposition
Morphological
chart
Evaluation
of concepts
Pugh concepts
Selection
Decision
matrices
Conceptual design
Product
Architecture
Arrangement of
physical elements
To carry out
function
Configuration
Design
Prelim, selection
matls. & mfg.
Modeling/sizing
of parts
Embodiment design
Parametric design
Robust design
Tolerances
Final dimen. DFM
Detail design
Detail drawings
and
specifications
Packaging
Shipping
Warehousing
Distribution of product to customer
Jai Hind
Be Proud of Being an Indian
OVERALL DESIGN
PROCESS/MORPHOLOGY OF DESIGN
Design need
CAD Process
Marketing
CAM Process
Shipping
CAD Process
Design need
Design
definitions
Specifications
and
requirements
Design
Modellinf and
simulation
Design
Communication
and
documentation
Design
evaluation
Collecting
relevant
design
information
and feasibility
study
SYNTHESIS
Design
conceptualisation
Design
optimization
Design
analysis
ANALYSIS
CAM Process
Production
planning
Production
Procurement of
new tools
Quality control
Process
planning
Order materials
NC, CNC,
DNC programming
Packaging
Shipping
Marketing